T15n0612_身觀經

大正藏第 15 冊 No. 0612 身觀經

No. 612

身觀經

西晉月氏國三藏竺法護譯

聞如是：

一時，佛在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園。是時佛告諸比丘：「是身有肌膚髓血肉，含滿𡱁溺，自視身見何等好？常有九孔惡病；常不凈常流，可足慚。常與冤家合，為至老死；亦與病俱，何以不惡？身會當墮、會當敗，以棄屍地中不復用，為狐狼所啖，何以見是不慚？誰說貪淫？如佛言：少可多罪，自心觀是。如屠桿屠機為骨聚；如然熾火；如毒藥痛為旋，癡人喜，為喜不自知。何以不畏羅網？貪淫為癡，財錢穀金銀牛馬奴婢，人為命故求。命在呼吸，本命亦自少，極壽百餘歲；亦苦合會。觀是，誰為可者？

「如時過去，便命稍少，命日俱盡；如疾河水，如日月盡，命疾是過去，人命去不復還，如是為不可得。人死時命去，設使若干財，索天下奇物亦一切有，死時對來亦不樂；亦不可厭；亦不可樂；亦不可自樂無餘。但可自作善。所自作善，所應自然。若以知會當死，當有何等樂？

「人可墮貪淫，設使久壽；設使亡去會當死。何以意愛俱樂？何以故？不念自靜，極意受悅。兒已死啼哭，不過十日，過十日已后，便稍忘之。愛兒婦亦爾！為家室親屬知識亦

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本《身觀經》

西晉月氏國三藏竺法護譯

我聽聞是這樣的：

一時，佛陀在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園（Jetavana Anathapindika-arama）。當時，佛陀告訴眾比丘：『這個身體有肌膚、骨髓、血液和肌肉，充滿糞便和尿液，自己觀察這個身體，有什麼值得喜歡的呢？它常常有九個孔竅流出污穢之物，經常是不乾淨的，不斷流出，實在令人慚愧。它常常與冤家（指衰老和死亡）相伴，直至衰老死亡；也與疾病相伴，為什麼不厭惡它呢？身體終將墮落、終將敗壞，被遺棄在尸陀林中不再被使用，被狐貍和狼吃掉，為什麼看到這些還不感到羞愧呢？誰會說貪戀淫慾呢？正如佛陀所說：少許的快樂可能帶來極大的罪過，要用心觀察這一點。它就像屠宰場的屠宰工具和屠宰臺，堆滿了骨頭；像燃燒的熾熱火焰；像毒藥帶來的痛苦旋轉，愚癡的人卻喜歡它，因為他們不知道自己喜歡的是什麼。為什麼不害怕羅網（指貪慾的束縛）呢？貪戀淫慾是愚癡的行為，人們爲了生命而追求財富、金錢、穀物、金銀、牛馬和奴婢。生命在於呼吸之間，原本生命就很短暫，即使活到一百多歲，也是痛苦的聚合。觀察這些，誰是真正值得貪戀的呢？』

『隨著時間的流逝，生命逐漸減少，生命的日子一天天耗盡；就像湍急的河水，像太陽和月亮一樣終將消逝，生命迅速地流逝，人的生命一去不復返，這樣看來是無法挽回的。人死的時候生命離去，即使擁有無數的財富，搜尋天下奇珍異寶，死的時候面對死亡的到來也不會感到快樂；也不會感到滿足；也不會感到快樂；也不會感到自我安慰，沒有剩餘的快樂。只能自己多做善事。自己所做的善事，自然會得到回報。如果知道自己終將死亡，還會有什麼快樂呢？』

『人可能會沉溺於貪淫，即使活得很久；即使死去，終究會死亡。為什麼還要如此喜愛聚會享樂呢？為什麼不念及自身的清凈，極盡所能地享受快樂呢？孩子死了，哭泣的時間不會超過十天，過了十天之後，就會漸漸忘記。愛妻子也是如此！爲了家庭、親屬和朋友也是如此！』

【English Translation】 English version 《The Sutra on Contemplation of the Body》

Translated by Dharmaraksa, Tripiṭaka Master from the Yuezhi Kingdom of Western Jin Dynasty

Thus have I heard:

At one time, the Buddha was in the Jetavana Anathapindika-arama (祇樹給孤獨園) in Shravasti (舍衛國). At that time, the Buddha told the Bhikshus (比丘): 'This body has skin, marrow, blood, and flesh, filled with feces and urine. Looking at this body, what is there to like? It constantly has nine openings that discharge filth; it is constantly impure, constantly flowing, truly causing shame. It is constantly accompanied by enemies (referring to aging and death), until old age and death; it is also accompanied by illness. Why not detest it? The body will eventually fall, will eventually decay, and be abandoned in the charnel ground, no longer used, eaten by foxes and wolves. Why do you not feel ashamed when you see this? Who would speak of craving lust? As the Buddha said: A little pleasure can bring great sin; contemplate this in your mind. It is like the butcher's block and the slaughtering table, piled with bones; like a blazing fire; like the painful spinning caused by poison. Foolish people like it, because they do not know what they like. Why are you not afraid of the net (referring to the bondage of desire)? Craving lust is foolishness. People seek wealth, money, grain, gold, silver, cattle, horses, and servants for the sake of life. Life is in the breath, and life is originally short. Even if one lives to be over a hundred years old, it is still a painful aggregation. Observing these, who is truly worthy of craving?'

'As time passes, life gradually decreases, and the days of life are exhausted; like a rapid river, like the sun and moon that will eventually disappear, life passes quickly. Human life is gone and will not return; thus, it is impossible to recover. When a person dies, life departs. Even if one possesses countless wealth and searches for all the rare and precious things in the world, one will not feel happy when facing death; nor will one feel satisfied; nor will one feel happy; nor will one be able to comfort oneself, with no joy remaining. One can only do good deeds. The good deeds that one does will naturally be rewarded. If one knows that one will eventually die, what joy is there?'

'People may indulge in craving lust, even if they live a long time; even if they die, they will eventually die. Why do you still love to gather and enjoy pleasure so much? Why do you not think of your own purity, and enjoy pleasure to the fullest extent? When a child dies, the crying will not last more than ten days. After ten days, one will gradually forget. It is the same with loving a wife! It is the same for family, relatives, and friends!'

爾！

「以勤苦治生致財物，自愛身命綺好，人死時皆棄所有，身僵在地，下入于土，但為陰去，生隨行受形人；譬如樹果實已見，如是為有人意墮有中，天下一切果物，一人得不自足，若得一分，當那得自厭無有數？三十五樂自樂遍之，當爲有何等益？

「人已逢苦索受罪人意，為是所好，謂有所益，不欲受靜索為毒𧈭自身，如少多亦爾！如多少亦爾！如病為大小亦苦；譬如骨無有肉，狗得咬之不厭。如是欲狗習，是亦難得，已得當多畏之。是習所不久，人亦墮惡。如人見夢，已寤不復得，貪淫亦如是。劇夢如夢為有樂，如黑𧈭如鉤餌肉；如樹果實，實少味多，亡為增結，為惡作本，道家常不用。

「是人在天上舍樂，亦天上色樹；亦在端正好苑園；亦得天上玉女。已得天人，不厭天上五樂，今當那得厭天下樂耶？

「為取二百日骨，骨百二十段為筋纏；為九孔常漏；為六十三種；為百病極；為肉血和；為生革肌；為中寒熱風；為屎溺為千蟲，皆從身起，中亦有千孔。亦有劇，為親已壞他，為從是不凈出；從鼻中涕出；從口㵪唾出；從腋下汗流出；從下孔處屎溺出，如是皆從身出劇。塳間死人，誠可惡劇。舍后可惡處，身所有不凈如是，為不凈種，為從是本來如金涂余物，為衣故香粉脂澤

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本『你們要勤勞刻苦地謀生，積攢財物，愛惜自己的生命和美好的事物。但人死的時候，都會拋棄所有，身體僵硬地倒在地上，最終歸於塵土，只留下陰影離去，靈魂隨著業力轉世受生。這就像樹上的果實已經顯現。人總是心懷貪慾，天下所有的果實，一個人得到也不會滿足，即使得到一部分，又怎會感到厭足，沒有止境呢？即使享受了三十五種快樂，又能有什麼益處呢？』

『人們已經遭受痛苦，還要去尋找罪受，認為那是好的，是有益的，不願接受清靜，反而把毒藥當成自身所需，無論是少還是多，都一樣！就像疾病，無論是大還是小，都是痛苦的；就像沒有肉的骨頭，狗咬了也不會滿足。像這樣貪求慾望，是很難得到滿足的，即使得到了，也會更加害怕失去。這種習性不會長久，人也會因此墮落惡道。就像人做夢，醒來后就什麼也得不到，貪圖淫慾也是如此。沉迷於夢境，以為夢中有快樂，就像黑色的毒藥，像帶著魚餌的魚鉤；就像樹上的果實，果實少而味道濃烈，最終只會增加煩惱，成為作惡的根源，修道之人常常不使用這些。』

『這種人即使在天上舍棄了快樂，也仍然貪戀天上的彩色樹木；貪戀美好的苑囿；貪戀天上的玉女。已經得到了天人的享受，仍然不滿足於天上的五種妙樂，又怎麼會滿足於人間的快樂呢？』

『人的身體是由二百塊骨頭組成的，一百二十段骨頭用筋纏繞；有九個孔竅經常流出污物；有六十三種不凈物；是百病的聚集地；是肉和血的混合物；是面板和肌肉；是寒熱風的場所；是屎尿和千百種蟲子的來源，這些都從身體里產生，身體里也有無數的孔竅。身體里也有劇毒，爲了親近他人而毀壞自己，因為身體是不凈之物的來源：從鼻子里流出鼻涕；從嘴裡吐出唾沫；從腋下流出汗水；從下身的孔竅里排出屎尿，這些都是從身體里流出的污穢之物。墳墓間的死人，確實令人厭惡。捨棄身後那些令人厭惡的地方，身體里所有的不凈之物就是這樣，是不凈的種子，本來就是這樣，就像用金子塗抹其他東西，用衣服、香粉和油脂來掩蓋。』

【English Translation】 English version 『By diligently and laboriously managing their lives to acquire wealth, cherishing their own lives and beautiful things, people abandon everything at the time of death. Their bodies stiffen on the ground, descending into the earth, leaving only shadows behind. Their souls follow their karma, taking on new forms. It is like the fruits of a tree that have already appeared. People are always filled with desires, and all the fruits in the world are not enough to satisfy one person. Even if they obtain a portion, how can they ever feel content, without end? Even if they enjoy the thirty-five kinds of pleasures, what benefit will there be?』

『People have already encountered suffering, yet they seek out sin and suffering, thinking it is good and beneficial. They are unwilling to accept tranquility, instead regarding poison as something they need for themselves. Whether it is little or much, it is the same! Just like illness, whether it is big or small, it is painful. It is like a bone without meat; a dog can bite it without satisfaction. Like this, craving desires is difficult to satisfy, and even if one obtains them, they will fear losing them even more. This habit will not last long, and people will fall into evil paths because of it. It is like a person dreaming; once they wake up, they cannot get anything back. Greed for lust is also like this. Being immersed in dreams, thinking there is pleasure in dreams, is like black poison, like a fishhook with bait; like the fruits of a tree, the fruits are few but the taste is strong, ultimately only increasing troubles, becoming the root of evil. Those who cultivate the Way often do not use these things.』

『Even if such a person abandons pleasures in the heavens, they still crave the colorful trees in the heavens; they crave the beautiful gardens; they crave the jade maidens in the heavens. Having already obtained the enjoyment of heavenly beings, they are still not satisfied with the five celestial pleasures, so how can they be satisfied with the pleasures of the world?』

『The human body is composed of two hundred bones, with one hundred and twenty segments of bones wrapped with tendons; it has nine orifices that constantly leak impurities; it has sixty-three kinds of impure substances; it is the gathering place of hundreds of diseases; it is a mixture of flesh and blood; it is skin and muscle; it is a place of cold, heat, and wind; it is a source of feces, urine, and thousands of worms, all of which arise from the body, and there are countless orifices within the body. There is also poison within the body, destroying oneself in order to be close to others, because the body is the source of impure things: mucus flows from the nose; saliva comes from the mouth; sweat flows from the armpits; feces and urine are discharged from the lower orifices. All of these are impurities that flow from the body. The dead in the graveyard are truly disgusting. Abandoning those disgusting places after death, all the impurities within the body are like this, they are seeds of impurity, originally like this, like using gold to coat other things, using clothes, fragrant powders, and oils to cover them up.』

赤絮紺黛；為癡人見是為是意亂。如畫瓶赤如坑覆草，人所抱愛後會悔。」

比丘聞經跪拜受，道教如是。

身觀經

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本：紅色的絲絮和紺青色的顏料；這是愚癡的人認為是對的，心意迷亂。就像畫在瓶子上的紅色，又像坑上覆蓋的草，人們現在所喜愛，之後會後悔。

比丘聽聞佛經后跪拜接受，佛法教導就是這樣。

《身觀經》

【English Translation】 English version: 'Red floss and dark blue dye; this is what fools see as right, their minds confused. Like red painted on a vase, or grass covering a pit, what people cherish now, they will later regret.'

The Bhikshu (monk) heard the Sutra (scripture) and knelt to receive it, the Dharma (Buddhist teachings) teaches thus.

The Body Contemplation Sutra