T17n0727_十不善業道經
大正藏第 17 冊 No. 0727 十不善業道經
No. 727
十不善業道經
馬鳴菩薩集
西天譯經三藏朝散大夫試鴻臚少卿宣梵大師賜紫沙門臣日稱等奉 詔譯
此十不善業道，體性是罪，若樂求佛道者，遠離彼過，當如是知。
何等為十？所謂身業三種，語業四種，意業三種。於是義中，今當解說。身三種者，殺生、不與取、欲邪行；語四種者，妄言、綺語、兩舌、惡語；意三種者，貪、瞋、邪見。
云何殺生？謂于有情率先見已，次審其名，決定欲殺，動身施作，斷其命根。如是五緣次第具足，成殺生罪，定感彼果。
云何不與取？謂於他物先窺覘已，而起審慮，決定欲取，動身所作，即盜其物。具足五緣，成不與取罪。
云何欲邪行？於此罪中而有四類，非處、非時、非分、非往。非處者，謂于諸佛菩薩經像、和尚阇梨、父母所止，或相鄰近，皆所不應。非時者，謂于晝日，或偶月事，懷妊新產，彼不樂欲，及病惱等，或受凈住八關齋戒，皆非其宜。非分者，謂于面門及以非道，童男處女，自執持等，俱不應作。非往者，謂於他妻，及比丘尼、親族、異趣，及炫賣等，設自境界作非梵行，所不應理。如上當知。
云何妄語
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 《十不善業道經》
馬鳴菩薩 集
西天譯經三藏朝散大夫試鴻臚少卿宣梵大師賜紫沙門臣日稱等 奉 詔譯
這十種不善業道，其體性是罪惡，如果想要追求佛道的人，應當遠離這些過失，應當這樣瞭解。
什麼是十種不善業？ 也就是身業三種，語業四種，意業三種。 對於這些內容，現在我來解說。身三種是指：殺生、不與取（偷盜）、欲邪行（不正當的性行為）；語四種是指：妄言（說謊）、綺語（花言巧語）、兩舌（挑撥離間）、惡語（惡毒的語言）；意三種是指：貪（貪婪）、瞋（嗔恨）、邪見（錯誤的見解）。
什麼是殺生？ 也就是對於有情眾生，首先看到之後，然後審視其名稱，決定要殺害，然後行動去實施，斷絕其命根。 這樣五個條件次第具足，就構成殺生罪，必定會感受到相應的果報。
什麼是不與取（偷盜）？ 也就是對於他人的財物，先窺視觀察，然後產生考慮，決定要偷取，然後行動去實施，就盜取了那個財物。 具足五個條件，就構成不與取罪。
什麼是欲邪行（不正當的性行為）？ 在這種罪過中，有四種情況：非處、非時、非分、非往。 非處是指：在諸佛菩薩的經像、和尚阇梨（阿阇梨，導師）、父母所居住的地方，或者相鄰近的地方，都不應該進行性行為。 非時是指：在白天，或者婦女月事期間，懷孕或剛生產後，對方不樂意，以及生病煩惱等情況，或者受持清凈的八關齋戒期間，都不適宜進行性行為。 非分是指：對於面門以及非正常的性器官，童男處女，自己手淫等，都不應該做。 非往是指：對於他人的妻子，以及比丘尼、親族、不同種族的人，以及賣淫等情況，即使在自己的境界內做不正當的性行為，也是不合道理的。 應當如上了解。
什麼是妄語？
【English Translation】 English version The Sutra on the Ten Non-Virtuous Karmic Paths
Compiled by Bodhisattva Ashvaghosa (Maming Pusa)
Translated by the Tripitaka Master Richēng (Nichiren), Great Officer of Court of Imperial Sacrifices, Acting Vice President of the Court of State Ceremonial, conferred the title 'Master Who Propagates梵 (Brahma)' and the Purple Robe, under Imperial Decree, from the Western Heaven Translation Bureau.
These ten non-virtuous karmic paths are inherently sinful. If one aspires to seek the path of the Buddha, one should avoid these faults and understand them as follows.
What are the ten? They are the three karmas of body, the four karmas of speech, and the three karmas of mind. Regarding these, I will now explain. The three of body are: killing, not giving (stealing), and sexual misconduct; the four of speech are: false speech (lying), frivolous speech (idle chatter), divisive speech (sowing discord), and harsh speech (abusive language); the three of mind are: greed (covetousness), hatred (anger), and wrong views (incorrect beliefs).
What is killing? It means that towards sentient beings, first seeing them, then examining their name, deciding to kill them, then acting to carry it out, severing their life force. Thus, when these five conditions are successively fulfilled, the sin of killing is formed, and one will certainly experience the corresponding result.
What is not giving (stealing)? It means that towards the property of others, first spying and observing, then generating consideration, deciding to steal, then acting to carry it out, thus stealing the object. When these five conditions are fulfilled, the sin of not giving is formed.
What is sexual misconduct? Within this sin, there are four categories: wrong place, wrong time, wrong object, and wrong relationship. Wrong place refers to places such as near the images of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, the residence of one's teacher (Upadhyaya and Acharya), or one's parents; all these are inappropriate. Wrong time refers to daytime, during a woman's menstruation, pregnancy, or postpartum, when the other person is unwilling, or during illness or distress, or when observing the pure Eight Precepts; all these are unsuitable. Wrong object refers to engaging in sexual acts with the mouth or non-genital areas, with young boys or girls, or through self-manipulation; all these should not be done. Wrong relationship refers to engaging in sexual acts with another's wife, nuns (bhikkhunis), relatives, those of different species, or prostitutes; even within one's own domain, engaging in non-celibate conduct is unreasonable. Understand as above.
What is false speech (lying)?
？謂于見物或他遺墜，審知是已，決定而取，彼若尋求起虛妄說，具是五緣，成妄語罪。
云何綺語？謂於他人以染污心，增飾其非，對彼而說。
云何兩舌？於他所有隱密等事，以非理言，而作離間。
云何惡語？謂于貪慾和合事相，以雜染言厲聲而說。
云何名貪？於他財富及彼受用，起愛樂心，非理希望。
云何名瞋？謂于有情起忿恚心，而作損惱及捶打等。
云何邪見？謂無施等、無彼後世、無供養事、無佛世尊聲聞緣覺、無罪無福、無所作業、無所受報。
如《正法念處經》，及余經說。此十不善業道是地獄因，於十善業道應當修學，則于惡趣永不墮落。
十不善業道經
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本： 如果看見別人的東西或者遺失之物，明明知道是自己的，就確定地拿走。如果那人尋找時，就說虛妄之語，具備這五種因緣，就構成妄語罪。
什麼是綺語？就是對於他人，以染污之心，增添修飾其不實之處，當著那人而說。
什麼是兩舌？就是對於他人所有的隱秘等事，用不合道理的言語，而進行離間。
什麼是惡語？就是對於貪慾和合之事，用夾雜染污的言語，厲聲惡語地說。
什麼叫做貪？就是對於他人的財富以及他們所受用的東西，生起愛戀喜好的心，不合道理地希望得到。
什麼叫做瞋？就是對於有情眾生生起忿怒怨恨之心，而進行損害惱亂以及捶打等行為。
什麼叫做邪見？就是認為沒有佈施等善行，沒有來世，沒有供養之事，沒有佛世尊、聲聞、緣覺，沒有罪惡沒有福報，沒有所作之業，沒有所受之報。
如《正法念處經》以及其他經典所說。這十種不善業道是地獄之因，對於十善業道應當修習學習，那麼就永遠不會墮落到惡趣之中。
《十不善業道經》
【English Translation】 English version: If one sees another's property or lost item, and knowing it to be theirs, definitively takes it; if that person seeks it and one speaks falsely, possessing these five conditions, one commits the sin of false speech (妄語罪, wàng yǔ zuì).
What is frivolous speech (綺語, qǐ yǔ)? It is, with a defiled mind, adding embellishments to another's untruths, and speaking them to that person.
What is divisive speech (兩舌, liǎng shé)? It is, regarding another's secrets and such, using unreasonable words to create discord.
What is harsh speech (惡語, è yǔ)? It is, regarding matters of lustful union, speaking with mixed and defiled words in a harsh voice.
What is called greed (貪, tān)? It is, regarding the wealth of others and their enjoyments, giving rise to a mind of love and desire, and hoping to obtain them unreasonably.
What is called anger (瞋, chēn)? It is, regarding sentient beings, giving rise to a mind of anger and resentment, and engaging in acts of harm, annoyance, beating, and the like.
What is called wrong view (邪見, xié jiàn)? It is believing that there is no giving (施, shī) and other good deeds, no afterlife, no acts of offering, no Buddhas (佛世尊, Fó shì zūn), Śrāvakas (聲聞, shēng wén), Pratyekabuddhas (緣覺, yuán jué), no sin, no merit, no actions performed, and no retributions received.
As stated in the Saddharma Smṛtyupasthāna Sūtra (《正法念處經》, Zhèng fǎ niàn chù jīng) and other sutras. These ten non-virtuous karmic paths are the cause of hell. One should cultivate and learn the ten virtuous karmic paths, and then one will never fall into the evil realms.
Sutra of the Ten Non-Virtuous Karmic Paths (《十不善業道經》, Shí bù shàn yè dào jīng)