T16n0685_佛說盂蘭盆經
大正藏第 16 冊 No. 0685 佛說盂蘭盆經
No. 685 [No. 686]
佛說盂蘭盆經
西晉月氏三藏竺法護譯
聞如是：
一時佛在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園。大目乾連始得六通，欲度父母，報乳哺之恩。即以道眼觀視世間，見其亡母生餓鬼中，不見飲食，皮骨連立。目連悲哀，即缽盛飯，往餉其母。母得缽飯，便以左手障飯，右手摶飯。食未入口，化成火炭，遂不得食。目連大叫，悲號啼泣，馳還白佛，具陳如此。
佛言：「汝母罪根深結，非汝一人力所奈何！汝雖孝順，聲動天地，天神、地神、邪魔、外道、道士、四天王神亦不能奈何！當須十方眾僧威神之力乃得解脫。吾今當爲汝說救濟之法，令一切難皆離憂苦，罪障消除。」
佛告目連：「十方眾僧於七月十五日僧自恣時，當爲七世父母及現在父母厄難中者，具飯、百味五果、汲灌盆器、香油錠燭、床敷臥具、盡世甘美以著盆中，供養十方大德眾僧。當此之日，一切聖眾或在山間禪定、或得四道果、或樹下經行；或六通自在、教化聲聞、緣覺；或十地菩薩大人、權現比丘，在大眾中；皆同一心，受缽和羅飯。具清凈戒聖眾之道，其德汪洋，其有供養此等自恣僧者，現在父母、七世父母
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本
大藏經第16冊 No. 0685 佛說盂蘭盆經
No. 685 [No. 686]
佛說盂蘭盆經
西晉月氏三藏竺法護譯
我聽到的是這樣的：
一時，佛陀在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園（Jetavana Anathapindika-arama）說法。大目乾連（Mahamaudgalyayana）尊者剛得到六神通，想要超度父母，報答乳哺之恩。他立即用道眼觀察世間，看見他已故的母親生在餓鬼道中，沒有飲食，皮包骨頭站立著。目連尊者非常悲哀，就用缽盛滿飯，去供養他的母親。他的母親得到缽飯，便用左手遮擋著飯，右手抓飯。食物還沒入口，就化成了火炭，最終沒能吃到。目連尊者大聲叫喊，悲號啼哭，跑回去稟告佛陀，詳細陳述了這件事。
佛陀說：『你母親的罪根深重，不是你一個人的力量所能解決的！你雖然孝順，聲動天地，天神、地神、邪魔、外道、道士、四天王神也不能解決！必須依靠十方眾僧的威神之力才能得到解脫。我現在當爲你講說救濟之法，令一切苦難都遠離憂愁痛苦，罪業消除。』
佛陀告訴目連尊者：『十方眾僧在七月十五日僧自恣（Pravāraṇā）時，應當為七世父母以及現在處於厄難中的父母，準備飯食、各種美味的食物、五種水果、汲水灌溉的盆器、香油燈燭、床鋪臥具、各種世間美好的食物放在盆中，供養十方大德眾僧。在這一天，一切聖眾或者在山間禪定、或者證得四道果（四沙門果，即須陀洹果、斯陀含果、阿那含果、阿羅漢果）、或者在樹下經行；或者六神通自在、教化聲聞、緣覺；或者十地菩薩大人、權且顯現為比丘，在大眾中；都同一心，接受缽羅飯（缽中的飯食）。具備清凈戒律的聖眾之道，他們的德行廣大深遠，凡是供養這些自恣僧的人，現在父母、七世父母
【English Translation】 English version
T16 No. 0685 The Buddha Speaks the Ullambana Sutra
No. 685 [No. 0686]
The Buddha Speaks the Ullambana Sutra
Translated by Dharmaraksa of the Yuezhi during the Western Jin Dynasty
Thus have I heard:
At one time, the Buddha was in the Jetavana Anathapindika-arama (祇樹給孤獨園) in Shravasti (舍衛國). The Venerable Mahamaudgalyayana (大目乾連) had just attained the six supernormal powers (六通) and desired to liberate his parents, repaying their kindness in raising him. Immediately, he used his divine eye to observe the world and saw his deceased mother reborn among the hungry ghosts (餓鬼), without food or drink, her skin and bones clinging together. Maudgalyayana was filled with sorrow and immediately filled a bowl with rice, intending to offer it to his mother. His mother received the bowl of rice, and with her left hand she shielded the rice, while with her right hand she grabbed the rice. Before the food could enter her mouth, it transformed into burning coals, and she was unable to eat. Maudgalyayana cried out loudly, weeping and wailing, and rushed back to report to the Buddha, detailing the matter.
The Buddha said, 'Your mother's roots of sin are deeply entrenched, and it is not something that your individual strength can resolve! Although you are filial, and your voice moves heaven and earth, the gods of heaven, the gods of earth, demons, heretics, Taoists, and the Four Heavenly Kings (四天王神) are also unable to resolve it! It requires the power of the assembled Sangha (眾僧) from the ten directions to attain liberation. I will now speak to you about the method of salvation, enabling all difficulties to be separated from sorrow and suffering, and karmic obstacles to be eliminated.'
The Buddha told Maudgalyayana, 'When the Sangha from the ten directions observes the Pravāraṇā (自恣) on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, they should prepare food, various delicacies, five kinds of fruits, water-pouring vessels, fragrant oil lamps and candles, beds and bedding, and all the world's finest delicacies in a basin, offering them to the virtuous Sangha from the ten directions. On this day, all the holy assembly, whether in meditation in the mountains, or having attained the four paths and fruits (四道果, i.e., the four stages of enlightenment: Srotapanna, Sakrdagamin, Anagamin, and Arhat), or walking under trees; or with the six supernormal powers freely teaching the Sravakas (聲聞) and Pratyekabuddhas (緣覺); or the great beings of the Ten Bhumis (十地) Bodhisattvas (菩薩), temporarily manifesting as Bhikshus (比丘) in the assembly; all with one mind, receive the bowl of food (缽羅飯). Possessing the path of the pure-precepted holy Sangha, their virtue is vast and profound. Those who make offerings to these Pravāraṇā Sangha, their present parents and seven generations of parents
、六種親屬得出三途之苦，應時解脫，衣食自然。若復有人父母現在者，福樂百年；若已亡七世父母，生天，自在化生，入天華光，受無量快樂。」時佛敕十方眾僧，皆先為施主家咒愿七世父母行禪定意，然後受食。初受盆時，先安在佛塔前，眾僧咒愿竟，便自受食。
爾時目連比丘及此大會大菩薩眾皆大歡喜，而目連悲啼泣聲釋然除滅。是時目連其母即於是日，得脫一劫餓鬼之苦。
爾時目連復白佛言：「弟子所生父母，得蒙三寶功德之力，眾僧威神之力故。若未來世一切佛弟子行孝順者，亦應奉此盂蘭盆，救度現在父母，乃至七世父母，為可爾不？」
佛言：「大善快問！我正欲說，汝今復問。善男子！若有比丘比丘尼、國王太子、王子大臣宰相、三公百官、萬民庶人行孝慈者，皆應為所生現在父母、過去七世父母，於七月十五日——佛歡喜日、僧自恣日——以百味飲食安盂蘭盆中，施十方自恣僧。乞愿便使現在父母壽命百年、無病，無一切苦惱之患，乃至七世父母離餓鬼苦，得生天人中，福樂無極。」
佛告諸善男子、善女人：「是佛弟子修孝順者，應唸唸中常憶父母，供養乃至七世父母。年年七月十五日，常以孝順慈憶所生父母，乃至七世父母，為作盂蘭盆，施佛及僧，以報父母長
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：六種親屬因此脫離三惡道的痛苦，應時得到解脫，衣食自然豐足。如果有人父母健在，就能享受百年的福樂；如果已經去世，那麼七世父母都能往生天界，自在化生，進入天華光中，享受無量的快樂。』當時，佛陀敕令十方眾僧，都先為施主家誦咒祈願七世父母能夠修行禪定，然後再接受供養。最初接受供養的器皿時，先安放在佛塔前，眾僧誦咒祈願完畢，然後自己才受用。
當時，目連比丘（Maudgalyayana，佛陀十大弟子之一，以神通著稱）以及大會上的大菩薩眾都非常歡喜，而目連悲傷哭泣的聲音也隨即消失。當時，目連的母親就在當天，得以脫離一劫的餓鬼之苦。
當時，目連又稟告佛陀說：『弟子所生的父母，能夠蒙受三寶（佛、法、僧）的功德之力，以及眾僧的威神之力。如果未來世的一切佛弟子行孝順之道，也應該奉行這盂蘭盆（Ullambana，一種佛教儀式，用於超度亡靈）法，救度現在的父母，乃至七世父母，可以這樣做嗎？』
佛陀說：『太好了，你問得好！我正想說這件事，你現在又來問。善男子！如果有比丘（bhiksu，出家男子）、比丘尼（bhiksuni，出家女子）、國王太子、王子大臣宰相、三公百官、萬民庶人行孝道慈悲之事，都應該為自己健在的父母、過去七世的父母，在七月十五日——佛歡喜日、僧自恣日（Pravāraṇa，僧眾在雨季安居結束時，互相檢舉過失的日子）——用各種美味飲食安放在盂蘭盆中，佈施給十方自恣僧。祈願能夠使現在的父母壽命百年、沒有疾病，沒有一切痛苦煩惱的憂患，乃至七世父母脫離餓鬼之苦，得以往生天人之中，享受無盡的福樂。』
佛陀告訴各位善男子、善女人：『這些佛弟子修習孝順之道的人，應該在念念之中常常憶念父母，供養乃至七世父母。每年七月十五日，常常以孝順慈悲之心憶念所生的父母，乃至七世父母，為他們做盂蘭盆法事，佈施佛和僧眾，以此來報答父母長養的恩德。』
【English Translation】 English version: The six kinds of relatives are thus freed from the suffering of the three evil paths, and are liberated in due course, with food and clothing provided naturally. If someone's parents are still alive, they will enjoy a hundred years of happiness; if they have already passed away, their seven generations of parents will be reborn in the heavens, spontaneously born at will, entering the light of heavenly flowers, and enjoying immeasurable happiness.' At that time, the Buddha instructed the Sangha (community of monks) of the ten directions to first chant blessings for the donor's family, wishing their seven generations of parents to practice meditative concentration, and then receive the offerings. When first receiving the bowl, it should be placed in front of the pagoda, and after the Sangha has finished chanting blessings, they may then partake of the food themselves.
At that time, the Bhiksu Maudgalyayana (one of the Buddha's ten great disciples, known for his supernatural powers) and the great Bodhisattvas (enlightened beings) of the assembly were all very happy, and Maudgalyayana's sorrowful weeping ceased. At that time, Maudgalyayana's mother, on that very day, was freed from the suffering of one kalpa (an immense period of time) as a hungry ghost.
At that time, Maudgalyayana again said to the Buddha: 'My parents have been able to receive the power of merit from the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha), and the power of the majestic spirit of the Sangha. If all future disciples of the Buddha who practice filial piety should also observe this Ullambana (a Buddhist ceremony to liberate the deceased) and save their present parents, and even their seven generations of parents, is this permissible?'
The Buddha said: 'Excellent, a good question! I was just about to speak of this, and now you ask again. Good man! If there are bhiksus (ordained monks), bhiksunis (ordained nuns), kings, crown princes, princes, ministers, prime ministers, the three dukes, hundreds of officials, and the common people who practice filial piety and compassion, they should all, for their living parents and their past seven generations of parents, on the fifteenth day of the seventh month—the Buddha's Day of Joy, the Sangha's Pravāraṇa (the day when the monastic community concludes the rainy season retreat and members confess their faults to each other)—place a hundred flavors of food in the Ullambana bowl and offer it to the Sangha of the ten directions who are observing Pravāraṇa. May they pray that their present parents live a hundred years, without illness, without any suffering or distress, and that their seven generations of parents be freed from the suffering of hungry ghosts and be reborn among gods and humans, enjoying boundless happiness.'
The Buddha told all the good men and good women: 'These disciples of the Buddha who cultivate filial piety should constantly remember their parents in every thought, and make offerings to their seven generations of parents. Every year on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, they should always remember their living parents and their seven generations of parents with filial piety and compassion, perform the Ullambana ceremony for them, and make offerings to the Buddha and the Sangha, in order to repay the kindness of their parents' nurturing.'
養、慈愛之恩。若一切佛弟子應當奉持是法。」
爾時目連比丘、四輩弟子，聞佛所說，歡喜奉行。
佛說盂蘭盆經
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：供養和慈愛之恩。如果一切佛弟子都應當奉行這個法門。'
當時，目連比丘（Maudgalyayana，佛陀的著名弟子）和四眾弟子，聽聞佛陀所說，歡喜地接受並遵照奉行。
《佛說盂蘭盆經》（Buddhabhāṣita Ullambana Sūtra）
【English Translation】 English version: 'Nourishment and the grace of loving-kindness. If all Buddha's disciples should uphold this Dharma.'
At that time, the Maudgalyayana (one of the Buddha's foremost disciples) Bhikshu and the fourfold assembly of disciples, hearing what the Buddha had said, joyfully accepted and respectfully practiced it.
Buddhabhāṣita Ullambana Sūtra (The Buddha Speaks the Ullambana Sutra)