T17n0734_佛說鬼問目連經

大正藏第 17 冊 No. 0734 佛說鬼問目連經

No. 734

佛說鬼問目連經

後漢安息國三藏安世高譯

聞如是：

一時佛住王舍城迦蘭陀竹園。爾時目連晡時從禪定起，游恒水邊，見諸餓鬼受罪不同。時諸餓鬼見尊者目連，皆起敬心，來問因緣。

一鬼問言：「我一生以來，恒患頭痛。何罪所致？」

目連答言：「汝為人時，好以杖打眾生頭。今受花報，果入地獄。」

一鬼問言：「我一生已來，資財無量而樂著弊衣。何罪所致？」

目連答言：「汝為人時，佈施作福，還復悔惜。今受花報，果在地獄。」

一鬼問言：「我一生已來，宿無常處，恒倚巷陌。何罪所致？」

目連答言：「汝為人時，客來投止，不肯安處；見他客止，方復瞋恚。今受花報，果入地獄。」

一鬼問言：「我食不啖一斛而不得飽。何罪所致？」

目連答言：「汝為人時，飯飼眾生，初不令足。今受花報，果入地獄。」

一鬼問言：「我一生已來，腹大如甕，咽細如針孔，不得下食。何罪所致？」

目連答言：「汝為人時，作聚落主，自恃豪強，輕欺百姓，強打拍人，索好美食。今受花報，果入地獄。」

一鬼

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本《佛說鬼問目連經》

後漢安息國三藏安世高譯

我是這樣聽說的：

一時，佛陀住在王舍城（Rājagṛha）的迦蘭陀竹園（Kalandaka Venuvana）。當時，目連（Maudgalyāyana）尊者在下午從禪定中起身，在恒河（Ganges）邊遊行，看見各種餓鬼遭受不同的罪報。那些餓鬼見到尊者目連，都生起敬重心，前來詢問因緣。

一個餓鬼問道：『我一生以來，一直患有頭痛。這是什麼罪業導致的？』

目連回答說：『你做人的時候，喜歡用棍杖敲打眾生的頭部。現在受的是花報，果報還在地獄。』

一個餓鬼問道：『我一生以來，資財無數，卻喜歡穿著破舊的衣服。這是什麼罪業導致的？』

目連回答說：『你做人的時候，佈施作福，之後又後悔吝惜。現在受的是花報，果報還在地獄。』

一個餓鬼問道：『我一生以來，沒有固定的住所，總是依靠在街巷裡。這是什麼罪業導致的？』

目連回答說：『你做人的時候，客人來投宿，你不肯好好安排；看到其他客人留宿，反而生氣。現在受的是花報，果報還在地獄。』

一個餓鬼問道：『我吃一斛（hú）的食物都吃不飽。這是什麼罪業導致的？』

目連回答說：『你做人的時候，用飯食供養眾生，從來不讓他們吃飽。現在受的是花報，果報還在地獄。』

一個餓鬼問道：『我一生以來，肚子大得像甕，咽喉細得像針孔，無法下嚥食物。這是什麼罪業導致的？』

目連回答說：『你做人的時候，作為村落的首領，仗著自己豪強，輕視欺負百姓，強行毆打他人，索要美味食物。現在受的是花報，果報還在地獄。』

一個餓鬼

【English Translation】 English version 'The Buddha Speaks of the Maudgalyāyana Sutra on Ghost Questions'

Translated by An Shih-kao, a Tripiṭaka master from Parthia during the Later Han Dynasty

Thus have I heard:

At one time, the Buddha was dwelling in the Kalandaka Bamboo Grove (Kalandaka Venuvana) in Rājagṛha (王舍城). At that time, the Venerable Maudgalyāyana (目連) arose from meditation in the afternoon and wandered along the Ganges River (恒水), where he saw various hungry ghosts suffering different retributions. When these hungry ghosts saw the Venerable Maudgalyāyana, they all arose with respectful hearts and came to inquire about the causes and conditions.

One ghost asked, 'Since the beginning of my life, I have constantly suffered from headaches. What sin caused this?'

Maudgalyāyana replied, 'When you were a human, you liked to strike the heads of sentient beings with a staff. Now you are receiving the flower retribution, and the fruit will be in hell.'

One ghost asked, 'Since the beginning of my life, I have had immeasurable wealth, yet I am attached to wearing tattered clothes. What sin caused this?'

Maudgalyāyana replied, 'When you were a human, you made offerings and created blessings, but then you regretted and were stingy. Now you are receiving the flower retribution, and the fruit will be in hell.'

One ghost asked, 'Since the beginning of my life, I have had no fixed abode and always rely on alleys and streets. What sin caused this?'

Maudgalyāyana replied, 'When you were a human, when guests came to seek lodging, you were unwilling to provide them with a comfortable place; when you saw other guests staying, you became angry. Now you are receiving the flower retribution, and the fruit will be in hell.'

One ghost asked, 'I cannot be full even after eating one hú (斛) of food. What sin caused this?'

Maudgalyāyana replied, 'When you were a human, when you fed sentient beings with food, you never allowed them to be full. Now you are receiving the flower retribution, and the fruit will be in hell.'

One ghost asked, 'Since the beginning of my life, my belly has been as large as a jar, and my throat is as thin as a needle's eye, making it impossible to swallow food. What sin caused this?'

Maudgalyāyana replied, 'When you were a human, as the leader of a village, you relied on your power and strength, despised and bullied the common people, forcibly beat people, and demanded delicious food. Now you are receiving the flower retribution, and the fruit will be in hell.'

One ghost

問言：「我一生已來，恒患男根瘡爛，痛不可言。何罪所致？」

目連答言：「汝為人時，佛圖精舍清凈之處，行於淫慾。今受花報，果入地獄。」

一鬼問言：「我一生已來多有兒子，皆端正可喜而皆早死。念之斷絕，痛不可言。何罪所致？」

目連答言：「汝為人時，見兒殺生，助喜啖肉；殺生故短命，喜故痛毒。今受花報，果入地獄。」

一鬼問言：「我一生已來，有一狗體大牙利，兩目赫赤，常來啖我。何罪所致？」

目連答言：「汝為人時，喜將狗獵，殘害眾生，無有慈心。今受花報，果在地獄。」

一鬼問言：「我一生已來，有一人持諸利刀，常割我肉，盡便持去，須臾尋生而復來割，痛不可言。何罪所致？」

目連答言：「汝為人時，喜屠割眾生，初無慈心。今受花報，果入地獄。」

一鬼問言：「我一生已來，恒患身體，處處皆痛，不可得忍。何罪所致？」

目連答言：「汝為人時，好漁獵，所網得魚投之沙土，令其苦死。今受花報，果入地獄。」

一鬼問言：「我一生已來，頑無所知。何罪所致？」

目連答言：「汝為人時，強勸人酒，令其顛倒。今受花報，果入地獄。」

一鬼問言：「我一生已來，恒患熱渴，行見

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本有鬼問道：『我這一生以來，一直患有男根瘡爛的疾病，疼痛難忍，這是什麼罪過導致的？』目連（Maudgalyayana，佛陀十大弟子之一，以神通著稱）回答說：『你做人的時候，在佛寺精舍這種清凈的地方，行淫慾之事。現在受到的這種痛苦是花報（指惡報的初期顯現），最終的果報是在地獄。』一個鬼問道：『我這一生以來有很多兒子，都長得端正可愛，但是都早早夭折。想到他們就肝腸寸斷，痛苦難忍。這是什麼罪過導致的？』目連回答說：『你做人的時候，看到別人殺害動物，反而助長他們的喜悅，喜歡吃肉；因為殺生所以導致短命，因為助長喜悅所以導致痛苦。現在受到的這種痛苦是花報，最終的果報是在地獄。』一個鬼問道：『我這一生以來，總有一隻狗，體型巨大，牙齒鋒利，兩眼血紅，經常來吃我的肉。這是什麼罪過導致的？』目連回答說：『你做人的時候，喜歡帶著狗去打獵，殘害眾生，沒有慈悲心。現在受到的這種痛苦是花報，最終的果報是在地獄。』一個鬼問道：『我這一生以來，總有一個人拿著各種鋒利的刀，經常割我的肉，割完就拿走，過一會兒肉又長出來，他又來割，疼痛難忍。這是什麼罪過導致的？』目連回答說：『你做人的時候，喜歡屠宰眾生，一開始就沒有慈悲心。現在受到的這種痛苦是花報，最終的果報是在地獄。』一個鬼問道：『我這一生以來，一直身體不好，到處都疼，難以忍受。這是什麼罪過導致的？』目連回答說：『你做人的時候，喜歡捕魚打獵，把捕到的魚扔到沙土上，讓它們痛苦地死去。現在受到的這種痛苦是花報，最終的果報是在地獄。』一個鬼問道：『我這一生以來，愚笨無知，什麼都不懂。這是什麼罪過導致的？』目連回答說：『你做人的時候，強行勸人喝酒，使他們神志不清。現在受到的這種痛苦是花報，最終的果報是在地獄。』一個鬼問道：『我這一生以來，一直感到口渴難耐，行走時看到』

【English Translation】 English version A ghost asked: 'Since the beginning of my life, I have constantly suffered from sores and rot on my male organ, the pain is unbearable. What sin caused this?' Maudgalyayana (one of the ten principal disciples of the Buddha, known for his supernatural powers) replied: 'When you were a human, you engaged in sexual misconduct in the pure place of a Buddhist monastery. Now you are receiving the flower retribution (the initial manifestation of bad karma), and the ultimate consequence is hell.' A ghost asked: 'Since the beginning of my life, I have had many sons, all of whom were handsome and lovable, but they all died young. The thought of them breaks my heart, and the pain is unbearable. What sin caused this?' Maudgalyayana replied: 'When you were a human, you rejoiced when you saw others killing animals and enjoyed eating meat; killing causes a short life, and rejoicing causes pain. Now you are receiving the flower retribution, and the ultimate consequence is hell.' A ghost asked: 'Since the beginning of my life, there has always been a dog with a large body, sharp teeth, and blood-red eyes that constantly comes to eat my flesh. What sin caused this?' Maudgalyayana replied: 'When you were a human, you enjoyed hunting with dogs, harming sentient beings, and had no compassion. Now you are receiving the flower retribution, and the ultimate consequence is hell.' A ghost asked: 'Since the beginning of my life, there has always been a person holding various sharp knives who constantly cuts my flesh, takes it away after cutting it all off, and then after a short while, the flesh grows back, and he comes to cut it again, the pain is unbearable. What sin caused this?' Maudgalyayana replied: 'When you were a human, you enjoyed slaughtering sentient beings and had no compassion from the beginning. Now you are receiving the flower retribution, and the ultimate consequence is hell.' A ghost asked: 'Since the beginning of my life, I have constantly suffered from my body, and it hurts everywhere, making it unbearable. What sin caused this?' Maudgalyayana replied: 'When you were a human, you enjoyed fishing and hunting, throwing the caught fish onto the sand, causing them to die in agony. Now you are receiving the flower retribution, and the ultimate consequence is hell.' A ghost asked: 'Since the beginning of my life, I have been ignorant and know nothing. What sin caused this?' Maudgalyayana replied: 'When you were a human, you forced people to drink alcohol, causing them to become disoriented. Now you are receiving the flower retribution, and the ultimate consequence is hell.' A ghost asked: 'Since the beginning of my life, I have constantly suffered from thirst, and when I walk, I see'

恒河，冀入其中以除熱渴。方入其中，身體焦爛，肌肉離骨；渴欲飲之一口入腹，五藏焦爛，痛不可言。何罪所致？」

目連答言：「汝為人時，喜焚燒山澤，殘害眾生。今受花報，果入地獄。」

一鬼問言：「我一生已來，恒患飢渴，欲至廁上取糞啖之。廁上有大力鬼，以杖打我，初不能得近。何罪所致？」

目連答言：「汝為人時，作佛圖主。有客比丘來，慳惜不與食。待客去後，乃行與舊僧。慳惜僧物故，今受花報，果入地獄。」

一鬼問言：「我一生已來，恒處不凈，臭惱纏身，不能得離；飢渴之時，還食此不凈。何罪所致？」

目連答言：「汝為人時，作婆羅門子。有一道人，中後來就汝乞食。汝爾時當作是方便，令此道人不復來乞，便取其缽，盛糞著底，以飯覆之。道人得缽，還至本處，著一面澡漱既訖，攝缽欲食，缽中臭穢不可得近。以是之故，墮在地獄，汝將來世墮糞屎彌犁地獄中。」

一鬼問言：「我一生已來，肩上有銅瓶，盛滿中洋銅。一手捉銅杓以取之，還灌其頭，痛不可言。何罪所致？」

目連答言：「汝為人時，作僧維那知僧事。有一瓶酥藏著余處，不行與僧，待客去後，乃行與舊僧。此酥是招提僧物，一切有分。慳惜僧物故，今受花報，果

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本：一個餓鬼問道：『我看見恒河（Ganges River，印度教的聖河），希望進入其中以消除熱渴。剛一進入其中，身體就焦爛，肌肉脫離骨頭；飢渴難耐想喝一口，進入腹中，五臟焦爛，痛苦得無法形容。這是什麼罪導致的？』目連（Maudgalyayana，佛陀的十大弟子之一，以神通著稱）回答說：『你做人的時候，喜歡焚燒山林沼澤，殘害眾生。現在受的是花報（immediate retribution），果報（ultimate consequence）還在地獄。』一個餓鬼問道：『我一生以來，一直遭受飢餓乾渴的折磨，想去廁所取糞便吃。廁所里有大力鬼，用棍子打我，始終無法靠近。這是什麼罪導致的？』目連回答說：『你做人的時候，是佛寺的負責人。有外來的比丘（bhikkhu，佛教僧侶）來，你吝嗇不給他們食物。等客人走後，才給原來的僧人。因為吝嗇僧眾的財物，所以現在受的是花報，果報還在地獄。』一個餓鬼問道：『我一生以來，一直身處污穢之中，臭氣熏天，無法擺脫；飢渴的時候，只能吃這些污穢之物。這是什麼罪導致的？』目連回答說：『你做人的時候，是婆羅門（Brahmin，印度教的祭司階層）的兒子。有一個道人，後來到你這裡乞討食物。你當時想了個辦法，讓這個道人不再來乞討，就拿了他的缽（patra，僧侶的食器），在底部盛滿糞便，用飯蓋在上面。道人得到缽，回到原來的地方，洗漱完畢后，拿起缽想吃，缽里的臭味讓人無法靠近。因為這個緣故，你墮入地獄，你將來還會墮入糞屎彌犁地獄（糞便地獄）。』一個餓鬼問道：『我一生以來，肩膀上有一個銅瓶，盛滿熔化的銅水。一手拿著銅勺舀出來，再灌到自己的頭上，痛苦得無法形容。這是什麼罪導致的？』目連回答說：『你做人的時候，是寺院的維那（karmadana，寺院的管理者），負責僧眾的事務。有一瓶酥油藏在別的地方，不分給僧眾，等客人走後，才給原來的僧人。這酥油是常住僧眾的財物，每個人都有份。因為吝嗇僧眾的財物，所以現在受的是花報，果報還在地獄。』

【English Translation】 English version: A hungry ghost asked: 'I see the Ganges River (Ganges River, the holy river of Hinduism), hoping to enter it to relieve my heat and thirst. As soon as I enter it, my body is scorched and rotten, my muscles separate from my bones; I am so thirsty that I want to drink a mouthful, but as it enters my stomach, my internal organs are scorched and rotten, and the pain is indescribable. What sin caused this?' Maudgalyayana (Maudgalyayana, one of the ten great disciples of the Buddha, known for his supernatural powers) replied: 'When you were a human, you liked to burn mountains and marshes, and harm living beings. Now you are receiving the immediate retribution (flower retribution), and the ultimate consequence (fruit retribution) is still in hell.' A hungry ghost asked: 'Since I was born, I have been suffering from hunger and thirst, and I want to go to the toilet to get feces to eat. There is a powerful ghost in the toilet who beats me with a stick, and I can never get close. What sin caused this?' Maudgalyayana replied: 'When you were a human, you were the head of a Buddhist temple. When foreign bhikkhus (bhikkhu, Buddhist monks) came, you were stingy and did not give them food. After the guests left, you gave it to the original monks. Because you were stingy with the property of the Sangha, you are now receiving the immediate retribution, and the ultimate consequence is still in hell.' A hungry ghost asked: 'Since I was born, I have been living in filth, surrounded by stench, unable to get rid of it; when I am hungry and thirsty, I can only eat this filth. What sin caused this?' Maudgalyayana replied: 'When you were a human, you were the son of a Brahmin (Brahmin, the priestly class of Hinduism). A Taoist came to you later to beg for food. At that time, you came up with a way to prevent this Taoist from begging again, so you took his patra (patra, a monk's food bowl), filled the bottom with feces, and covered it with rice. The Taoist got the bowl, returned to his original place, washed up, and picked up the bowl to eat, but the stench in the bowl was unbearable. Because of this, you fell into hell, and you will fall into the excrement and dung hell (excrement hell) in the future.' A hungry ghost asked: 'Since I was born, I have had a copper bottle on my shoulder, filled with molten copper. I take it out with a copper spoon in one hand, and then pour it on my head, and the pain is indescribable. What sin caused this?' Maudgalyayana replied: 'When you were a human, you were the karmadana (karmadana, the manager of the temple) of the monastery, responsible for the affairs of the Sangha. There was a bottle of ghee hidden elsewhere, and it was not distributed to the Sangha. After the guests left, it was given to the original monks. This ghee is the property of the resident Sangha, and everyone has a share. Because you were stingy with the property of the Sangha, you are now receiving the immediate retribution, and the ultimate consequence is still in hell.'

入地獄。」

一鬼問言：「我一生已來，或登刀山、劍樹地獄，或墮火坑、鑊湯地獄，種種受苦，無復休已。何罪所致？」

目連答言：「汝為人時，作天祠主，烹殺三牲，祭祀天神，血肉灌灑四方，語眾人言：『汝等祠祀，大得吉利！』作此魔邪之言、妖㜸之語，輕欺百姓，誑惑父母。以是之故，果入地獄。」

一鬼問言：「我一生以來，常吞鐵丸。何罪所致？」

目連答言：「汝為人時，作沙彌子，取凈水作石蜜漿。石蜜堅大，盜打取少許；眾僧未食，盜食一口故。以是因緣，果入地獄，汝將來世常吞鐵丸。」

爾時目連與諸餓鬼說往昔因緣經竟，還來在耆阇崛山。

一切大會，聞佛所說，稽首奉行。

佛說鬼問目連經

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本：墮入地獄。

一個餓鬼問道：『我一生以來，有時登上刀山、劍樹地獄，有時墮入火坑、鑊湯地獄，種種受苦，沒有停止的時候。這是什麼罪導致的？』

目連（Maudgalyayana，佛陀的弟子，以神通著稱）回答說：『你做人的時候，擔任天祠的主持，宰殺牛、羊、豬等三牲，祭祀天神，把血肉灑向四方，還對眾人說：『你們這樣祭祀，會得到大吉大利！』你說了這些邪魔不正之言、妖妄迷惑之語，輕視欺騙百姓，欺騙迷惑父母。因為這個緣故，所以墮入地獄。』

一個餓鬼問道：『我一生以來，常常吞吃鐵丸。這是什麼罪導致的？』

目連回答說：『你做人的時候，做沙彌（Śrāmaṇera，出家男子）時，把乾淨的水當成石蜜漿。石蜜很大很硬，你偷偷地打碎取了一點；眾僧還沒吃，你就偷吃了一口。因為這個因緣，所以墮入地獄，你將來世還要常常吞吃鐵丸。』

這時，目連為眾餓鬼講述往昔因緣的經過完畢，返回到耆阇崛山（Gṛdhrakūṭa，靈鷲山）。

所有在場的大眾，聽聞佛陀所說，叩頭行禮，遵奉實行。

佛說鬼問目連經

【English Translation】 English version: fall into hell.'

A ghost asked, 'Since my birth, I have sometimes ascended the Mountain of Knives and the Sword Tree hells, and sometimes fallen into the fiery pit and cauldron hells, enduring all kinds of suffering without end. What sin has caused this?'

Maudgalyayana (one of the Buddha's main disciples known for his supernatural powers) replied, 'When you were a human, you were the master of a heavenly shrine, slaughtering the three sacrificial animals (oxen, sheep, and pigs) to worship the heavenly gods, sprinkling blood and flesh in all directions, and telling everyone, 'Your sacrifices will bring great fortune!' You spoke these demonic and evil words, deceptive and bewitching language, belittling and deceiving the people, and deceiving and misleading your parents. Because of this, you have fallen into hell.'

A ghost asked, 'Since my birth, I have constantly swallowed iron balls. What sin has caused this?'

Maudgalyayana replied, 'When you were a human, as a Śrāmaṇera (novice monk), you treated clean water as rock candy juice. The rock candy was large and hard, and you secretly broke off a small piece; before the monks had eaten, you secretly ate a mouthful. Because of this cause and condition, you have fallen into hell, and in future lives you will constantly swallow iron balls.'

At that time, Maudgalyayana finished explaining the past causes and conditions to the hungry ghosts and returned to Gṛdhrakūṭa (Vulture Peak Mountain).

All the assembly present, having heard what the Buddha said, bowed their heads, paid homage, and respectfully practiced it.

The Buddha Speaks the Sutra of the Ghost's Questions to Maudgalyayana