T01n0035_海八德經

大正藏第 01 冊 No. 0035 海八德經

No. 35 [No. 26(37), Nos. 33, 34]

佛說海八德經

後秦龜茲國三藏鳩摩羅什譯

聞如是：

一時，佛游無勝國。時在河邊，常以十五日，為諸沙門說戒經。佛坐寂寞，久而無言。阿難整服，長跪白曰：「沙門坐定，樂聞清法。」世尊默然。阿難三起白：「夜已半，可說戒經。」世尊乃曰：「諸沙門中，有穢濁者，心邪行違言與法，乖沙門之戒。威神致重，非彼下賤所能執行，清濁相違，故吾不說。」

尊德目連，一心入定，道眼凈觀，具見彼心有可棄之行矣。目連即與謂之曰：「起！非爾俗夫所應坐處也。」彼不肯起，牽臂使出曰：「爾無至德，心懷六邪，何敢以臭溷之體，坐天香之座？爾是棄人，非沙門矣。」目連即還就清凈座。

佛告目連：「子何一愚，好喻不出，牽臂乃去。」佛告沙門：「靖聽吾言。」諸沙門曰：「唯然受教。」

「觀彼巨海，有八美德。其廣即汪洋無涯，其深則有不測之底，稍入稍深，無前所礙，斯一德也。海潮不過期先際，斯二德也。海含眾寶，靡所不包，死屍臭朽，海不容焉，神風吹漂上岸之邊，斯三德也。海懷眾珍，黃金白銀、琉璃水精、珊瑚龍玫、明月神珠，千奇萬異，無求不得，斯四德也。普天之下，有五大河，流行注海，西流者名恒；南流者名邪云；東流者兩河：一名沙陸，一名阿夷越；北流名墨。五河流邁，俱入于海，皆去舊名，合為海，斯五德也。五河萬流，淋雨終時，立天地來，雨落河注，海水如故，蓋無增減，斯六德也。海有眾魚，巨軀巍巍，第一魚身，長四千里，第二魚身，長八千里，第三魚身，長萬二千里，第四魚身，長萬六千里，第五魚身，長二萬里，第六魚身，長二萬四千里，第七魚身，長二萬八千里，斯七德也。海水通咸，邊中如一，斯八德也。以斯之故，質亮神龍欣心樂之。

「吾經妙典，亦有景德，讀之無盡，其義日深，梵魔帝釋，無能測度，猶海廣遠，甚深難測。以斯之故，諸沙門樂之，斯一德矣。吾諸弟子，更相檢率，誦經坐禪，禮儀景式，不失其時也，猶海之潮不過期先際，斯二德也。吾法清潔，志在憺怕，衣食供已，不畜微余；若有沙門，志趣穢濁，以法彈遣，不得處廟，猶海弘裕不容臭尸，斯三德也。吾道眾經，其義備悉，沙門潛思，練去心垢，貪淫恚嫉，愚癡眾穢，猶若磨鏡瑩垢盡之，又蕩微曀照無不睹。一坐自思，存惟往古生死之源，得無不知；二惟天地萬物若幻，夫有合會，必當別離；三常慈心，愍世愚惑，作行顛倒，不自知誤；四自精思，既知往古，又照未然，眾生魂神，所當趣向。吾向道以心凈為珍寶，沙門去穢，得凈行者，其心喜之，猶彼質亮樂海眾寶，斯四德矣。吾道弘大，合衆爲一，帝王種、梵志種、君子種、下賤種，來作沙門者，皆棄本姓，以道相親，明愚相進，意如兄弟，猶彼眾流合名曰海，以斯之故，沙門樂之，斯六德矣。吾道微妙，經典淵奧，上士得之，一號溝港、二號頻來、三號不還、四號應真。應真之道，其心清凈，猶天明珠，垢藏之德，分身散體，存亡自由，住壽無極，亦不老病，猶彼巨海，有神龍魚，以斯之故，沙門樂之

現代漢語譯本：佛陀在無勝國遊歷時，有一次在河邊，每逢十五日，都會為眾沙門講說戒律。佛陀靜坐默然，良久不語。阿難整理好衣物，長跪稟告說：『沙門們靜坐等待，渴望聽聞清凈的佛法。』世尊依然沉默。阿難三次起身稟告：『夜已過半，可以講說戒律了。』世尊這才說道：『諸位沙門中，有行為污穢不清凈的人，他們心懷邪念，行為違背佛法，不遵守沙門的戒律。他們的罪業深重，不是我所能教化的，清凈與污濁相互違背，所以我才沒有講說。』 尊者目連，一心入定，以清凈的道眼觀察，清楚地看到那些人心中有應當捨棄的行為。目連立即對他們說：『起來！這裡不是你們這些俗人應該坐的地方。』他們不肯起身，目連就拉著他們的手臂把他們拉出去，說：『你們沒有高尚的德行，心中懷著六種邪念，怎麼敢用你們污穢的身體，坐在天香的座位上？你們是應當被捨棄的人，不是沙門。』目連隨即回到清凈的座位上。 佛陀告訴目連：『你真是太愚笨了，為什麼不用比喻來說明，反而要拉著他們的手臂把他們趕走呢？』佛陀告訴眾沙門：『安靜地聽我說。』眾沙門說：『是，我們願意接受教誨。』 『你們觀察那巨大的海洋，有八種美德。它的廣闊無邊無際，它的深度深不可測，逐漸深入，沒有阻礙，這是第一種美德。海潮漲落有規律，不會錯過時間，這是第二種美德。海洋包容萬物，蘊藏著各種珍寶，但對於腐爛的屍體，海洋不會容納，神風會把它們吹到岸邊，這是第三種美德。海洋懷有各種珍寶，如黃金、白銀、琉璃、水晶、珊瑚、龍玫、明月神珠，千奇百怪，沒有求不到的，這是第四種美德。普天之下，有五條大河，它們流向大海，西流的叫恒河，南流的叫邪雲河，東流的有兩條河，一條叫沙陸河，一條叫阿夷越河，北流的叫墨河。五條河流奔騰，都匯入大海，都失去了原來的名字，合稱為海，這是第五種美德。五條河流和萬千細流，以及連綿不斷的雨水，從天地形成以來，雨水落入河流，注入大海，海水始終如一，沒有增減，這是第六種美德。海里有各種魚類，體型巨大，第一種魚身長四千里，第二種魚身長八千里，第三種魚身長一萬二千里，第四種魚身長一萬六千里，第五種魚身長二萬里，第六種魚身長二萬四千里，第七種魚身長二萬八千里，這是第七種美德。海水都是鹹的，無論在邊緣還是中心都一樣，這是第八種美德。因為這些美德，品性高潔的神龍都非常喜歡它。』 『我的經典妙法，也有美好的德行，讀誦它無窮無盡，它的意義日益深遠，梵天、魔王、帝釋天都無法測度，就像海洋一樣廣闊深遠，難以測度。因此，眾沙門都喜歡它，這是第一種德行。我的弟子們，互相監督，誦經坐禪，遵守禮儀，不耽誤時間，就像海潮一樣不會錯過時間，這是第二種德行。我的佛法清凈，志在淡泊，衣食足夠，不積蓄多餘的東西；如果有沙門，志向污穢不清凈，就用佛法來彈劾他們，不讓他們住在寺廟裡，就像大海寬廣，不容納腐爛的屍體一樣，這是第三種德行。我的佛法經典，意義完備，沙門們潛心思考，去除心中的污垢，貪慾、嗔恨、嫉妒、愚癡等各種污穢，就像擦拭鏡子，使污垢盡除，又像驅散微塵，使一切都清晰可見。靜坐思考，第一要思考過去生死的根源，是否有所不知；第二要思考天地萬物如夢幻泡影，凡是聚合的，必定會分離；第三要常懷慈悲之心，憐憫世人的愚昧迷惑，行為顛倒，卻不自知錯誤；第四要精進思考，既知道過去，又能預見未來，眾生的靈魂將要走向何方。我以心凈為珍寶，沙門去除污穢，得到清凈的行為，他們的內心會感到喜悅，就像品性高潔的人喜歡大海中的各種珍寶一樣，這是第四種德行。我的佛法廣大，能使眾人合為一體，無論是帝王種姓、婆羅門種姓、君子種姓、**種姓，來做沙門的人，都捨棄原來的姓氏，以佛法互相親近，明智的人引導愚昧的人，情同兄弟，就像各種河流匯合后都稱為海一樣，因此，沙門們都喜歡它，這是第六種德行。我的佛法微妙，經典深奧，上士得到它，第一種稱為溝港，第二種稱為頻來，第三種稱為不還，第四種稱為應真。應真之道，內心清凈，就像天上的明珠，能隱藏污垢，能分身散體，存亡自由，壽命無盡，也不會衰老生病，就像大海里有神龍魚一樣，因此，沙門們都喜歡它。』

English version: When the Buddha was traveling in the country of No Victory, he was once by a river, and every fifteenth day, he would preach the precepts to the monks. The Buddha sat in silence for a long time without speaking. Ananda adjusted his robes, knelt down, and reported, 'The monks are sitting and waiting, eager to hear the pure Dharma.' The World Honored One remained silent. Ananda rose three times to report, 'It is past midnight, it is time to preach the precepts.' The World Honored One then said, 'Among the monks, there are those whose conduct is impure, their minds harbor evil thoughts, their actions violate the Dharma, and they do not abide by the precepts of the monks. Their sins are heavy, and they cannot be taught by me. Purity and impurity are contradictory, so I have not spoken.' The Venerable Maudgalyayana, with a focused mind, entered into samadhi, and with his pure divine eye, clearly saw that those people had actions that should be abandoned. Maudgalyayana immediately said to them, 'Get up! This is not a place for you laypeople to sit.' They refused to get up, so Maudgalyayana grabbed their arms and pulled them out, saying, 'You have no noble virtues, your hearts harbor six evil thoughts, how dare you sit on the seat of heavenly fragrance with your filthy bodies? You are people who should be abandoned, not monks.' Maudgalyayana then returned to his pure seat. The Buddha said to Maudgalyayana, 'You are truly foolish, why didn't you use a metaphor to explain, instead of pulling them out by their arms?' The Buddha said to the monks, 'Listen quietly to what I have to say.' The monks said, 'Yes, we are willing to receive your teachings.' 'Observe the vast ocean, it has eight virtues. Its breadth is boundless, its depth is unfathomable, gradually deepening without obstruction, this is the first virtue. The tides rise and fall regularly, never missing their time, this is the second virtue. The ocean is all-encompassing, containing all kinds of treasures, but it does not tolerate decaying corpses, the divine wind will blow them to the shore, this is the third virtue. The ocean holds various treasures, such as gold, silver, lapis lazuli, crystal, coral, dragon pearls, and bright moon pearls, all kinds of wonders, nothing is unattainable, this is the fourth virtue. Under the heavens, there are five great rivers that flow into the sea, the one flowing west is called the Ganges, the one flowing south is called the Xieyun River, the two flowing east are called the Shalu River and the Ayiyue River, and the one flowing north is called the Mo River. The five rivers flow and converge into the sea, losing their original names and becoming known as the sea, this is the fifth virtue. The five rivers and countless streams, along with the continuous rain, since the formation of heaven and earth, the rain falls into the rivers and flows into the sea, the sea water remains the same, without increase or decrease, this is the sixth virtue. In the sea, there are various kinds of fish, with enormous bodies, the first fish is four thousand miles long, the second fish is eight thousand miles long, the third fish is twelve thousand miles long, the fourth fish is sixteen thousand miles long, the fifth fish is twenty thousand miles long, the sixth fish is twenty-four thousand miles long, and the seventh fish is twenty-eight thousand miles long, this is the seventh virtue. The seawater is all salty, whether at the edge or in the center, it is the same, this is the eighth virtue. Because of these virtues, the noble dragons are very fond of it.' 'My wonderful Dharma also has beautiful virtues, reading it is endless, its meaning deepens daily, Brahma, Mara, and Indra cannot fathom it, just like the ocean is vast and deep, difficult to measure. Therefore, the monks all like it, this is the first virtue. My disciples, supervise each other, recite scriptures, meditate, observe the rituals, and do not waste time, just like the tides of the sea never miss their time, this is the second virtue. My Dharma is pure, aiming at tranquility, with enough food and clothing, not accumulating excess; if there are monks whose aspirations are impure, they will be impeached with the Dharma and not allowed to live in the temple, just like the ocean is vast and does not tolerate decaying corpses, this is the third virtue. My Dharma scriptures are complete in meaning, the monks contemplate deeply, removing the defilements of the heart, greed, hatred, jealousy, ignorance, and all kinds of impurities, just like polishing a mirror, removing all the dirt, and like dispersing dust, making everything clear. Sitting in meditation, first contemplate the source of past lives and deaths, whether there is anything unknown; second, contemplate that all things in heaven and earth are like illusions, and that all that gathers must separate; third, always have a compassionate heart, pitying the ignorance and delusion of the world, their actions are inverted, yet they do not know their mistakes; fourth, diligently contemplate, knowing the past and foreseeing the future, where the souls of sentient beings will go. I regard the purity of the heart as a treasure, the monks remove defilements and attain pure conduct, their hearts will feel joy, just like noble people like the various treasures in the sea, this is the fourth virtue. My Dharma is vast, able to unite all into one, whether they are of royal lineage, Brahmin lineage, noble lineage, or ** lineage, those who come to be monks abandon their original surnames, and become close to each other through the Dharma, the wise guide the foolish, like brothers, just as all rivers merge and are called the sea, therefore, the monks all like it, this is the sixth virtue. My Dharma is subtle, the scriptures are profound, the superior ones who attain it, the first are called Srotapanna, the second are called Sakadagami, the third are called Anagami, and the fourth are called Arhat. The path of the Arhat is pure in heart, like a heavenly pearl, able to conceal defilements, able to divide and scatter the body, free in life and death, with endless life, and will not age or get sick, just like the sea has divine dragon fish, therefore, the monks all like it.'

。吾之經籍，義美甘露，仙聖所不聞，梵釋所希睹，往古來今，無物不記，邊中皆正，猶海通咸，亦以斯故，沙門樂之。夫見吾經者，意皆趣無為矣。海有八德，吾經亦然。」

阿難又起，稽首白曰：「東旦欲明，愿說重戒。」

世尊曰：「自今之後，吾不復說重戒之經。戒之不從，恐彼神雷威怒加之也，吾以斯故，不說戒經。自今以往，更相檢率，以十五日，會說戒經。」

諸比丘起，為佛作禮。

按此經文，決非羅什之譯，似是後漢之經。疑此是彼竺法蘭譯，為失本者，藏中錯為羅什譯耳

現代漢語譯本：我的經典，義理美好如甘露，是仙人和聖人都不曾聽聞的，是梵天和帝釋天都渴望見到的。從古至今，沒有什麼事物沒有被記載其中，邊地和中原都遵循正道，就像大海容納一切鹹水一樣。也正因為如此，沙門們都樂於學習它。凡是見到我的經典的人，他們的心意都會趨向于無為的境界。大海有八種德行，我的經典也是如此。 阿難又起身，向佛陀行禮並說道：『明天早上天亮時，希望您能再講說重戒。』 世尊說：『從今以後，我不再講說重戒的經典了。如果有人不遵守戒律，恐怕會遭到神雷的威怒懲罰。因為這個原因，我不再講說戒律的經典。從今以後，大家要互相監督，每隔十五天，聚在一起講說戒律的經典。』 眾比丘起身，向佛陀行禮。 佛說《海八德經》 按此經文來看，決不是鳩摩羅什的譯本，似乎是後漢時期的經典。懷疑這可能是竺法蘭翻譯的，因為原本丟失了，所以藏經中錯誤地認為是鳩摩羅什翻譯的。

English version: My scriptures, with their beautiful and sweet meaning like nectar, are something that neither immortals nor sages have heard of, something that Brahma and Indra long to see. From ancient times to the present, there is nothing that is not recorded within them. Both the borderlands and the central regions follow the right path, just as the sea accommodates all salty waters. It is for this reason that the monks are happy to learn from it. All who see my scriptures will have their minds inclined towards non-action. The sea has eight virtues, and so do my scriptures. Ananda then rose, bowed to the Buddha, and said, 'When dawn breaks tomorrow, I wish you would speak again about the heavy precepts.' The World Honored One said, 'From now on, I will no longer speak about the scriptures of heavy precepts. If someone does not follow the precepts, I fear they will incur the wrath of divine thunder. For this reason, I will no longer speak about the scriptures of precepts. From now on, you should supervise each other, and every fifteen days, gather together to discuss the scriptures of precepts.' The monks rose and bowed to the Buddha. The Buddha spoke the 'Sutra of the Eight Virtues of the Sea' According to this scripture, it is definitely not a translation by Kumarajiva, but seems to be a scripture from the Later Han Dynasty. It is suspected that this was translated by Zhu Falan, and because the original was lost, it was mistakenly attributed to Kumarajiva in the canon.

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現代漢語譯本：。

English version: .