T17n0782_佛說十號經

大正藏第 17 冊 No. 0782 佛說十號經

No. 782

佛說十號經

西天譯經三藏朝散大夫試鴻臚少卿明教大師臣天息災奉　詔譯

如來、應供、正等覺、明行足、善逝、世間解無上士、調御丈夫、天人師、佛、世尊。

阿難白言：「云何如來？」

佛告苾芻：「我昔因地為菩薩時，歷修眾行，為求無上正等正覺，今得菩提涅槃一切真實，以八聖道正見所證，名為如來；如過去正等正覺，調伏息心，得至涅槃，故名如來。」

「云何應供？」

佛言：「昔在因位所行善法威儀戒品，十善根力修令增長，如是修習圓滿至究竟位，證涅槃時斷盡一切煩惱，令身、口、意清凈無染，永害煩惱，如斷多羅樹頭，永不生芽。複次貪、瞋、癡等煩惱盡故，一切諸趣永不結生，超過四難——生、老、病、死——苦果之法，惑苦二種而永不生，立應供號。

「複次，令彼世間所有衣服、臥具、飲食、湯藥、幢幡、寶蓋、香花、燈果，及天上人間最上之物，供養于佛，獲得最上富貴吉祥之福，是名應供之號。」

「云何正等覺？」

佛言：「如來具一切智，於一切處無不了知，以四念處、四正斷、四神足、五根、五力、七覺支、八聖道、十

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本佛說十號經

西天譯經三藏朝散大夫試鴻臚少卿明教大師臣天息災奉詔譯

如來（Tathagata，意為「如實而來者」）、應供（Arhat，意為「值得供養者」）、正等覺（Samyaksambuddha，意為「完全覺悟者」）、明行足（Vidyacharana-sampanna，意為「智慧和德行都圓滿者」）、善逝（Sugata，意為「善於逝世者」）、世間解（Lokavidu，意為「瞭解世間一切事理者」）、無上士（Anuttara，意為「無與倫比者」）、調御丈夫（Purushadamyasarathi，意為「善於調伏眾生者」）、天人師（Shasta Devamanushyanam，意為「天人和人類的導師」）、佛（Buddha，意為「覺悟者」）、世尊（Bhagavan，意為「世間最尊貴者」）。

阿難（Ananda，佛陀的十大弟子之一）問道：『什麼是如來？』

佛（Buddha）告訴比丘（bhiksu，出家修行的僧人）們：『我過去在因地為菩薩（Bodhisattva，發願成佛的修行者）時，經歷修行各種善行，爲了求得無上正等正覺（Anuttara-samyak-sambodhi，無上圓滿的覺悟），現在得到菩提（Bodhi，覺悟）涅槃（Nirvana，解脫），一切真實不虛。以八聖道（Arya Ashtanga Marga，達到涅槃的八條途徑）的正見所證得，名為如來。如同過去的正等正覺者，調伏息滅妄心，得以到達涅槃，所以名為如來。』

『什麼是應供？』

佛說：『過去在因位時所修行的善法威儀戒品，以十善根的力量修習增長，如此修習圓滿直至究竟的果位，證得涅槃時斷盡一切煩惱，使身、口、意清凈無染，永遠斷除煩惱，如同砍斷多羅樹的樹頭，永遠不再生出新芽。再次，因為貪、瞋、癡等煩惱斷盡的緣故，一切諸趣（輪迴的各個去處）永遠不再結生，超越了四難——生、老、病、死——的苦果之法，惑和苦兩種都不會再生起，因此立名為應供。』

『再次，令世間所有的衣服、臥具、飲食、湯藥、幢幡、寶蓋、香花、燈果，以及天上人間最上等的物品，供養于佛，能夠獲得最上等的富貴吉祥的福報，這就是應供的稱號。』

『什麼是正等覺？』

佛說：『如來具有一切智慧，對於一切處所沒有不瞭解的，以四念處（Sati Patthana，四種觀修方法）、四正斷（Sammappadhana，四種正確的努力）、四神足（Iddhipada，四種成就的途徑）、五根（Indriya，五種控制能力）、五力（Bala，五種力量）、七覺支（Bojjhanga，七種覺悟的因素）、八聖道（Arya Ashtanga Marga，達到涅槃的八條途徑）、十

【English Translation】 English version Buddha Speaks of the Ten Titles Sutra

Translated by Tripitaka Master Tian Xizai of the Mingjiao Monastery, Grand Master of Court of Imperial Sacrifices, Acting Vice President of the Court of State Ceremonial of the Western Regions, under Imperial Decree

Tathagata (Thus Come One), Arhat (Worthy of Offerings), Samyaksambuddha (Perfectly Enlightened One), Vidyacharana-sampanna (Perfect in Knowledge and Conduct), Sugata (Well-Gone), Lokavidu (Knower of the World), Anuttara (Unsurpassed One), Purushadamyasarathi (Tamer of Men), Shasta Devamanushyanam (Teacher of Gods and Humans), Buddha (Enlightened One), Bhagavan (World Honored One).

Ananda (one of the ten principal disciples of the Buddha) asked: 'What is Tathagata?'

The Buddha (Buddha) told the bhikshus (bhiksu, monks who have left home to practice): 'In the past, when I was a Bodhisattva (Bodhisattva, a practitioner who vows to become a Buddha) in the causal stage, I went through the practice of various good deeds, in order to seek Anuttara-samyak-sambodhi (unsurpassed perfect enlightenment). Now I have attained Bodhi (Bodhi, enlightenment) and Nirvana (Nirvana, liberation), all of which is true and not false. What is realized through the Right View of the Eightfold Noble Path (Arya Ashtanga Marga, the eight paths to reach Nirvana) is called Tathagata. Like the Perfectly Enlightened Ones of the past, who subdued and extinguished their deluded minds, and were able to reach Nirvana, therefore they are called Tathagata.'

'What is Arhat?'

The Buddha said: 'In the past, the good conduct, dignified precepts, and the power of the ten wholesome roots that were practiced in the causal stage were cultivated and increased. Having cultivated in this way to the ultimate stage, when Nirvana is attained, all afflictions are completely cut off, so that body, speech, and mind are pure and undefiled, and afflictions are permanently destroyed, like cutting off the head of a Tala tree, so that it never sprouts again. Furthermore, because afflictions such as greed, hatred, and delusion are exhausted, all destinies (various realms of reincarnation) will never again be reborn, transcending the four difficulties—birth, old age, sickness, and death—the laws of suffering, and both delusion and suffering will never arise again, therefore the title Arhat is established.'

'Furthermore, causing all the clothes, bedding, food, medicine, banners, jeweled canopies, incense, flowers, lamps, fruits, and the most supreme objects in heaven and earth to be offered to the Buddha, one can obtain the most supreme blessings of wealth and auspiciousness, this is the title of Arhat.'

'What is Samyaksambuddha?'

The Buddha said: 'The Tathagata possesses all wisdom, and there is nothing that is not known in all places. With the Four Foundations of Mindfulness (Sati Patthana, four types of contemplation), the Four Right Exertions (Sammappadhana, four correct efforts), the Four Bases of Power (Iddhipada, four paths to accomplishment), the Five Roots (Indriya, five controlling faculties), the Five Powers (Bala, five powers), the Seven Factors of Enlightenment (Bojjhanga, seven factors of enlightenment), the Eightfold Noble Path (Arya Ashtanga Marga, the eight paths to reach Nirvana), ten

二緣生、四諦法等如是之法，平等開覺一切眾生，令起智斷惑，證須陀洹果、斯陀含果、阿那含果、阿羅漢，具三明、六通，復于大乘作意思求，歷修諸地，斷盡結習，成無上覺，此名正等正覺。」

「云何明行足？」

佛言：「明，謂：天眼明、宿命明、漏盡明；行足者，為如來身、口、意業，善修滿足，正真清凈。如有大衣缽等，自在觀照而無愛著，于自願力一切之行，修令滿足，號明行足。」

「云何善逝？」

佛言：「即妙往之義，如貪、瞋、癡等引諸有情往彼惡趣，非名善逝。如來正智慧斷諸惑，妙出世間，能往佛果，故名善逝。」

「云何世間解無上士？」

佛言：「世間者，謂欲界、色界、無色界。地獄、餓鬼、傍生等類，各具色蘊、受蘊、想蘊、行蘊、識蘊，眼根、耳根、鼻根、舌根、身根、意根，及彼六識所緣境等一切諸法，名曰世間。正覺正知名世間解。又彼世間所有二足、四足、多足、無足、欲色諸天、有想無想、非有想非無想、若凡若聖，一切有情之中，唯佛第一最上無等，名無上士。」

「云何調御丈夫？」

佛言：「佛是大丈夫，而能調御善惡二類。惡者，起不善三業，而作諸惡，墮地獄、餓鬼、傍生而得惡報；善者，于身、口、意

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本：『二緣生』（兩種緣起）、『四諦法』（四聖諦）等這樣的法，平等地開啟覺悟一切眾生，使他們生起智慧，斷除迷惑，證得『須陀洹果』（Sotapanna，入流果）、『斯陀含果』（Sakadagami，一來果）、『阿那含果』（Anagami，不還果）、『阿羅漢』（Arhat，無學果），具備『三明』（三種智慧）、『六通』（六種神通），並且對於大乘佛法產生思考和追求，經歷修習各個階位，斷盡煩惱習氣，成就無上正等正覺，這叫做『正等正覺』。

『云何明行足？』

佛說：『明』，指的是：『天眼明』（能夠看見眾生生死因果的智慧）、『宿命明』（能夠知曉過去世的智慧）、『漏盡明』（斷盡煩惱的智慧）；『行足』，指的是如來的身、口、意業，善於修習圓滿，真正清凈。比如擁有大衣和缽等，自在地觀察而不產生愛著，對於自己發願要做到的一切行為，修習到圓滿，號為『明行足』。

『云何善逝？』

佛說：『就是妙好地前往的意思。』比如貪、嗔、癡等引導眾生前往惡趣，不能稱為『善逝』。如來以真正的智慧能夠斷除各種迷惑，美妙地脫離世間，能夠前往佛果，所以叫做『善逝』。

『云何世間解無上士？』

佛說：『世間』，指的是欲界、色界、無色界。地獄、餓鬼、傍生等各類眾生，各自具有色蘊、受蘊、想蘊、行蘊、識蘊，眼根、耳根、鼻根、舌根、身根、意根，以及這六識所緣的境界等一切諸法，叫做『世間』。正確地覺悟和認識這些叫做『世間解』。而且世間所有二足、四足、多足、無足的眾生，欲界和色界諸天，有想、無想、非有想非無想的眾生，無論是凡夫還是聖人，一切有情眾生之中，只有佛陀是第一、最上、無與倫比的，叫做『無上士』。

『云何調御丈夫？』

佛說：『佛是大丈夫，能夠調伏和駕馭善惡兩類眾生。』惡的眾生，造作不善的身、口、意三業，從而造作各種惡行，墮入地獄、餓鬼、傍生而得到惡報；善的眾生，在身、口、意

【English Translation】 English version: 'Two conditions arising', 'Four Noble Truths' (the Four Noble Truths), and other such Dharmas equally awaken all sentient beings, causing them to generate wisdom, sever delusions, and attain the fruits of 'Sotapanna' (Stream-enterer), 'Sakadagami' (Once-returner), 'Anagami' (Non-returner), and 'Arhat' (Worthy One), possessing 'Three Clear Knowledges' (threefold wisdom), 'Six Supernormal Powers' (six kinds of supernatural abilities), and further contemplating and seeking the Great Vehicle, progressing through the cultivation of various stages, completely severing all residual habits, and attaining unsurpassed perfect enlightenment; this is called 'Perfectly and Fully Enlightened'.

'What is perfect in knowledge and conduct?'

The Buddha said: 'Knowledge' refers to: 'Clairvoyance' (the wisdom to see the causes and effects of beings' births and deaths), 'Knowledge of Past Lives' (the wisdom to know past lives), 'Knowledge of the Extinction of Outflows' (the wisdom to completely sever afflictions); 'Conduct Perfect' refers to the Tathagata's body, speech, and mind, being well cultivated and fulfilled, truly pure. For example, possessing robes and bowls, freely observing without attachment, and cultivating all actions according to one's vows to fulfillment, is called 'Perfect in Knowledge and Conduct'.

'What is Well-Gone?'

The Buddha said: 'It means wonderfully departing.' For example, greed, anger, and delusion lead sentient beings to evil realms, which is not called 'Well-Gone'. The Tathagata, with true wisdom, can sever all delusions, wonderfully transcend the world, and can go to the fruit of Buddhahood, therefore it is called 'Well-Gone'.

'What is Knower of the World, Unsurpassed One?'

The Buddha said: 'The world' refers to the Desire Realm, Form Realm, and Formless Realm. Beings in hell, hungry ghosts, animals, and other categories, each possessing the aggregates of form, feeling, perception, mental formations, and consciousness, the sense faculties of eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind, and all Dharmas such as the objects of these six consciousnesses, are called 'the world'. Correctly awakening to and knowing these is called 'Knower of the World'. Moreover, among all sentient beings in the world, whether two-legged, four-legged, many-legged, or legless, gods in the Desire and Form Realms, beings with thought, without thought, neither with nor without thought, whether ordinary or noble, only the Buddha is the first, the highest, and unparalleled, called 'Unsurpassed One'.

'What is Tamer of Men?'

The Buddha said: 'The Buddha is a great hero who can tame and subdue both good and evil beings.' Evil beings create unwholesome actions of body, speech, and mind, thus committing various evil deeds, falling into hell, hungry ghost, and animal realms, and receiving evil retribution; good beings, in body, speech, and mind

而修眾善，得人天福果。此之善惡皆由心作，佛以第一義善涅槃之法，顯示調御令離垢染，獲得最上寂滅涅槃，是故得名調御丈夫。」

「云何天人師？」

佛言：「非與阿難一苾芻為師，所有苾芻、苾芻尼、烏波塞、烏波夷及天上、人間、沙門、婆羅門、魔王、外道，釋、梵、龍、天悉皆歸命，依教奉行，俱作佛子，故名天人師。」

「云何名佛？」

「智慧具足，三覺圓明，是故名佛。」

佛告阿難：「我昔經行之次，有婆羅門而來問我：『何故汝之父母為汝立名呼為佛邪？』佛即答言：『世所知者，我能了知；世所觀者，我亦能觀；所得滅者，我亦得滅。我具一切智，一切了知。我從無數劫種種修行，遠塵離垢，今得無上菩提，故立佛號。』」

「云何世尊？」

佛言：「我于因地自審觀察所有善法、戒法、心法、智慧法，復觀貪等不善之法，能招諸有生、滅等苦，以無漏智破彼煩惱得無上覺，是故天人凡聖、世出世間咸皆尊重，故曰世尊。」

佛說十號經

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本：『通過修行各種善行，可以獲得人天福報。這些善與惡都是由心所造作的。佛陀以第一義諦的涅槃之法，來開示調伏和駕馭眾生，使他們遠離煩惱垢染，獲得最上寂靜的涅槃，因此被稱為調御丈夫。』

『為什麼被稱為天人師呢？』

佛說：『不是隻以阿難（Ananda，佛陀的十大弟子之一）一個比丘（bhiksu，出家男子）為師，而是所有的比丘、比丘尼（bhiksuni，出家女子）、優婆塞（upasaka，在家男居士）、優婆夷（upasika，在家女居士），以及天上、人間、沙門（sramana，出家修行者）、婆羅門（brahman，古印度祭司階層）、魔王（Mara，佛教中的惡魔）、外道（tirthika，佛教以外的修行者），釋（Sakya，釋迦族）、梵（Brahma，梵天）、龍（Naga，龍族）、天（Deva，天神）都歸順於佛，依照佛的教導奉行，都成為佛的弟子，所以被稱為天人師。』

『為什麼被稱為佛呢？』

『智慧圓滿具足，身、口、意三覺圓融明徹，所以被稱為佛。』

佛告訴阿難：『我過去在經行的時候，有一個婆羅門來問我：『為什麼你的父母為你取名叫做佛呢？』我回答說：『世人所知道的，我都能了知；世人所看到的，我也能看到；所能達到的寂滅，我也能達到。我具備一切智慧，一切都能了知。我從無數劫以來，通過種種修行，遠離塵垢，現在證得無上菩提，所以立名為佛。』』

『為什麼被稱為世尊呢？』

佛說：『我在因地修行時，自己審察觀察所有的善法、戒法、心法、智慧法，又觀察貪婪等不善之法，能夠招致各種有生、有滅等痛苦。我用無漏的智慧破除這些煩惱，證得無上覺悟，因此天上、人間、凡夫、聖人、世間、出世間都尊重我，所以被稱為世尊。』

《佛說十號經》

【English Translation】 English version: 'By cultivating various virtuous deeds, one can attain the blessings of humans and gods. These good and evil actions are all created by the mind. The Buddha uses the Dharma of Nirvana, which is the ultimate truth, to reveal how to tame and control sentient beings, enabling them to be free from defilements and attain the supreme, tranquil Nirvana. Therefore, he is called the Taming Hero.'

'Why is he called the Teacher of Gods and Humans?'

The Buddha said, 'It is not that only Ananda (one of the Buddha's ten great disciples) is his disciple, but all bhikshus (ordained monks), bhikshunis (ordained nuns), upasakas (lay male devotees), upasikas (lay female devotees), as well as gods, humans, sramanas (ascetics), brahmans (priestly class in ancient India), Mara (the demon king), tirthikas (non-Buddhist practitioners), Sakya (the Sakya clan), Brahma (the Brahma god), Nagas (dragon deities), and Devas (gods) all take refuge in the Buddha, follow his teachings, and become disciples of the Buddha. Therefore, he is called the Teacher of Gods and Humans.'

'Why is he called Buddha?'

'Because he is complete with wisdom, and his three kinds of enlightenment (body, speech, and mind) are perfect and clear, therefore he is called Buddha.'

The Buddha told Ananda, 'Once, when I was walking, a brahman came and asked me, 'Why did your parents name you Buddha?' I replied, 'What the world knows, I know; what the world sees, I see; what can be extinguished, I have extinguished. I possess all wisdom, and I know everything. From countless kalpas (eons) I have cultivated various practices, far from dust and defilement, and now I have attained unsurpassed Bodhi (enlightenment), therefore I am called Buddha.''

'Why is he called World Honored One?'

The Buddha said, 'When I was practicing in the causal stage, I examined and observed all virtuous dharmas, precepts, mind dharmas, and wisdom dharmas. I also observed unwholesome dharmas such as greed, which can bring about suffering such as birth and death. I used undefiled wisdom to break through these afflictions and attained unsurpassed enlightenment. Therefore, gods, humans, ordinary beings, sages, worldly beings, and those beyond the world all respect me, so I am called World Honored One.'

The Sutra on the Ten Titles of the Buddha