T15n0590_佛說四天王經

大正藏第 15 冊 No. 0590 佛說四天王經

No. 590

佛說四天王經

宋涼州沙門智嚴共寶云譯

聞如是：

一時佛在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園。

佛告諸弟子：「慎爾心念，無愛六慾；漱情去垢，無求為首；內以清凈，外當盡孝；以四等心奉養所生；晨入尊廟，稽首悔過；朝稟暮誦，思經妙義；以佛重戒治心穢病；齋肅靜處，數息禪定；反流盡源，以求道真；壽命猶電，恍惚即滅。

「齋日責心、慎身、守口，諸天齋日伺人善惡。須彌山上即第二忉利天，天帝名因，福德巍巍，典主四天。四天神王即因四鎮王也，各理一方，常以月八日遣使者下，案行天下，伺察帝王、臣民、龍鬼、蜎蜚、蚑行、蠕動之類，心念、口言、身行善惡；十四日遣太子下；十五日四天王自下；二十三日使者復下；二十九日太子復下；三十日四王復自下。

「四王下者，日、月、五星、二十八宿，其中諸天僉然俱下。四王命曰：『勤伺眾生，施行吉兇。若於斯日歸佛、歸法、歸比丘僧；清心守齋，佈施貧乏；持戒，忍辱，精進，禪定；玩經散說，開化盲冥；孝順二親，奉事三尊；稽首受法，行四等心，慈育眾生者，具分別之以啟帝釋。』若多修德，精進不怠，釋及輔

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本聞如是（如是我聞）：一時，佛陀在舍衛國（Śrāvastī）的祇樹給孤獨園（Jetavana Anathapindika-arama）。佛陀告訴諸位弟子：『謹慎你們的心念，不要貪愛六慾（色、聲、香、味、觸、法）；洗滌情感去除污垢，以不強求為首要；內心保持清凈，外在應當盡孝道；以慈、悲、喜、舍四等心奉養父母；早晨進入寺廟，稽首懺悔過錯；早晨學習晚上背誦，思考經文的精妙含義；用佛陀所制定的重要戒律來治理內心的污穢疾病；齋戒肅靜地待在安靜的地方，用數息法進行禪定；反溯本源，窮盡根源，以求證真道；壽命如同閃電，轉眼間就會消逝。』『齋戒之日約束內心、謹慎身行、守護口舌，諸天在齋戒之日伺察人間的善惡行為。須彌山（Sumeru）上就是第二忉利天（Trāyastriṃśa），天帝名叫因陀羅（Indra），福德巍峨，掌管四天王。四天神王就是因陀羅的四鎮之王，各自管理一方，經常在每月的初八派遣使者地獄，巡視天下，伺察帝王、臣民、龍、鬼、蜎蜚（小蟲）、蚑行（爬行）、蠕動等各類眾生的心念、口中所說、身體所行是善是惡；十四日派遣太子地獄；十五日四天王親自地獄；二十三日使者再次地獄；二十九日太子再次地獄；三十日四天王再次親自地獄。』『四天王地獄時，日、月、五星、二十八宿等星辰中的諸天都會一同地獄。四天王命令說：『勤勉地伺察眾生，記錄他們的吉兇行為。如果有人在這些日子裡皈依佛、皈依法、皈依比丘僧；清凈身心遵守齋戒，佈施給貧困的人；持戒、忍辱、精進、禪定；研習經文並廣為宣說，開導那些盲昧無知的人；孝順父母雙親，奉事佛、法、僧三寶；稽首接受佛法，行慈、悲、喜、舍四等心，慈愛養育眾生，詳細地分辨這些善行並稟告帝釋（帝釋天）。』如果有人多修功德，精進不懈怠，帝釋（釋提桓因）以及輔

【English Translation】 English version Thus have I heard: At one time, the Buddha was in the Jetavana Anathapindika-arama in Śrāvastī (舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園). The Buddha told his disciples: 'Be mindful of your thoughts, do not crave the six desires (六慾) [form, sound, smell, taste, touch, and dharma]; cleanse your emotions and remove defilements, with non-seeking as the foremost; maintain inner purity, and outwardly fulfill filial piety; with the four immeasurable minds [慈、悲、喜、舍, loving-kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy, equanimity] serve your parents; enter the temple in the morning, prostrate and repent for your transgressions; study in the morning and recite in the evening, contemplate the profound meaning of the scriptures; use the Buddha's important precepts to cure the defilements and sicknesses of the mind; observe the precepts and stay quietly in a peaceful place, practice meditation by counting breaths; trace back to the source, exhaust the origin, in order to seek the truth of the Way; life is like lightning, vanishing in an instant.' 'On the days of fasting, restrain your mind, be cautious in your actions, and guard your speech, the devas observe people's good and evil deeds on the days of fasting. On Mount Sumeru (須彌山) is the second Trāyastriṃśa Heaven (忉利天), the emperor of heaven is named Indra (因陀羅), whose blessings and virtues are majestic, and who governs the Four Heavenly Kings. The Four Heavenly Kings are Indra's four guardian kings, each governing one direction, and they often send messengers down to the world on the eighth day of each month to inspect the world, observing the good and evil deeds of emperors, ministers, dragons, ghosts, small insects (蜎蜚), crawling creatures (蚑行), wriggling creatures, their thoughts, words, and actions; on the fourteenth day, they send the crown prince down; on the fifteenth day, the Four Heavenly Kings descend themselves; on the twenty-third day, the messengers descend again; on the twenty-ninth day, the crown prince descends again; on the thirtieth day, the Four Kings descend themselves again.' 'When the Four Heavenly Kings descend, the devas among the sun, moon, five planets, and twenty-eight constellations all descend together. The Four Heavenly Kings command: 'Diligently observe sentient beings, and record their good and bad deeds. If anyone on these days takes refuge in the Buddha, takes refuge in the Dharma, takes refuge in the Sangha; purifies their mind and observes the precepts of fasting, gives alms to the poor; upholds the precepts, practices patience, diligence, meditation; studies the scriptures and widely proclaims them, enlightening those who are blind and ignorant; is filial to their parents, serves the Three Jewels [佛、法、僧, Buddha, Dharma, Sangha]; prostrates and receives the Dharma, practices the four immeasurable minds, cherishes and nurtures sentient beings, carefully distinguish these good deeds and report them to帝釋 (Śakra/Indra).' If someone cultivates merit greatly and is diligent without懈怠, 帝釋 (Śakra/Indra) and his assistants

臣三十三人，僉然俱喜。

「釋敕伺命，增壽益算；遣諸善神，營護其身，隨戒多少。若持一戒，令五神護之；五戒具者，令二十五神營衛門戶，殃疫、眾邪、陰謀消滅；夜無惡夢；縣官、盜賊、水火、災變終而不害；禳禍滅怪。唯斯四等、五戒、六齋猶如大水而滅小火，豈有不滅者乎！臨其壽終，迎其魂神，上生天上七寶宮殿，無愿不得。

「若有不濟眾生之命、穢濁盜竊、淫犯他妻、兩舌惡罵、妄言綺語、厭禱咒詛、嫉妒恚癡、逆道不孝、違佛違法、謗比丘僧、善惡反論，有斯行者，四王以聞，帝釋及諸天僉然不悅，善神不復營護之，即令日月無光，星宿失度，風雨違時。

「以現世人慾其改往修來，洗心齋肅；首過三尊，四等養親；忠於帝王，慈心諫諍；盡誠無欺，反前修來；捐穢濁之操，就清凈之道。

「若有改邪行就正真者，帝釋及四王靡不歡喜。日月即清明，星宿有常；風雨順時，毒氣消歇；天降甘露，地出澤泉；水谷滋味，食之少病；華色奕奕，壽命益長；生不更牢獄，死得上生天上。福德所愿，自然飛行；存亡自在，項有日光；食自消化，無有便利之患；身中香潔，口氣苾芬。今日、月、星宿即諸天宮宅也！七寶殿堂懸處虛空，在意所志。壽終下生侯王之家，顏容煒燁，見

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本：三十三位天神（臣三十三人，指忉利天（Trayastrimsa）的三十三位天神），都非常歡喜。

『奉行帝釋天（釋，指帝釋天（Sakra）；敕，指命令）的命令，掌管壽命的神（伺命，指掌管壽命的神），可以增加壽命和福祿；派遣各位善神，來保護他們的身體，根據所持戒律的多少而定。如果持守一條戒律，就派五位神來守護；如果五條戒律都持守，就派二十五位神來守護門戶，使災禍、瘟疫、各種邪惡、陰謀詭計都消滅；夜晚沒有惡夢；官司、盜賊、水火、災變最終都不會造成傷害；消除災禍，消滅妖怪。只有這四等心（四等，指慈、悲、喜、舍四無量心）、五戒、六齋，就像大水滅小火一樣，怎麼會有不滅的呢！臨終的時候，迎接他們的魂神，讓他們往生到天上的七寶宮殿，沒有願望不能實現的。

『如果有人不救濟眾生的性命、行為污穢、偷盜、姦淫別人的妻子、兩舌惡罵、說謊花言巧語、用厭魅詛咒、嫉妒嗔恚愚癡、違背正道不孝順、違背佛法、誹謗比丘僧、善惡顛倒，有這些行為的人，四大天王（四王，指四大天王（Caturmaharajakayikas））會稟告帝釋天（帝釋），帝釋天（帝釋）和各位天神都會不高興，善神不再保護他們，就會使日月無光，星辰執行失常，風雨不按時節。

『這是爲了讓現在的人改正過去的錯誤，修持未來，洗滌心靈，齋戒恭敬；首先向佛、法、僧三寶（三尊，指佛、法、僧三寶）懺悔，用四等心（四等）供養父母；忠於帝王，用慈悲心勸諫；盡心誠意，沒有欺騙，改正以前的錯誤，修持未來；捨棄污穢的行為，走向清凈的道路。

『如果有人改正邪惡的行為，走向正道，帝釋天（帝釋）和四大天王（四王）沒有不歡喜的。日月就會清明，星辰執行有規律；風雨按時節，毒氣消散；天上降下甘露，地上涌出甘甜的泉水；水稻五穀滋潤有味，吃了很少生病；花朵顏色鮮艷，壽命增長；活著不再受牢獄之苦，死後能夠往生天上。福德和願望，自然飛行；存亡自在，頭頂有日光；食物自然消化，沒有大小便的煩惱；身體香潔，口氣芬芳。今日、月、星辰就是諸天的宮殿住宅啊！七寶殿堂懸掛在虛空中，隨心所愿。壽命終結后，下生到侯王之家，容顏光彩照人，見者歡喜。』

【English Translation】 English version: The thirty-three gods (臣三十三人, referring to the thirty-three gods of Trayastrimsa) were all delighted.

'Following the command of Sakra (釋敕, 釋 refers to Sakra, 敕 refers to command), the god who oversees lifespan (伺命, refers to the god who oversees lifespan) can increase lifespan and blessings; dispatch all the good spirits to protect their bodies, according to the number of precepts they uphold. If one upholds one precept, five gods are sent to protect them; if one upholds all five precepts, twenty-five gods are sent to guard the gate, so that calamities, plagues, all evils, and conspiracies are eliminated; there are no nightmares at night; lawsuits, thieves, water, fire, and disasters will ultimately not cause harm; ward off disasters and eliminate monsters. Only these Four Immeasurables (四等, referring to the Four Immeasurables: loving-kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity), Five Precepts, and Six Days of Abstinence are like a great water extinguishing a small fire, how could there be anything that is not extinguished! When their life comes to an end, welcome their soul and spirit, and allow them to be reborn in the seven-jeweled palace in heaven, there is no wish that cannot be fulfilled.'

'If there are those who do not save the lives of sentient beings, are defiled and steal, commit adultery with other people's wives, engage in divisive speech and malicious cursing, lie and use flowery language, use witchcraft and curses, are jealous, angry, and foolish, go against the right path and are unfilial, violate the Buddha's teachings and the Dharma, slander monks and nuns, and reverse right and wrong, if there are those who engage in these actions, the Four Heavenly Kings (四王, referring to the Four Heavenly Kings (Caturmaharajakayikas)) will report to Sakra (帝釋), Sakra (帝釋) and all the gods will be displeased, and the good spirits will no longer protect them, which will cause the sun and moon to lose their light, the stars to deviate from their course, and the wind and rain to be out of season.'

'This is to allow people in the present world to correct their past mistakes, cultivate the future, cleanse their minds, and be respectful in fasting; first repent to the Triple Gem (三尊, referring to the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha), and nourish their parents with the Four Immeasurables (四等); be loyal to the emperor, and advise with compassion; be sincere and honest, without deception, correct past mistakes, and cultivate the future; abandon defiled behavior and embark on the path of purity.'

'If there are those who correct their evil deeds and embark on the true path, Sakra (帝釋) and the Four Heavenly Kings (四王) will all be pleased. The sun and moon will be clear, the stars will follow their regular course; the wind and rain will be in season, and poisonous air will dissipate; the heavens will send down sweet dew, and the earth will produce sweet springs; rice and grains will be nourishing and tasty, and eating them will result in fewer illnesses; the colors of flowers will be bright, and lifespan will be extended; living beings will no longer suffer in prison, and after death, they will be reborn in heaven. Blessings and wishes will naturally fly; existence and death will be free, and there will be sunlight on the head; food will be digested naturally, and there will be no suffering from bowel movements; the body will be fragrant, and the breath will be sweet. The sun, moon, and stars are the palaces and residences of the gods! The seven-jeweled palaces hang in the void, according to one's wishes. When life comes to an end, one will be reborn in the family of a marquis or king, with a radiant face, and those who see it will be delighted.'

者心歡，逢佛值法、賢聖，相連力行，不與罪會，必得泥洹。斯皆五戒、十善、撿情執欲、六齋使然！

「拘留秦佛時，人壽六萬歲，民性無為，護彼猶養己，平等無二。彼佛去世，正教衰薄；民無正行，以漸為惡；其壽日減，至於百歲。吾善逝后，民違佛教，無復孝子；伺命減算，壽日有減。天神不祐，兇疫、惡鬼日來侵害；災怪首尾，愿與意違，非禍縱橫。生罹王法之囹圄，死入地獄、餓鬼、畜生。若出為人，必為下賤。善惡追身，猶如五穀，隨其所種，獲其果實；亦如夜書，火滅字存。身死名滅，殃福不朽。慎護爾心、攝身、守口，五戒、十善可從得道。吾今得佛，積行所致！」

諸比丘聞經，皆大歡喜，稽首禮佛而去。

佛說四天王經

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本：內心喜悅，遇到佛、佛法和賢聖僧，持續努力修行，不與罪惡為伍，必定能夠證得涅槃（Nirvana，解脫）。這些都是因為奉行五戒、十善，約束情感慾望，持守六齋的緣故！『在拘留孫佛（Kakusandha Buddha）住世時，人們壽命長達六萬歲，民風淳樸，順應自然，愛護他人就像愛護自己一樣，平等沒有分別。拘留孫佛去世后，正法逐漸衰落；人們沒有正確的行為，逐漸變得邪惡；他們的壽命也日益減少，最終只有一百歲。我（釋迦牟尼佛，Sakyamuni Buddha）涅槃后，人們違背佛教教義，不再有孝順的子女；壽命隨著罪業而減少，壽命日益縮短。天神不再保佑，瘟疫和惡鬼每天都來侵擾；災難怪事接連發生，願望與現實相違背，意外的災禍不斷發生。活著的時候遭受王法的制裁，死後墮入地獄、餓鬼、畜生道。如果轉世為人，必定成為奴僕。善惡報應如影隨形，就像播種五穀，根據所播種的種類，收穫相應的果實；也像在夜晚寫字，火熄滅了字跡仍然存在。身體死亡，名字消失，但善惡的業報卻不會磨滅。謹慎守護你的心念，約束身行，謹守口舌，奉行五戒、十善就可以證得道果。我今天能夠成佛，也是長期積累善行的結果！』眾比丘聽聞佛陀的教誨，都非常歡喜，頂禮佛陀后離去。《佛說四天王經》

【English Translation】 English version: The heart rejoices, encountering the Buddha, the Dharma (teachings), and the Sangha (noble community), continuously striving in practice, not associating with sins, and will surely attain Nirvana (liberation). All of this is due to upholding the Five Precepts, the Ten Virtues, restraining emotions and desires, and observing the Six Fasting Days! 『During the time of Kakusandha Buddha (Kakusandha Buddha), people lived for sixty thousand years, and the people's nature was non-assertive, protecting others as if protecting themselves, equal without distinction. After that Buddha passed away, the true teachings gradually declined; people lacked righteous conduct and gradually became evil; their lifespan decreased day by day, eventually reaching only one hundred years. After my (Sakyamuni Buddha) Parinirvana (final departure), people will disobey the Buddha's teachings, and there will be no more filial children; lifespan will decrease with sins, and lifespan will shorten day by day. The gods will no longer protect, and plagues and evil spirits will come to invade every day; disasters and strange events will occur one after another, wishes will be contrary to reality, and unexpected disasters will occur constantly. While alive, they will suffer the punishment of the king's law, and after death, they will fall into hell, the realm of hungry ghosts, and the realm of animals. If they are reborn as humans, they will surely become servants. Good and evil follow the body like a shadow, just like sowing five grains, reaping the corresponding fruits according to the type sown; it is also like writing at night, the fire is extinguished but the words remain. The body dies, the name disappears, but the karmic consequences of good and evil do not perish. Carefully guard your mind, restrain your body, guard your speech, and upholding the Five Precepts and the Ten Virtues can lead to the attainment of the path. My attainment of Buddhahood today is also the result of accumulating good deeds over a long period of time!』 The Bhikkhus (monks) who heard the sutra were all very happy, bowed to the Buddha and departed. The Sutra of the Four Heavenly Kings Spoken by the Buddha