T14n0514_佛說諫王經
大正藏第 14 冊 No. 0514 佛說諫王經
No. 514 [Nos. 515, 516]
佛說諫王經
宋安陽侯沮渠京聲譯
如是我聞：
一時，佛在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園。是時，國王名不離先尼，出行國界，道過佛所，身蒙塵土，解劍退蓋為佛作禮。天尊曰：「就坐。」王即坐。
佛問王：「王所從來，身蒙塵土。」王即退坐，稽首對：「諾！屬行國界有災異者。」
佛告王曰：「王治當以正法，無失節度，常以慈心養育人民，所以得霸治。為國王者，皆由宿命行善所致，統理民事不可偏枉。諸公卿群寮下逮凡民皆有怨辭，王治行不平海內皆忿，身死魂神常入太山地獄，后雖悔之無所復及。王治國平正常以節度，臣民嘆德四海歸心，天、龍、鬼神皆聞王善，死得上天后亦無悔。王無好淫妷以自荒壞，無以忿意有所殘賊，當受忠臣剛直之諫，夫與人言，常以寬詳無灼熱之。
「當以四意待於國民。何謂為四？隨時廩與，和意與語，所有珍寶與民共之，占視老病及諸鰥寡。王如是者，國中和平即得其福，壽終上天所愿自然。王不可以常得自在，人皆敬畏以之為樂，名象、好馬、寶車、賢臣，群寮百官導從前後，內藏珍寶倉庫百物，皆當腐壞
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本： 《佛說諫王經》
宋朝安陽侯沮渠京聲譯
我是這樣聽說的：
一時，佛陀在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園（Jetavana Anathapindika-arama）說法。當時，國王名叫不離先尼（Prasenajit），出巡國境，路過佛陀所在之處，身上沾滿了塵土，便解下佩劍，撤去華蓋，向佛陀行禮。天尊（佛陀的尊稱）說：『請就坐。』國王便坐了下來。
佛陀問國王：『大王從哪裡來，身上沾滿了塵土？』國王退回座位，稽首回答：『是的！我正在巡視國境，檢視是否有災異發生。』
佛陀告訴國王說：『大王治理國家應當以正法為準則，不要失去法度，要常常以慈悲之心養育人民，這樣才能成就霸業。作為國王，都是由於前世行善所致，治理民事不可偏頗枉法。如果公卿大臣、各級官員乃至普通百姓都有怨言，大王治理國家不公平，天下百姓都會忿恨，死後魂神常常會墮入太山地獄（Tai Shan Hell），到那時即使後悔也無濟於事。大王治理國家公平正直，常以法度行事，臣民讚頌您的德行，四海歸心，天、龍（Naga）、鬼神都會聽到您的善行，死後便能升上天界，之後也不會有後悔。大王不要沉迷於淫樂而荒廢政事，不要因為憤怒而殘害百姓，應當接受忠臣剛正的勸諫，與人交談時，要常用寬容平和的語氣，不要用尖刻辛辣的言辭。
『應當用四種心意對待百姓。哪四種呢？隨時供給他們所需的物資，用和善的言語與他們交談，將所有的珍寶與百姓共同分享，關心照顧年老體弱和鰥夫寡婦。大王如果這樣做，國家就會和平安寧，就能得到福報，壽命終結后便能升上天界，所希望的都能自然實現。大王不可以認為自己常常可以爲所欲爲，認為人們敬畏自己是理所當然的快樂。要知道，名象、好馬、寶車、賢臣，以及眾多的官員侍從，還有內藏的珍寶和倉庫里的各種物品，最終都會腐朽損壞。
【English Translation】 English version: The Buddha Speaks the Sutra of Admonishing the King
Translated by Juqu Jingsheng, Marquis of Anyang of the Song Dynasty
Thus have I heard:
At one time, the Buddha was in the Jetavana Anathapindika-arama in Shravasti (Sravasti). At that time, the king's name was Prasenajit (Prasenajit). He was traveling in the country, and when he passed by the place where the Buddha was, his body was covered with dust. He took off his sword and removed his canopy to pay homage to the Buddha. The World-Honored One (a respectful title for the Buddha) said, 'Please be seated.' The king then sat down.
The Buddha asked the king, 'Where have you come from, O King, that your body is covered with dust?' The king retreated to his seat, bowed his head, and replied, 'Yes! I am inspecting the country for signs of disasters.'
The Buddha told the king, 'Your Majesty should govern with the righteous Dharma, without losing measure and moderation, and always nurture the people with a compassionate heart. This is how you can achieve hegemony. Being a king is due to good deeds performed in past lives. In governing the affairs of the people, you must not be biased or unjust. If the dukes, ministers, and all officials, down to the common people, all have grievances, and if your governance is unfair, the people within the seas will be resentful. After death, your soul will often enter the Tai Shan Hell (Tai Shan Hell), and then even if you regret it, it will be of no avail. If Your Majesty governs the country fairly and justly, always acting with measure and moderation, the ministers and people will praise your virtue, and the hearts of all within the four seas will turn to you. The gods, dragons (Naga), and spirits will all hear of your goodness, and after death, you will ascend to heaven, and there will be no regrets. Your Majesty should not indulge in licentiousness and ruin yourself, nor should you inflict cruelty out of anger. You should accept the upright and honest advice of loyal ministers. When speaking to others, always use a tolerant and gentle tone, without harsh or stinging words.
『You should treat the people with four intentions. What are the four? Provide them with supplies according to the season, speak to them with kindness, share all your treasures with the people, and care for the elderly, the sick, and the widowed. If Your Majesty does this, the country will be peaceful and prosperous, and you will receive blessings. When your life ends, you will ascend to heaven, and your wishes will be fulfilled naturally. Your Majesty should not think that you can always do as you please, or that it is a matter of course that people respect you. Know that famous elephants, fine horses, precious chariots, virtuous ministers, and the many officials and attendants, as well as the treasures in the inner treasury and the various items in the warehouse, will all eventually decay and be destroyed.』
無長存者。
「年少會老強健必病，含血之類皆當歸死，珍寶、妻子、家室內外不可常得，如人夢見殿舍、好園、樹木、花果、池水、流泉，遊戲其中快樂無極，寤則霍然莫知所在，睹世所有皆如人夢。
「王寧見樹有華果，華果不能常著樹，青青之葉會有萎落；天冠、巾幘、黼黻、名服不能常好，流水不能常滿；放火曠野，火盛焰赫不久則滅；暴風、疾雨、雷電霹靂，斯臾之間霍然不見，日欲出時星無精光，日之盛明照于天下不久則冥，世間無常亦復如是。喻如四面有大石山，上下皆有六山俱到同時共合，其中人物含血之類，無有豪賤皆當糜碎。
「人有四事不可得止：老至體枯、病來心惱、身死神去、所有珍寶皆當棄捐不可得保，此四一至不可得離無避逃處，非口所能守請陳謝，不可財許求哀得解。是時，所有名象、良馬、珍寶、壯士、群臣、百官護導前後，孰能為王排卻之者？王寧見師子，獸中最猛，遙見群鹿意欲所取，便前搏撮裂食其肉，如斯之痛安可言乎？命如師子取群鹿時，人命欲終身體不寧，血脈為消面色為變，命日欲促，五藏不治不思飲食，雖有神咒、良醫、善藥不能使愈。口為妄語，其所索者家室恣之，身體皆痛如被掠治，手足抂攘骨節慾解，口乾息極羸瘦困劣，不能起居坐臥
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 無長存者。
『年少會老，強健必病，所有有血氣的生命都終將死亡。珍寶、妻子、家室，無論內外，都不可能永遠擁有。就像人在夢中見到殿堂、美好的園林、樹木、花果、池水、流動的泉水，在其中游戲，快樂到極點，醒來后卻突然什麼都不知道在哪裡。看到世間所有的一切都像人的夢境一樣。
『大王您看到樹木開花結果，花果不可能永遠掛在樹上，青翠的葉子終究會枯萎凋落；華麗的帽子、頭巾、精美的禮服也不可能永遠保持美好，流水不可能永遠充盈；在曠野放火，火勢再旺盛，火焰再猛烈，不久也會熄滅；暴風、急雨、雷電霹靂，轉眼之間就會消失不見，太陽將要升起時，星星的光芒就黯淡無光，太陽的光輝照耀天下，不久也會進入黑暗，世間萬物無常也是如此。好比四面都是巨大的石山，上下又有六座山同時崩塌匯合，其中的人和所有有血氣的生命，無論地位高低貴賤，都將被碾成粉末。
『人有四件事無法阻止：衰老到來身體枯萎，疾病來襲內心煩惱，身死神識離去，所有珍寶都將被拋棄，無法保全。這四件事一旦到來就無法擺脫，沒有地方可以逃避，不是口頭上的祈求道歉就能避免的，也不是用金錢賄賂、哀求就能得到解脫的。這時，所有名貴的象、良馬、珍寶、強壯的武士、群臣、百官在前後護衛，誰能為大王您排除這些呢？大王您看到獅子，是野獸中最兇猛的，遠遠地看到一群鹿，想要捕食它們，便上前搏鬥，撕裂吞食它們的肉，這樣的痛苦怎麼能說得出來呢？生命就像獅子捕食群鹿的時候，人的生命將要終結時，身體會感到不安寧，血液循環衰竭，面色改變，生命的日子越來越短促，五臟功能失調，不想吃喝，即使有神奇的咒語、高明的醫生、靈驗的藥物，也不能使他痊癒。口中胡言亂語，對於他所要求的，家人都順從他，身體各處都疼痛，就像被拷打一樣，手腳亂動，骨節好像要散開，口乾舌燥，氣息微弱，極其虛弱困頓，不能起身坐立』
【English Translation】 English version Nothing is Permanent.
『Youth will age, strength will sicken, all creatures with blood will eventually die. Treasures, wives, family, both inside and outside the home, cannot be possessed forever. It is like a person dreaming of palaces, beautiful gardens, trees, flowers, ponds, and flowing springs, playing in them with boundless joy, but upon waking, suddenly knows nothing of their whereabouts. Seeing all that exists in the world is like a person's dream.』
『O King, you see trees with blossoms and fruits, but the blossoms and fruits cannot remain on the tree forever, and the green leaves will eventually wither and fall; the heavenly crown, turban, embroidered garments, and famous robes cannot always remain beautiful, and flowing water cannot always remain full; setting fire to a wilderness, the fire may be strong and the flames fierce, but it will not be long before it is extinguished; violent winds, heavy rains, thunder, and lightning, in an instant, disappear without a trace. When the sun is about to rise, the stars lose their brilliance, and the sun's bright light shines upon the world, but it will not be long before it darkens. The impermanence of the world is also like this. It is like having great stone mountains on all four sides, and six mountains above and below all collapsing and merging at the same time, crushing all the people and creatures with blood within them, regardless of their status, into powder.』
『There are four things that a person cannot stop: old age arriving and the body withering, illness coming and the mind becoming troubled, the body dying and the spirit departing, and all treasures being abandoned and unable to be preserved. Once these four things arrive, they cannot be escaped, there is no place to flee, and they cannot be avoided by mere verbal pleas or apologies, nor can they be resolved by bribery or begging for mercy. At this time, all the famous elephants (name-bearing elephants), fine horses, treasures, strong warriors, ministers, and officials guarding before and behind, who can ward off these things for the King? O King, you see the lion (Simha), the fiercest of beasts, seeing a herd of deer from afar, wanting to seize them, it then goes forward to fight, tearing and devouring their flesh. How can such pain be described? Life is like when a lion seizes a herd of deer, when a person's life is about to end, the body will feel uneasy, the blood circulation will fail, the complexion will change, the days of life will become shorter and shorter, the functions of the five organs will be disordered, and one will not want to eat or drink. Even if there are miraculous mantras, skilled doctors, and effective medicines, they cannot heal him. The mouth speaks nonsense, and whatever he asks for, the family complies with him, the body aches all over as if being tortured, the hands and feet flail about, the joints seem to be coming apart, the mouth is dry, the breath is weak, and he is extremely weak and exhausted, unable to rise, sit, or lie down.』
須人；若得良藥糜粥甘食人當含之，必復苦極筋脈欲絕，但有出氣無復報入，唇燥乾焦，正氣竭盡邪氣在處；舌稍卻縮面目無色，耳鼻閉塞不聞聲香，手足拘攣筋急，口噤欲言不能，手或把空莫索邊傍，白汗目淚流出相續，心意著痛識轉消滅無所復知，熅去身冷魂神去矣。所有珍寶、父母、兄弟、妻子，內外知識、奴婢皆當棄捐，隨行獨去不知所到，世間雖樂不得久留。
「王當是時當何恃怙？唯有孝順慈養二親，供事高行清潔沙門，見凡老人當尊敬之，所有財寶與民同歡，當以慈心施惠於民，無以讒言殘害民命，為王之法當宣聖道，教民為善，唯守一心，心存三尊。王者如斯，諸聖咨嗟，天、龍、鬼神擁護其國，生有榮譽死得上天。
「身死神去，當何所恃？惟恃善耳。火盛煒煒恃水滅之，飢渴之人惟恃水谷，老恃機杖，盲恃有目，冥恃燈火，疾病困篤恃良醫藥，船行巨海風浪盛猛恃彼榜櫓，道有盜賊恃藏匿處。身死神去惟恃修善，猶逢彼難各恃其事，以自拔濟宗室獲安。王無以為樂飲食極味，游居自在不可常得，飽滿皆當消散不可常得，好香涂身苾芬括鼻，珠璣瓔珞奕奕曜目，水陸好華以為校飾，金縷織成以為名服：白毳衣、文繡衣、雜綵衣、無極衣、細疊衣、細緻衣、錦綾衣，此皆無常不可久保。
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本： 『如果有人病重，即使給他最好的藥物、米粥和美味食物，他也會含在嘴裡無法下嚥。必然會痛苦到極點，筋脈幾乎斷絕，只有出氣沒有進氣，嘴唇乾燥焦裂，正氣耗盡，邪氣佔據全身。舌頭稍微后縮，面色蒼白，耳朵鼻子閉塞，聽不見聲音，聞不到氣味，手腳抽搐拘攣，筋脈緊張，嘴巴緊閉想說也說不出來，手有時會胡亂抓撓，四處摸索，冷汗和眼淚不停流出，心意疼痛，意識逐漸消失，什麼都不知道了，體溫散失，身體冰冷，靈魂離開了。所有的珍寶、父母、兄弟、妻子，內外親友、奴婢都將被拋棄，獨自離去，不知道去哪裡，世間的快樂雖然美好，卻不能長久停留。
『大王，到那時您能依靠什麼呢？只有孝順慈愛地贍養父母，供養品德高尚、行為清凈的沙門（出家修道的人），見到年長的老人應當尊敬他們，將所有的財富與百姓共同分享，應當以慈悲之心施恩於民，不要用讒言殘害百姓的性命，作為君王的法則應當宣揚聖人的教誨，教導百姓行善，一心向善，心中敬奉佛、法、僧三寶（三尊）。君王如果這樣做，諸位聖賢都會讚歎，天神、龍神、鬼神都會擁護他的國家，活著的時候享有榮譽，死後可以升到天界。
『身死神去之後，又能依靠什麼呢？只有依靠善行。火勢旺盛，依靠水來熄滅它，飢渴的人依靠水和食物，年老的人依靠枴杖，盲人依靠眼睛，黑暗中依靠燈火，疾病纏身的人依靠良藥，船在巨浪滔天的大海中航行依靠船槳，道路上有盜賊依靠藏身之處。身死神去之後，只有依靠修善，就像遇到困難時各自依靠不同的事物，才能自救，宗族才能獲得安寧。大王不要沉迷於享樂、美味的飲食，自由自在的生活不可能長久，吃飽喝足都會消散，不可能長久，用美好的香料塗抹身體，香氣撲鼻，用珍珠美玉裝飾身體，光彩奪目，用水陸出產的美麗花朵來裝飾，用金線織成的名貴衣服：白色的細毛衣服、繡花衣服、各種顏色的衣服、無極衣、細疊衣、細緻衣、錦綾衣，這些都是無常的，不可能長久保持。』
【English Translation】 English version: 『If a person is seriously ill, even if they are given the best medicine, rice porridge, and delicious food, they will hold it in their mouth and be unable to swallow. They will inevitably suffer to the extreme, their muscles and veins almost severed, with only exhalation and no inhalation, their lips dry and cracked, their vital energy exhausted, and evil energy occupying their entire body. Their tongue will slightly retract, their complexion will be pale, their ears and nose will be blocked, unable to hear sounds or smell odors, their hands and feet will twitch and cramp, their muscles tense, their mouth tightly closed, unable to speak, their hands will sometimes grasp randomly, groping around, cold sweat and tears will flow continuously, their mind will be in pain, their consciousness will gradually disappear, and they will know nothing, their body temperature will dissipate, their body will be cold, and their soul will depart. All treasures, parents, brothers, wives, inner and outer relatives and friends, and servants will be abandoned, and they will leave alone, not knowing where they are going. Although the pleasures of the world are wonderful, they cannot be enjoyed for long.
『Your Majesty, what can you rely on at that time? Only filial piety and loving care for your parents, offering to virtuous and pure Shramanas (ascetics), respecting elderly people, sharing all wealth with the people, and bestowing kindness on the people with a compassionate heart. Do not harm the lives of the people with slanderous words. As the law of a king, you should propagate the teachings of the saints, teach the people to do good, be single-minded in goodness, and revere the Three Jewels (Triratna). If a king does this, all the sages will praise him, and gods, dragons, and spirits will protect his country. He will enjoy honor in life and ascend to heaven after death.
『After death and the departure of the spirit, what can one rely on? Only good deeds. A raging fire relies on water to extinguish it, a hungry and thirsty person relies on water and grain, an old person relies on a cane, a blind person relies on eyes, darkness relies on lamps, a person suffering from illness relies on good medicine, a ship sailing in a stormy sea relies on oars, and a road with thieves relies on hiding places. After death and the departure of the spirit, one can only rely on cultivating goodness, just as one relies on different things when encountering difficulties, in order to save oneself and bring peace to the clan. Your Majesty, do not indulge in pleasure, delicious food, and a life of freedom, as these cannot last long. Eating and drinking to satisfaction will all dissipate and cannot last long. Applying fragrant perfumes to the body, with a fragrant aroma, adorning the body with pearls and jade, dazzling the eyes, using beautiful flowers from land and water for decoration, and wearing precious clothes woven with gold thread: white wool clothes, embroidered clothes, clothes of various colors, Wuji clothes, Xidie clothes, Xizhi clothes, and brocade clothes, all of these are impermanent and cannot be kept for long.』
「宮觀高臺華闕殿舍，黃金、白銀、七寶床㯓，氍毹𣰅㲪綩綖細軟以藉身體，七寶織成文繡綾綺以為幃帳，柱樑殿戶雕文刻鏤，燒眾雜香遊戲其中，斯皆無常不可久保。
「琴瑟、箏笛眾音集聚，歌舞倡伎眾音盈耳快樂可言，斯亦無常，如幻如夢不得久保。像馬寶車光目之觀，王一出時椎鐘鳴鼓驛導前後，王乘羽蓋之車侍者持幢，翠毛䳰羽雕文其柄以拂塵土，治填道路丹畫欄楯，眾民所觀無不敬畏，好華名香皆以迎王，稱壽萬歲斯亦難保。
「王寧見人慾死時不？諸家內外聚會其邊，椎胸呼天皆云奈何，喐吚哽咽淚下交流，嗚呼痛哉神靈獨逝：『舍吾如之乎！』聞之者莫不傷心，睹之者莫不助哀。載之出城捐于曠野，飛鳥走獸摑[列/手]食之，身中有蟲還食其肉，日炙風飄骨皆為干，往昔諸王尊榮豪貴，隱隱闐闐亦如大王，今日霍然不復見之。此皆無常之明驗也。古常如此況於今日，王熟思之無念淫妷，無受佞言證人入罪，當受忠諫治以節度，當畏地獄酷治之痛，諸含血之蟲皆貪生活不當殺之。」
佛說經竟，王意即解，愿為弟子。即受五戒，頭面著地，為佛作禮。
佛說諫王經
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 『宮殿、高臺、華麗的樓閣殿宇，用黃金、白銀、七寶裝飾的床榻，鋪著精美的地毯和柔軟的墊子來安放身體，用七寶織成的繡著花紋的綾羅綢緞做成帷帳，柱子、房梁、殿門都雕刻著精美的花紋，在其中焚燒各種香料，享受遊戲，這些都是無常的，不可能長久保持。 『琴瑟、箏笛等各種樂器匯聚，歌舞伎的歌聲充滿耳畔，快樂無比，這些也都是無常的，如同幻覺和夢境一樣，不可能長久保持。大象、駿馬、寶車，光彩奪目，國王出行時，敲鐘鳴鼓，驛站在前後引導，國王乘坐裝飾著羽毛的華麗車子，侍從拿著旗旛，用翠鳥的羽毛裝飾的拂塵拂去塵土，修繕道路，用紅色顏料涂畫欄桿，百姓觀看，無不敬畏，用美好的鮮花和名貴的香料來迎接國王，祝願萬壽無疆，這些也都是難以保持的。 『大王您是否見過人臨死時的情景？家裡的內外親屬都聚集在他的身邊，捶胸頓足，呼天搶地，都說『怎麼辦啊！』哭泣哽咽，淚流滿面，悲痛地呼喊『哎呀，太痛苦了，神靈獨自離去了，拋下我們該怎麼辦啊！』聽到的人沒有不傷心的，看到的人沒有不幫助哀悼的。用車載著屍體出城，丟棄在荒野，飛鳥走獸啄食屍體，身體里的蟲子也啃食他的肉，太陽暴曬，風吹雨打，骨頭都風乾了。從前那些尊貴榮耀的國王，人來人往，熱鬧非凡，也像大王一樣，今天突然就不見了。這些都是無常的明顯驗證啊。過去一直如此，更何況是今天，大王您要仔細思考，不要沉迷於淫樂，不要聽信奸佞的讒言，冤枉好人，要接受忠臣的勸諫，用節制來治理國家，要畏懼地獄的酷刑，所有有血的生物都貪戀生命，不應該殺害它們。』 佛說完這部經，國王立刻領悟，願意做佛的弟子。於是接受了五戒，頭面著地，向佛行禮。 《佛說諫王經》
【English Translation】 English version 『Palaces, high platforms, magnificent pavilions and halls, beds adorned with gold, silver, and the seven treasures, exquisite carpets and soft cushions to rest the body, brocade and silk woven with the seven treasures as curtains, pillars, beams, and doors carved with intricate patterns, burning various fragrant incense and enjoying games within—all these are impermanent and cannot be preserved for long.』 『The gathering of various musical instruments such as zithers, harps, and flutes, the sounds of singing and dancing filling the ears with joy—these too are impermanent, like illusions and dreams, and cannot be preserved for long. Elephants, horses, and precious carriages, a dazzling sight, when the king goes out, bells are rung and drums are beaten, with post stations guiding the way before and behind. The king rides in a carriage adorned with feathers, attendants holding banners, dusters decorated with kingfisher feathers to sweep away dust, roads repaired and railings painted red, the people watching with reverence and awe, offering beautiful flowers and precious incense to welcome the king, wishing him ten thousand years of life—these too are difficult to preserve.』 『Has the king ever seen the scene of a person dying? Family members, both inside and outside the household, gather around him, beating their chests and crying out to the heavens, all saying, 『What to do!』 Sobbing and choking, tears streaming down their faces, lamenting, 『Alas, how painful, the spirit departs alone, leaving us, what shall we do!』 Those who hear it cannot help but be saddened, those who see it cannot help but offer condolences. The body is carried out of the city and abandoned in the wilderness, birds and beasts peck at it, insects within the body also eat its flesh, the sun scorches and the wind blows, the bones all dry up. The kings of the past, with their honor and glory, bustling and crowded, were also like the king, but today they are suddenly gone. These are all clear proofs of impermanence. It has always been so in the past, let alone today. The king should think carefully, do not indulge in lustful pleasures, do not listen to the slanderous words of flatterers, do not wrongly accuse innocent people, but accept the advice of loyal ministers, govern with moderation, and fear the pain of the cruel punishments of hell. All creatures with blood desire life and should not be killed.』 After the Buddha finished speaking this sutra, the king immediately understood and wished to become a disciple of the Buddha. He then received the five precepts, prostrated himself on the ground, and paid homage to the Buddha. The Sutra of the Buddha's Admonishment to the King