T17n0805_佛說栴檀樹經

大正藏第 17 冊 No. 0805 佛說栴檀樹經

No. 805

佛說栴檀樹經

失譯人名，今附漢錄

聞如是：

一時佛從比丘在維耶梨國，有迦羅越，奉佛明法，請佛供養。佛咒愿畢，迦羅越于佛前肅然，愿聞法義。佛便笑，五色光從口而出，繞身三匝，還從頂入。阿難整衣服，叉手白佛言：「佛不妄笑，笑必說法，有所濟度。愿為說之！」

天尊曰：「善哉，阿難！弘慈欲為一切開通法橋。沙門之儀，汝應其式；今者演之，諦聽執受。彼國有五百人，入海采寶，置船步還，經歷深山，日暮止宿，預嚴早發，四百九十九人，皆引行去。一人臥熟失輩，仍遇天雨雪，失去徑路，窮厄山中，啼哭呼天。有大栴檀香樹，樹神謂窮人言：『可止留此，自相給衣食，到春可去。』

「窮人便留，至於三月，啟樹神言：『受恩得全身命，未有微報，顧有二親，今在本土，實思得還，愿乞發遣！』樹神言：『善！』便自從意，以金一餅賜之：『去此不遠，當得國邑，可得還汝鄉里。』

「窮人臨去，問神言：『此樹香潔，世所希有，今當委還，愿知其名！』神言：『不須問也！』窮人復言：『依陰此樹，積歷三月，今當委還，情懷恨恨。若到本國，當宣揚樹恩

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本聞如是：一時，佛陀與比丘們在維耶梨國（Viyali，古印度城市名）居住，有一位迦羅越（Kalavata，在家信徒）敬奉佛陀的教法，邀請佛陀接受供養。佛陀誦唸咒語祝願完畢，迦羅越在佛陀面前恭敬地站立，希望聽聞佛法的要義。佛陀便笑了，五種顏色的光芒從口中射出，環繞身體三圈，又從頭頂進入。阿難（Ananda，佛陀的十大弟子之一）整理好衣服，合掌向佛陀稟告說：『佛陀不會無緣無故地發笑，發笑必定是爲了說法，有所救濟。希望您能為我們解說！』天尊（對佛陀的尊稱）說：『好啊，阿難！你以弘大的慈悲心，想要為一切眾生開通通往佛法的橋樑。作為沙門（Shramana，出家修行者）的儀範，你應該這樣做；現在我就為你演說，仔細聽聞並牢記在心。』『那個國家有五百人，入海去採集寶物，捨棄船隻步行返回，經過深山，天黑了就停下來住宿，約定好早點出發。四百九十九人都動身離開了，只有一人睡得很熟，錯過了同伴，又遇到下雨下雪，迷失了道路，在窮困的山中，啼哭呼喊。有一棵巨大的栴檀香樹（Chandana，一種珍貴的香木），樹神對這個窮困的人說：『你可以留在這裡，自己想辦法解決衣食，等到春天就可以離開了。』『窮人便留了下來，住了三個月，向樹神稟告說：『我受到您的恩惠，得以保全性命，還沒有機會報答您，而且我還有父母，現在還在家鄉，實在想回去，希望您能讓我離開！』樹神說：『好！』便順從了他的意願，用一塊金子賞賜給他：『從這裡走不遠，就會到達國都，你可以從那裡回到你的家鄉。』『窮人在臨走的時候，問樹神說：『這棵樹香氣純凈，世間罕見，現在我將要離開，希望知道它的名字！』樹神說：『不需要問了！』窮人又說：『我依靠這棵樹的庇護，已經住了三個月，現在將要離開，心中非常不捨。如果我回到家鄉，一定會宣揚這棵樹的恩德！』

【English Translation】 English version Thus have I heard: At one time, the Buddha was residing with the Bhikkhus (monks) in the country of Viyali (an ancient Indian city). There was a Kalavata (a lay devotee) who revered the Buddha's teachings and invited the Buddha for offerings. After the Buddha finished reciting the mantras of blessing, the Kalavata stood respectfully before the Buddha, wishing to hear the essence of the Dharma. The Buddha then smiled, and five-colored lights emanated from his mouth, circling his body three times, and then re-entered from the top of his head. Ananda (one of the Buddha's ten great disciples) adjusted his robes, clasped his hands, and reported to the Buddha, 'The Buddha does not smile without a reason; a smile must be for the sake of teaching the Dharma, to provide salvation. May you explain it for us!' The Celestial Honored One (a respectful title for the Buddha) said, 'Excellent, Ananda! With great compassion, you wish to open the bridge to the Dharma for all beings. As a model for the Shramanas (ascetics), you should do so; now I will expound it for you, listen carefully and keep it in mind.' 'In that country, there were five hundred people who went to sea to collect treasures, abandoned their ships and returned on foot, passing through deep mountains. When it got dark, they stopped to rest, agreeing to set off early. Four hundred and ninety-nine people left, but one person was fast asleep and missed his companions. He encountered rain and snow, lost his way, and in the impoverished mountains, he cried and called out to the heavens. There was a large Chandana (sandalwood) tree, and the tree spirit said to the impoverished man, 'You can stay here, find your own means of clothing and food, and you can leave in the spring.' 'The impoverished man stayed, and after three months, he reported to the tree spirit, 'I have received your grace and been able to preserve my life, but I have not had the opportunity to repay you. Moreover, I have parents who are still in my hometown, and I really want to return. I hope you will allow me to leave!' The tree spirit said, 'Good!' and complied with his wishes, rewarding him with a piece of gold: 'Not far from here, you will reach the capital city, and from there you can return to your hometown.' 'As the impoverished man was about to leave, he asked the tree spirit, 'This tree has a pure fragrance, rare in the world, and now I am about to leave. I hope to know its name!' The tree spirit said, 'There is no need to ask!' The impoverished man said again, 'I have relied on the shelter of this tree for three months, and now I am about to leave, feeling very reluctant. If I return to my hometown, I will surely proclaim the kindness of this tree!'

！』神便言：『樹名栴檀，根莖枝葉，治人百病，其香遠聞。世之奇異，人所貪求，不須道也！』

「窮人還至故國，中外親親，歡喜相樂。后無幾間，國王病頭痛，禱祝天地、山水諸神，病不消差。名醫省視，惟當得栴檀香以護，病便得愈。王即募求民間，無有便宣令國中得栴檀香者，拜為封侯，妻以小女。

「時窮人聞償祿重，便詣王所白言：『我知栴檀香處！』王便令近臣將窮人往伐取香樹。至到樹所，使者見樹洪直，枝條茂盛，華果煌煌，人所希見，心不忍伐。不伐者，則違王命，病不消愈；伐之者，中心隱隱。踟躕徘徊，不知云何？樹神便於空中言：『便伐之，但置其根耳！伐已，以人血涂之，肝腸覆其上，樹自當生，還復如故。』使者聞神言如此，便令人伐之。窮人住在樹邊，樹跢地，枝摽殺窮人。

「使者便與左右議言：『曏者樹神言：「當得人血、肝腸以祠樹。」心為憮然，不知當以誰塞此？此人今死，便以當之！』則屠割取其肝血，如神所敕，樹即更生。車載所伐樹，以還國中。醫即進藥，王病得愈，舉國歡喜。王命國中人民，其有病者，皆詣宮門，王出香藥給之，病皆得愈。王身康寧，黎民無病，舉國忻忻，遂致太平。」

阿難退坐，稽首質言：「是窮人何無反覆，違

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本：』樹神便說：『這種樹名叫栴檀（candana，一種香木），它的根莖枝葉可以治療人的各種疾病，它的香味遠播。這是世上奇異之物，人們都貪求它，不用我說你也應該知道！』窮人回到自己的國家，與國內外的親戚朋友歡聚一堂，非常快樂。不久之後，國王得了頭痛病，他向天地、山水諸神祈禱，但病情沒有好轉。名醫診斷後認為，只有用栴檀香來保護，病才能痊癒。國王立即在民間懸賞，如果有人能找到栴檀香，就封他為侯，並把小女兒嫁給他。當時，窮人聽說賞賜很重，就到國王那裡稟告說：『我知道哪裡有栴檀香！』國王便命令近臣帶著窮人去砍伐香樹。到了樹的地方，使者看到樹木高大挺拔，枝繁葉茂，花果鮮艷，是人們罕見的，心中不忍砍伐。不砍伐，就違背了國王的命令，國王的病就不能痊癒；砍伐，心中又感到隱隱作痛。他猶豫徘徊，不知如何是好？樹神便在空中說：『砍伐它吧，只要留下樹根就行了！砍伐后，用人的血塗在樹根上，再用肝腸覆蓋在上面，樹自然會生長，恢復如初。』使者聽了樹神的話，便讓人砍伐。窮人住在樹邊，樹倒地時，樹枝打死了窮人。使者便與左右商議說：『剛才樹神說：「要用人的血和肝腸來祭祀樹。」心中感到不安，不知道該用誰來代替？這個人現在死了，就用他來代替吧！』於是他們宰殺窮人，取出他的肝血，按照樹神的吩咐做了，樹立刻又生長起來。使者用車載著砍伐的樹，回到國都。醫生立即用藥，國王的病痊癒了，舉國歡慶。國王命令國內人民，凡是有病的，都到王宮門口來，國王拿出香藥給他們，病都痊癒了。國王身體健康，百姓沒有疾病，舉國歡欣，於是達到了太平盛世。阿難（Ananda，佛陀的十大弟子之一，以記憶力超群著稱）退坐一旁，稽首請教說：『這個窮人為什麼這樣沒有信用，違背…

【English Translation】 English version: The tree spirit then said: 'This tree is called candana (sandalwood), its roots, stems, branches, and leaves can cure people of all kinds of diseases, and its fragrance spreads far and wide. It is a rare and wonderful thing in the world, and people covet it. You should know this without me having to say it!' The poor man returned to his homeland and rejoiced with his relatives and friends from near and far. Not long after, the king fell ill with a headache. He prayed to the heavens, the earth, and the gods of the mountains and rivers, but his illness did not subside. The renowned physician examined him and concluded that only the fragrance of candana could protect him and cure his illness. The king immediately issued a decree throughout the kingdom, offering to bestow the title of marquis and marry his youngest daughter to anyone who could obtain candana. At that time, the poor man heard of the great reward and went to the king to report: 'I know where there is candana!' The king then ordered a close minister to take the poor man to cut down the fragrant tree. When they arrived at the tree, the messenger saw that the tree was tall and straight, with lush branches and vibrant flowers and fruits, a sight rarely seen by people. He was reluctant to cut it down. If he did not cut it down, he would disobey the king's order, and the king's illness would not be cured; if he cut it down, he would feel a pang of conscience. He hesitated, not knowing what to do. The tree spirit then spoke from the air: 'Cut it down, but leave the roots! After cutting it down, smear the roots with human blood and cover them with human entrails, and the tree will naturally grow back as before.' The messenger heard the tree spirit's words and ordered someone to cut it down. The poor man was staying by the tree, and when the tree fell, a branch struck and killed him. The messenger then discussed with his attendants, saying: 'The tree spirit said earlier that we should use human blood and entrails to sacrifice to the tree. I feel uneasy about this, and I don't know who to use as a substitute. This man is now dead, so let's use him!' So they slaughtered the poor man, took his liver and blood, and did as the tree spirit had instructed. The tree immediately grew back. The messenger loaded the felled tree onto a cart and returned to the capital. The doctor immediately administered the medicine, and the king's illness was cured, and the whole country rejoiced. The king ordered the people of the country, all those who were sick, to come to the palace gate, and the king gave them fragrant medicine, and their illnesses were cured. The king was healthy, the people were free from disease, and the whole country was happy, and thus peace and prosperity were achieved. Ananda (one of the ten principal disciples of the Buddha, known for his exceptional memory) withdrew and sat down, bowed his head, and asked: 'Why was this poor man so untrustworthy, violating…

樹神重言誓？」

佛報曰：「乃往昔惟衛佛時，有父子三人。其父奉五戒，行十善，持八關齋，未曾懈怠；大兒常于中庭，空中燒香，供養十方諸佛；小弟愚癡，不知三尊，輒以衣覆香上。兄謂言：『此大重，何以犯之？』弟起惡意，誓言斷兄兩足；兄復起念，當拍殺弟。父言：『汝二子諍，使我頭痛。』大兒報言：『愿破我身為藥，令父疾損。』口不可妄言，故世世受罪。弟興惡意，欲斷兄足，後果將人往斷樹。兄欲拍殺弟，今作樹神，果因樹為體拍殺弟。時國王頭痛者，其父也，奉齋精進，故得尊貴。時言『使我頭痛』，後果頭痛。各受其殃。」

佛言：「罪福報應，如影隨形。」

佛廣為說身、口、意戒，迦羅越則向須陀洹跡，率將妻子，以家資上佛，各發道愿。

佛說經竟，迦羅越歡喜作禮。

佛說栴檀樹經

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本：『樹神為什麼要重複發誓呢？』佛陀回答說：『那是過去在惟衛佛（Vipassi Buddha）時期，有一對父子三人。父親遵守五戒，奉行十善，持守八關齋戒，從未懈怠；大兒子經常在中庭的空中燒香，供養十方諸佛；小兒子愚癡，不懂得尊敬三寶，總是用衣服蓋住香。哥哥對他說：『這非常重要，為什麼你要冒犯呢？』弟弟心生惡意，發誓要砍斷哥哥的雙腳；哥哥也生起念頭，要拍死弟弟。父親說：『你們兩個兒子爭吵，讓我頭痛。』大兒子回答說：『愿我粉身碎骨化為藥，讓父親的疾病減輕。』因為口中不可妄言，所以世世代代遭受罪報。弟弟心生惡意，想要砍斷哥哥的腳，結果真的帶人去砍樹。哥哥想要拍死弟弟，現在做了樹神，結果因為樹的緣故拍死了弟弟。當時頭痛的國王，就是他們的父親，因為奉齋精進，所以得到尊貴的果報。當時說『讓我頭痛』，結果真的頭痛。各自承受自己的業報。』佛陀說：『罪福的報應，就像影子跟隨形體一樣。』佛陀廣泛地講述了身、口、意的戒律，迦羅越（Kalavere）於是趨向須陀洹（Sotapanna）的果位，帶領妻子兒女，把家裡的財產獻給佛陀，各自發下修道的誓願。佛陀說完這部經，迦羅越歡喜地頂禮。《佛說栴檀樹經》

【English Translation】 English version: 『Why did the tree spirit repeat the oath?』 The Buddha replied: 『In the past, during the time of Vipassi Buddha (Vipassi Buddha), there was a father and three sons. The father observed the five precepts, practiced the ten virtues, and kept the eight precepts of fasting, never being懈怠(negligent); the eldest son often burned incense in the courtyard, offering it to the Buddhas of the ten directions; the youngest son was foolish and did not know the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha), always covering the incense with his clothes. The elder brother said to him: 『This is very important, why do you offend it?』 The younger brother conceived malice and vowed to cut off his brother's feet; the elder brother also conceived the thought of slapping his brother to death. The father said: 『You two sons quarrel, causing me a headache.』 The eldest son replied: 『May I break my body into medicine, so that my father's illness may be reduced.』 Because one should not speak falsely, they have suffered retribution generation after generation. The younger brother conceived malice and wanted to cut off his brother's feet, and as a result, he really took people to cut down the tree. The elder brother wanted to slap his brother to death, and now he has become a tree spirit, and as a result, he slapped his brother to death because of the tree. The king who had a headache at that time was their father, because he diligently observed the fast, so he obtained a noble reward. At that time, he said 『It gives me a headache,』 and as a result, he really had a headache. Each bears their own karmic retribution.』 The Buddha said: 『The retribution of sin and blessing is like a shadow following the form.』 The Buddha extensively explained the precepts of body, speech, and mind, and Kalavere (Kalavere) then approached the stage of Sotapanna (Sotapanna), leading his wife and children, offering the family's wealth to the Buddha, and each made vows to cultivate the path. After the Buddha finished speaking this sutra, Kalavere joyfully prostrated. The Sutra of the Sandalwood Tree Spoken by the Buddha