T17n0753_十二品生死經

大正藏第 17 冊 No. 0753 十二品生死經

No. 753

十二品生死經

宋于闐國三藏求那跋陀羅譯

聞如是：

一時佛游舍衛祇樹給孤獨精舍，爾時佛告諸比丘：「我為汝說經。」比丘應：「唯然世尊！愿受教敕。」

佛言：「人死有十二品，何等十二？一曰無餘死者，謂羅漢無所著也。二曰度于死者，謂阿那含不復還也。三曰有餘死者，謂斯陀含往而還也。四曰學度死者，謂須陀洹見道跡也。五曰無欺死者，謂八等人也。六曰歡喜死者，謂行一心也。七曰數數死者，謂惡戒人也。八曰悔死者，謂凡夫也。九曰橫死者，謂孤獨苦也。十曰縛著死者，謂畜生也。十一曰燒爛死者，謂地獄也。十二曰飢渴死者，謂餓鬼也。

「比丘當曉知是，當作是學勿為放逸，勿起淫色，遠離諸橫，以清凈心，所未得證常令成就。所以者何？數數死為甚苦，悔死亦苦，橫死甚劇，縛著死亦劇，燒爛死甚痛，飢渴死亦痛。如是比丘！當作是學，習在閑居，若處樹下，學禪一心無得輕戲，無得後悔。是為佛教，是佛法則。」

佛說如是，比丘歡喜稽首而退。

十二品生死經

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本聞如是：一時，佛陀在舍衛城（Śrāvastī）的祇樹給孤獨園（Jetavana Anāthapiṇḍika-ārāma）游化。當時，佛陀告訴眾比丘：『我為你們說一部經。』比丘們迴應：『是的，世尊！我們願意接受您的教導。』佛陀說：『人的死亡有十二種品類，是哪十二種呢？第一種稱為無餘死者，指的是阿羅漢（Arhat），他們沒有任何執著。第二種稱為度于死者，指的是阿那含（Anāgāmin），他們不再返回欲界。第三種稱為有餘死者，指的是斯陀含（Sakṛdāgāmin），他們往生天界一次後還會返回人間。第四種稱為學度死者，指的是須陀洹（Srotaāpanna），他們已經見到了入流道跡。第五種稱為無欺死者，指的是八種人（指四向四果的聖者）。第六種稱為歡喜死者，指的是修行一心的人。第七種稱為數數死者，指的是持惡戒的人。第八種稱為悔死者，指的是凡夫。第九種稱為橫死者，指的是孤獨受苦的人。第十種稱為縛著死者，指的是畜生。第十一種稱為燒爛死者，指的是地獄眾生。第十二種稱為飢渴死者，指的是餓鬼。』『比丘們應當明白這些，應當這樣學習，不要放逸，不要生起**，遠離各種橫禍，以清凈的心，對於尚未證得的境界，要常常努力成就。為什麼呢？因為數數死非常痛苦，悔死也很痛苦，橫死尤其劇烈，縛著死也很劇烈，燒爛死非常痛苦，飢渴死也很痛苦。所以，比丘們！應當這樣學習，習慣於住在閑靜之處，或者在樹下，學習禪定一心，不要輕率嬉戲，不要後悔。這就是佛教，這就是佛的法則。』佛陀說完這些，比丘們歡喜地頂禮佛陀，然後退下。

【English Translation】 English version Thus have I heard: At one time, the Buddha was wandering in Śrāvastī (舍衛祇) at the Jetavana Anāthapiṇḍika-ārāma (祇樹給孤獨精舍). At that time, the Buddha told the assembled Bhikshus (比丘): 'I will speak a sutra for you.' The Bhikshus responded: 'Yes, World Honored One! We are willing to receive your instructions.' The Buddha said: 'There are twelve kinds of death for people. What are the twelve? The first is called the death of no remainder, referring to the Arhats (羅漢), who have no attachments. The second is called the death of crossing over, referring to the Anāgāmins (阿那含), who do not return to the desire realm. The third is called the death with remainder, referring to the Sakṛdāgāmins (斯陀含), who are born in the heavens once and then return to the human realm. The fourth is called the death of learning to cross over, referring to the Srotaāpannas (須陀洹), who have seen the stream-entry path. The fifth is called the death without deception, referring to the eight types of people (referring to the four paths and four fruits of the saints). The sixth is called the death of joy, referring to those who practice one-pointedness of mind. The seventh is called the death of repeated births, referring to those who hold evil precepts. The eighth is called the death of regret, referring to ordinary people. The ninth is called accidental death, referring to those who suffer alone. The tenth is called the death of bondage, referring to animals. The eleventh is called the death of burning and rotting, referring to beings in hell. The twelfth is called the death of hunger and thirst, referring to hungry ghosts.' 'Bhikshus, you should understand these, and you should learn in this way, do not be negligent, do not give rise to ** (omitted due to lack of context), stay away from all kinds of accidental misfortunes, with a pure mind, constantly strive to accomplish what has not yet been attained. Why? Because the death of repeated births is very painful, the death of regret is also painful, accidental death is especially severe, the death of bondage is also severe, the death of burning and rotting is very painful, and the death of hunger and thirst is also painful. Therefore, Bhikshus! You should learn in this way, be accustomed to living in quiet places, or under trees, learn to meditate with one-pointedness of mind, do not be frivolous and playful, and do not regret. This is the Buddha's teaching, this is the Buddha's Dharma.' After the Buddha finished speaking, the Bhikshus joyfully bowed to the Buddha and then withdrew.