T14n0528_佛說菩薩逝經
大正藏第 14 冊 No. 0528 佛說菩薩逝經
No. 528 [Nos. 526, 527]
佛說菩薩逝經
西晉沙門白法祖譯
佛在鷂山中，與諸比丘五百人，皆阿羅漢，平旦皆著衣持缽，入城各行求食。
時，城中有一豪富長者，國中第一所居，高燥舍宅樓觀甚好，垣墻周匝七重門，字檀尼加柰。檀尼加柰有子，字逝，年十六。檀尼加柰歿故，逝獨與母居。
佛到檀尼加柰家求食。時，逝在內第三門中住。遙見佛來歡喜，逝即心念言：「是人何以端正無比好乃爾？好如明月珠，光明如日月，其色如黃金，好如月十五日盛滿。」
時佛到，住于門外。逝便走入，語其母言：「我見一人來，大端正好，天下無有輩，我生以來未嘗見人如是，今在門外住，欲求食。」逝語其母言：「我當與之。」
其母大慳貪不肯與，逝語其母言：「夫天下人慳貪無益於身，是非恒人，當與之。」
母復不應，逝復語母言：「是人過度天下之師也，與是人者如病者得善醫。」
逝語母言：「當用我故與之，是人名聞于天下，今續在門外住。」
其母復不肯與，逝數語母，母大瞋恚語逝言：「汝嬈我不止者令我煩亂，是人不用食故來，但欲調
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 《佛說菩薩逝經》
西晉沙門白法祖譯
佛陀在鷂山中，與五百位比丘在一起，他們都是阿羅漢。清晨，他們都穿好衣服，拿著缽，進入城中各自乞食。
當時，城中有一位豪富的長者，是國內首屈一指的富戶。他所居住的地方地勢高而乾燥，房屋樓閣非常精美，周圍有七重圍墻，他的名字叫檀尼加柰（Dhananjaya，人名）。檀尼加柰有一個兒子，名叫逝（Vaisheshika，人名），年方十六歲。檀尼加柰去世后，逝獨自與母親居住。
佛陀來到檀尼加柰家乞食。當時，逝在內第三道門中。他遠遠地看見佛陀前來，心中非常歡喜。逝心想：『這個人為什麼如此端正無比，如此美好呢？他的美好如同明月珠，光明如同日月，膚色如同黃金，如同月亮在十五日時那樣圓滿。』
這時，佛陀到達，站在門外。逝便跑進去，告訴他的母親說：『我看見一個人來了，非常端正美好，天下沒有可以相比的。我自從出生以來，從未見過這樣的人，現在他在門外，想要乞食。』逝對他的母親說：『我應當給他食物。』
他的母親非常慳吝，不肯給。逝對他的母親說：『天下人慳吝對自身沒有好處，這個人不是普通人，應當給他食物。』
母親仍然不答應。逝又對母親說：『這個人是超越世間的導師，供養這個人就像病人得到良醫一樣。』
逝對母親說：『就爲了我的緣故給他食物吧，這個人名聞天下，現在還在門外等候。』
他的母親仍然不肯給，逝多次勸說母親，母親非常生氣，對逝說：『你這樣沒完沒了地打擾我，讓我心煩意亂。這個人不是爲了食物而來，只是想調戲你。』
【English Translation】 English version The Buddha Speaks of Vaisheshika Sutra
Translated by the Shramana Bai Fazu of the Western Jin Dynasty
The Buddha was in Vulture Peak Mountain, with five hundred Bhikshus, all of whom were Arhats. At dawn, they all put on their robes, carried their bowls, and entered the city to seek alms individually.
At that time, there was a wealthy householder in the city, the foremost in the country. His residence was high and dry, with very beautiful houses and pavilions, surrounded by seven layers of walls, named Dhananjaya (Dhananjaya, person's name). Dhananjaya had a son named Vaisheshika (Vaisheshika, person's name), sixteen years old. After Dhananjaya passed away, Vaisheshika lived alone with his mother.
The Buddha arrived at Dhananjaya's house to seek alms. At that time, Vaisheshika was staying in the third inner gate. Seeing the Buddha coming from afar, he was very happy. Vaisheshika thought to himself: 'Why is this person so upright and unparalleled, so beautiful? His beauty is like a bright moon pearl, his light is like the sun and moon, his color is like gold, as beautiful as the full moon on the fifteenth day.'
At this time, the Buddha arrived and stood outside the gate. Vaisheshika then ran in and told his mother, 'I saw a person coming, extremely upright and beautiful, unmatched in the world. Since I was born, I have never seen such a person. Now he is standing outside the gate, wanting to seek alms.' Vaisheshika said to his mother, 'I should give him food.'
His mother was very stingy and unwilling to give. Vaisheshika said to his mother, 'The stinginess of people in the world is of no benefit to themselves. This person is not an ordinary person, we should give him food.'
The mother still did not respond. Vaisheshika again said to his mother, 'This person is a teacher who transcends the world. Giving to this person is like a sick person getting a good doctor.'
Vaisheshika said to his mother, 'For my sake, give him food. This person is famous throughout the world, and is still waiting outside the gate.'
His mother still refused to give. Vaisheshika repeatedly persuaded his mother, and the mother became very angry, saying to Vaisheshika, 'If you keep bothering me, you will make me upset. This person did not come for food, but just wants to tease you.'
若耳，若小兒當何等知？若所索不止，會得我捶杖乃止。」
佛豫知母慳貪，佛放威神徹照七重門內，逝見佛光明心即開解。逝即復到母所，語其母言：「愚人不知佈施，譬如盲人墮於火中，其人但坐盲無目故耳。世間人但坐慳貪，心念惡、口言惡、身行惡，愚人不信于佛、不信于經，死後皆入地獄畜生鬼神中。人不慳貪，身行善、口言善、心念善，續自得其福，人有智者當供養飯食佛，人常當與智者相隨令人有知。」
逝語母言：「不肯與者，自持我今日飯分來，我今日不食，自持我分與之，哀疾持我分來，我恐是人便棄我去，是人難得值。」
母復不肯與，逝便自往取飯及所著細好褻衣，持出至佛所前，以頭面著佛足，卻住叉手，白佛言：「持我所有衣被、飯食，愿上佛。」佛默然不應。逝復白佛言：「今佛是天下人之父母，當度脫我曹。哀為受之，當令我得其福。」如是者三。佛便受逝衣被飯食，逝大歡喜。
佛語逝言：「諸慳貪者若皆伏之，若今日施佛衣被、飯食，使若得心中所愿。」
逝大歡喜，復白佛言：「我心亦不願作第二忉利天王釋，亦不願梵天，亦不願世間豪貴，愿使我光明智慧如佛。」
佛言：「大善！若心所愿皆得之。」
天王釋聞逝言，即在佛
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本： 『如果（這個）小孩不聽話，應該怎麼教導他呢？如果他索要東西沒完沒了，（是不是）打他一頓就好了？』
佛陀預先知道逝（Sudatta，須達多，逝是他的昵稱）的母親慳吝貪婪，於是佛陀放出威神光明，照徹七重門內。逝見到佛陀的光明，內心立刻開悟。逝隨即回到母親那裡，對母親說：『愚蠢的人不知道佈施，就像盲人掉進火里，那人只是因為瞎了眼睛的緣故。世間人只是因為慳吝貪婪，心裡想的是惡事，口裡說的是惡語，身體做的也是惡行。愚蠢的人不相信佛，不相信經書，死後都會墮入地獄、畜生、鬼神道中。人不慳吝貪婪，身體行善，口裡說善語，心裡想善事，自然會得到福報。有智慧的人應當供養佛飯食，人應當經常與有智慧的人相處，使自己得到智慧。』
逝對母親說：『如果（您）不肯給，就把我今天的飯食拿來，我今天不吃，就把我的那份給他，可憐他生病。把我的那份拿來，我擔心這個人會拋棄我離去，這樣的人很難遇到。』
母親仍然不肯給，逝就自己去取了飯食，以及自己穿的細軟的好衣服，拿到佛陀面前，用頭面觸碰佛足，然後退後站立，合掌對佛說：『用我所有的衣服、被子、飯食，獻給佛陀。』佛陀默然不語。逝又對佛說：『現在佛陀是天下人的父母，應當救度我們。可憐我，接受這些供養，讓我得到福報。』這樣說了三次。佛陀便接受了逝的衣服、被子和飯食，逝非常歡喜。
佛陀對逝說：『如果所有慳吝貪婪的人都能像你一樣降伏自己的慳貪之心，今天你施捨給佛陀衣服、被子、飯食，會使你得到心中所愿。』
逝非常歡喜，又對佛說：『我的心也不願做第二忉利天王釋（Śakra，帝釋天），也不願做梵天，也不願做世間的豪門貴族，愿使我的光明智慧像佛陀一樣。』
佛陀說：『太好了！你心中所愿都會實現的。』
天王釋（Śakra，帝釋天）聽到逝說的話，立刻來到佛陀面前。
【English Translation】 English version: 'If the child is disobedient, how should he be taught? If his demands are endless, would it be right to beat him until he stops?'
The Buddha, knowing in advance that Sudatta (逝, Sudatta, 逝 is his nickname)'s mother was stingy and greedy, emitted a divine light that illuminated the sevenfold gates. When 逝 saw the Buddha's light, his heart immediately opened. 逝 then returned to his mother and said, 'Foolish people do not know how to give alms, like a blind person falling into a fire, simply because they are blind. People in the world are stingy and greedy, thinking evil thoughts, speaking evil words, and doing evil deeds. Foolish people do not believe in the Buddha, nor do they believe in the scriptures. After death, they will all fall into hell, the animal realm, or the realm of ghosts and spirits. If people are not stingy and greedy, but do good deeds with their body, speak good words with their mouth, and think good thoughts with their mind, they will naturally receive blessings. Wise people should offer food to the Buddha, and people should always associate with wise people to gain wisdom.'
逝 said to his mother, 'If you are unwilling to give, then take my portion of food for today. I will not eat today, but give my portion to him, and have pity on his illness. Take my portion, for I fear that this person will abandon me and leave, and such a person is hard to come by.'
His mother still refused to give, so 逝 himself went to take the food, as well as the fine and soft undergarments he was wearing, and brought them to the Buddha. He touched the Buddha's feet with his head and face, then stepped back and stood with his palms together, saying to the Buddha, 'I offer all my clothes, bedding, and food to the Buddha.' The Buddha remained silent. 逝 then said to the Buddha, 'Now the Buddha is the parent of all people in the world, and should deliver us. Have pity on me, accept these offerings, and let me receive blessings.' He said this three times. The Buddha then accepted 逝's clothes, bedding, and food, and 逝 was very happy.
The Buddha said to 逝, 'If all stingy and greedy people could subdue their stinginess and greed like you, today you have given clothes, bedding, and food to the Buddha, which will enable you to obtain what you desire in your heart.'
逝 was very happy and said to the Buddha, 'My heart does not wish to be the second Śakra (Śakra,帝釋天, the king of the Trāyastriṃśa Heaven), nor does it wish to be Brahmā, nor does it wish to be a wealthy and noble person in the world, but I wish that my light and wisdom would be like the Buddha's.'
The Buddha said, 'Excellent! All your heart's desires will be fulfilled.'
Śakra (Śakra,帝釋天, the king of the Trāyastriṃśa Heaven) heard what 逝 said and immediately came to the Buddha.
后叉手住，釋于佛前語逝言：「若欲求作佛者甚難得，十劫、百劫、千劫、萬劫、億劫尚未能得佛，今汝持小飯食、衣被與佛，汝便欲作佛，不可得也。」
釋復語逝言：「若持四寶如須彌山佈施，復慈心念天下，十萬劫、百萬劫、千萬劫，若尚未能得佛。」
逝報釋言：「譬如工師持斧入山斫樹木，會當索取好直可意，乃取耳。」逝語釋言：「我亦不用一飯食、衣被與佛，故欲得作佛也。我常持善心、精進思惟不懈，會當得佛。」
釋復報逝言：「若欲求佛勤苦，不如求梵釋天也。」
逝復報釋言：「若見閻浮利內，悉令滿其中火上至天，持我身投其中，會求作佛終不止。」
釋報言：「若令閻浮利內滿其中火，是中有人民、畜生及蜎蜚蠕動之類，汝不當殺之，汝反心念惡，當入地獄中，汝當那得佛？」
逝復報言：「世間人民及蜎蜚蠕動之類，我持慈心皆付彌勒佛，彌勒佛自當度脫之，我求佛道會不止。」
逝復語釋言：「梵天王雖尊，會歸無常，無有脫于死者。」
釋便叉手，報逝言：「卿持心志堅，乃念欲求佛不止，卿亦會當得佛。」
逝復報釋言：「若莫恃天上自貢高，復有勝若者。」
逝言：「我持慈心精進不懈求佛者，會當得作佛。」
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 后叉手站立，釋（Śākyamuni，釋迦牟尼）對逝（a person's name，人名）說：『如果想要成佛是非常困難的，十劫、百劫、千劫、萬劫、億劫都未必能夠成佛。現在你拿一點飯食、衣物佈施給佛，就想成佛，這是不可能的。』 釋又對逝說：『如果用堆積如須彌山（Sumeru，佛教中的聖山）的四寶來佈施，又慈悲地為天下眾生著想，經歷十萬劫、百萬劫、千萬劫，也未必能夠成佛。』 逝回答釋說：『譬如工匠拿著斧頭進山砍伐樹木，一定會尋找價值高、合心意的木材才砍伐。』逝對釋說：『我也不是因為施捨一飯食、衣物給佛，才想要成佛的。我常常保持善良的心，精進地思考修行不懈怠，終究會成佛的。』 釋又回答逝說：『如果想要勤苦地求佛，不如去求梵釋天（Brahma and Indra，婆羅門教和印度教中的兩位天神）。』 逝又回答釋說：『即使看見整個閻浮利（Jambudvipa，我們所居住的世界）都充滿火焰，火勢直衝天空，我也會投入其中，一心求佛，絕不停止。』 釋說：『如果讓整個閻浮利都充滿火焰，其中有人民、畜生以及各種昆蟲蠕動的生物，你不應該殺害它們。你反而心生惡念，應當墮入地獄，你又怎麼能成佛呢？』 逝又回答說：『世間的人民以及各種昆蟲蠕動的生物，我以慈悲之心都託付給彌勒佛（Maitreya，未來佛），彌勒佛自然會度化他們，我求佛道的心絕不會停止。』 逝又對釋說：『梵天王（Brahma，創造之神）雖然尊貴，終究會歸於無常，沒有誰能逃脫死亡。』 釋便合掌，對逝說：『你心志堅定，一心想要求佛不停止，你終究會成佛的。』 逝又回答釋說：『不要仗恃在天上就自高自大，還有比你更殊勝的人。』 逝說：『我以慈悲之心精進不懈地求佛，終究會成佛的。』
【English Translation】 English version Then, standing with hands crossed behind his back, Shi (Śākyamuni) spoke to Shi (a person's name) before the Buddha, saying: 'If one desires to become a Buddha, it is extremely difficult. Even after ten kalpas, a hundred kalpas, a thousand kalpas, ten thousand kalpas, or a hundred million kalpas, one may still not attain Buddhahood. Now, you offer a small amount of food and clothing to the Buddha, and you expect to become a Buddha? That is impossible.' Shi further said to Shi: 'Even if one were to offer treasures equal to the size of Mount Sumeru (Sumeru, the sacred mountain in Buddhism) and cultivate compassion for all beings in the world, for hundreds of thousands of kalpas, millions of kalpas, or tens of millions of kalpas, one may still not attain Buddhahood.' Shi replied to Shi, saying: 'It is like a craftsman who takes an axe into the mountains to chop down trees, he will surely seek out valuable and desirable wood before cutting it down.' Shi said to Shi: 'I do not offer a single meal or clothing to the Buddha with the intention of becoming a Buddha. I constantly maintain a virtuous mind, diligently contemplate and practice without懈怠, and I will eventually attain Buddhahood.' Shi further replied to Shi, saying: 'If you seek Buddhahood through diligent effort and hardship, it would be better to seek Brahma and Indra (Brahma and Indra, two deities in Brahmanism and Hinduism).' Shi further replied to Shi, saying: 'Even if I were to see the entire Jambudvipa (Jambudvipa, the world we live in) filled with flames reaching up to the sky, I would throw myself into it, single-mindedly seeking Buddhahood, and I would never stop.' Shi said: 'If you were to fill the entire Jambudvipa with flames, there would be people, livestock, and various insects and crawling creatures within it. You should not kill them. If you instead generate evil thoughts, you should fall into hell. How then can you attain Buddhahood?' Shi further replied, saying: 'I entrust all the people in the world and the various insects and crawling creatures to Maitreya Buddha (Maitreya, the future Buddha) with a compassionate heart. Maitreya Buddha will naturally liberate them. My pursuit of the path to Buddhahood will never cease.' Shi further said to Shi: 'Although Brahma (Brahma, the creator god) is revered, he will ultimately return to impermanence. No one can escape death.' Shi then clasped his hands together and said to Shi: 'Your resolve is firm, and you are determined to seek Buddhahood without ceasing. You will eventually attain Buddhahood.' Shi further replied to Shi, saying: 'Do not rely on being in the heavens and become arrogant, for there are those who are more superior than you.' Shi said: 'I seek Buddhahood with a compassionate heart, diligently and tirelessly, and I will eventually attain Buddhahood.'
釋便默然，無所復語。
佛便語逝言：「汝前後所供養飯食凡六萬佛，汝心常愿欲作佛，汝常持善心供養于佛。」
佛語逝言：「卻後二百萬億劫，汝不復更地獄、畜生、鬼神中。」
佛復語逝言：「汝常持慈心供養佛，若后當作金輪王，當有十億小國王皆屬，若當領四天下常當飛行，所行皆正，壽盡當生梵天及兜術天上。天上壽盡，當復下生作金輪王，壽盡當覆上生梵天，如是上下二百萬億劫竟，汝當作佛字須彌加羅，度脫天上、天下人民。若生墮地，光明當照三千須彌山，上至二十八天，天地皆為大動，晝夜皆明。時人皆壽七千億歲，若身當長二百丈，當有萬二千城，城皆四百八十里，城門皆著刻鏤皆七寶。
「若為佛時，當再會諸沙門說經。第一會說經時，六千億沙門皆得阿羅漢道；第二會說經時，四千億沙門皆得阿羅漢道。當爾時，人民無有偷盜者，男子女人皆同一心，人民無有作惡者，諸惡道勤苦之處皆閉塞，亦無有山林溪谷，地皆平正。人民無有疾病、無有憂苦，人民皆快樂，所居皆自守，天日三雨才淹塵，人民欲所議語皆相聚會，夏月不大熱，冬月不大寒適得其中。
「所講授精舍名難提陀，若有人佈施與佛阿羅漢，欲求作佛、辟支佛、阿羅漢皆可得。佛道不可不求，
【現代漢語翻譯】 釋迦牟尼（釋迦牟尼佛）便沉默不語，沒有再說什麼。
佛陀便告訴逝（逝，人名）說：『你前後供養過六萬尊佛，你心中常愿想要成佛，你常常懷著善良的心供養佛陀。』
佛陀告訴逝說：『在經過二百萬億劫之後，你不會再墮入地獄、畜生、鬼神道中。』
佛陀又告訴逝說：『你常常懷著慈悲心供養佛陀，如果將來成為轉輪聖王（統治世界的理想君王），將會有十億小國王歸屬於你，如果統治四大部洲（佛教宇宙觀中的世界），常常可以飛行，所做所為都符合正道，壽命終結后將往生梵天（色界天的最高層）和兜率天（欲界天的第四層）。在天上壽命終結后，將再次下生為轉輪聖王，壽命終結后將再次往生梵天，這樣上下往復二百萬億劫之後，你將成佛，佛號為須彌加羅（須彌加羅，佛名），度脫天上、天下的人民。如果降生到地上，光明將照亮三千須彌山（佛教宇宙觀中的中心山），上至二十八天（佛教宇宙觀中的天界），天地都會為之震動，晝夜都光明。那時的人們壽命都有七千億歲，身高二百丈，將有一萬二千座城池，每座城池都有四百八十里，城門上都雕刻著七寶。』
『當成佛時，將再次召集眾沙門（出家修道者）宣講佛經。第一次宣講佛經時，六千億沙門都將證得阿羅漢道（佛教修行的一種果位）；第二次宣講佛經時，四千億沙門都將證得阿羅漢道。到那時，人民沒有偷盜的行為，男子女人都同心同德，人民沒有作惡的行為，各種惡道的痛苦之處都將關閉，也沒有山林溪谷，大地都平坦正直。人民沒有疾病、沒有憂愁痛苦，人民都快樂，所居住的地方都能自己守護，天上下三次雨水才淹沒塵土，人民想要商議事情都聚集在一起，夏天不太熱，冬天不太冷，恰到好處。』
『所講授佛法的精舍名為難提陀（難提陀，精舍名），如果有人佈施給佛陀和阿羅漢，想要成佛、辟支佛（不需依賴他人教導而能自行悟道的修行者）、阿羅漢都可以得到。佛道不可不追求。』
【English Translation】 English version: Shakyamuni (Shakyamuni Buddha) then remained silent and said nothing more.
The Buddha then said to Shi (Shi, a person's name): 'You have offered food to a total of sixty thousand Buddhas. You have always wished in your heart to become a Buddha, and you have always offered to the Buddhas with a kind heart.'
The Buddha said to Shi: 'After two hundred million trillion kalpas (an immense period of time in Buddhist cosmology), you will no longer be reborn in hell, as an animal, or among ghosts and spirits.'
The Buddha further said to Shi: 'You have always offered to the Buddhas with a compassionate heart. If you become a Chakravartin (an ideal universal ruler) in the future, you will have ten billion small kingdoms under your rule. If you rule over the four continents (the world in Buddhist cosmology), you will often be able to fly, and your actions will always be righteous. When your life ends, you will be reborn in the Brahma Heaven (the highest level of the Form Realm) and the Tushita Heaven (the fourth level of the Desire Realm). When your life in heaven ends, you will be reborn as a Chakravartin again. When that life ends, you will be reborn in the Brahma Heaven again. After two hundred million trillion kalpas of ascending and descending in this way, you will become a Buddha named Sumerukara (Sumerukara, the name of a Buddha), liberating the people of heaven and earth. If you are born on earth, your light will illuminate the three thousand Mount Sumerus (the central mountain in Buddhist cosmology), reaching up to the twenty-eight heavens (the heavens in Buddhist cosmology). Heaven and earth will shake greatly, and day and night will be bright. At that time, people will live for seven hundred trillion years and be two hundred fathoms tall. There will be twelve thousand cities, each four hundred and eighty li (a unit of distance) in circumference, and the city gates will be carved with the seven treasures.'
'When you become a Buddha, you will again gather the Sangha (monastic community) to preach the Dharma. During the first assembly, six hundred billion monks will attain Arhatship (a state of enlightenment in Buddhism); during the second assembly, four hundred billion monks will attain Arhatship. At that time, people will not steal, men and women will be of one mind, and people will not commit evil. The painful places of the evil realms will be closed off, and there will be no mountains, forests, or valleys; the earth will be flat and upright. People will have no diseases, no sorrows, and no suffering; people will be happy and live in self-sufficiency. Three rains will fall from the sky before the dust settles. People will gather together to discuss matters, and the summers will not be too hot, and the winters will not be too cold, but just right.'
'The monastery where the Dharma will be taught will be named Nandita (Nandita, the name of a monastery). If someone makes offerings to the Buddha and Arhats, they can attain Buddhahood, Pratyekabuddhahood (a solitary enlightened being), or Arhatship. The path to Buddhahood must be sought after.'
佛智不可稱量，十方無窮極，佛智亦如是，無有窮極，天下人不知生從何所來，亦不知死趣何道。」
佛說經已，逝及諸比丘、天王釋，皆為佛作禮。
佛說菩薩逝經
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：佛的智慧是無法估量的，就像十方世界一樣沒有邊際，佛的智慧也是如此，沒有窮盡。天下的人不知道從哪裡來，也不知道死後會去哪裡。
佛說完這部經后，逝（Bodhisattva's name）以及各位比丘、天王釋（Śakra, king of gods），都向佛行禮。
《佛說菩薩逝經》
【English Translation】 English version: The wisdom of the Buddha is immeasurable, just as the ten directions are infinite, so too is the Buddha's wisdom, without end. People in the world do not know where they come from in life, nor do they know which path they take in death.
After the Buddha finished speaking this sutra, 逝 (Bodhisattva's name) and all the Bhikshus, Śakra (Śakra, king of gods), all paid homage to the Buddha.
'The Sutra Spoken by the Buddha on Bodhisattva 逝'