T01n0033_恒水經

大正藏第 01 冊 No. 0033 恒水經

No. 33 [No. 26(37), Nos. 34, 35]

佛說恒水經

西晉三藏法師法炬譯

聞如是：

一時，佛與大比丘僧、諸弟子、菩薩俱行到恒水。諸天人民、鬼神、龍、人非人，及初發道意者無央數，各持華香伎樂皆追從佛，已到恒水，施座而坐，眾會皆定。月十五日說戒時，阿難從坐起，正衣服，前作禮，以頭腦著佛足，卻長跪叉手白佛言：「諸弟子坐安定，愿佛可說戒經。」佛默然不應，阿難還就坐甚久。到夜半，阿難復起前，長跪叉手白佛言：「夜已半，諸弟子坐皆安定，愿聞佛說戒經。」佛復默然不應，阿難復還就坐大久。雞向欲鳴，阿難復起前，長跪叉手白佛言：「雞欲鳴，諸弟子愿欲聞說佛戒經。」

佛告阿難言：「人生死展轉五道以往來，在世間甚大勤苦，不自識知前世宿命本末者，皆坐心意不端故。人身甚難得，已得人身，佛經戒復難得值聞，已得聞佛經戒，信入佛道復難，已入佛道，守持經戒復難得。佛欲說戒經，今坐中有一弟子，不能持佛戒經，用是故佛不說戒經。」

阿難白佛言：「我不知何所弟子不持佛戒經？」

摩訶目乾連三昧徹視，見不持戒弟子，即起往至其前謂之言：「卿為佛作弟子，不能持戒法，是為捐棄之人，不應與尊者共同坐席，當起出，不得復入眾中。」佛告摩訶目乾連：「汝好曉令出不持戒弟子。」即自慚愧出去。

佛告諸弟子：「善聽今說法。」諸弟子皆叉手言：「唯然受教。」

佛言：「大海水有朝夕來往時不過故際，還去亦不過故際。諸弟子皆當端心正汝意，還自視中表五藏，思惟生死甚勤苦，當奉持戒經不當缺犯。持五戒者，還生世間作人。持十善者得生天。持二百五十戒者，現世可得阿羅漢、辟支佛、菩薩、佛泥洹大道。以道以受人身，當奉持經戒，死死不當缺犯大如毛髮；譬如海水朝夕來往時不敢過故際。海中有七寶。何謂七寶？一者白銀，二者黃金，三者珊瑚，四者白珠，五者車𤦲，六者明月珠，七者摩尼珠，是為海中七寶。今佛道中亦有七寶。」

佛言：「道寶是也。一者須陀洹，二者斯陀含，三者阿那含，四者阿羅漢，五者辟支佛，六者發意念度一切菩薩，七者佛泥洹大道，是為七寶。欲得道寶者，皆當棄捐淫泆、瞋恚、愚癡，持戒精進累積功德，中外清凈自守，無常高士如是。海水不受惡露，若有死人、污穢臭處、不清潔者，疾風吹著岸上。今佛道中不受污穢不持經戒惡人，諸有犯經戒者，乃牽臂出之。譬如四輩鼠：一者屋間鼠，二者家中鼠，三者野田鼠，四者清溷中鼠。屋間鼠不能居平地，平地鼠不能居屋間，野田中鼠不能居人家，人家鼠不能居野田，清溷中鼠不能出清溷中也，不知倉中饒谷故也。人復有四輩。何謂四輩？一輩人端心正意持戒不犯，欲得阿羅漢道。二輩人者持戒精進，欲得辟支佛道。三輩人持戒學問明經智慧，念度一切欲得佛道。四輩人託名為弟子，不能奉持明戒不欲學問，心意猶豫恐不得道故。是為前卻弟子，如是四輩鼠。」

佛言：「諸弟子！天下有五江，東流一江字沙祿，南流一江字阿夷，西流一江字恒，北流一江字默徘徊，中流名字為江；轉流入海皆棄本名字，當爲海水

現代漢語譯本： 佛陀在恒河邊，與眾多弟子和菩薩一同前行。無數的天人、鬼神、龍、人以及初發道心的人們，都帶著鮮花、香料和音樂跟隨佛陀。到達恒河后，大家各自就座，法會莊嚴寂靜。在月圓之日誦戒時，阿難起身整理衣物，向佛陀頂禮，然後長跪合掌，請求佛陀宣說戒律。佛陀沉默不語，阿難回到座位。到了半夜，阿難再次起身，長跪合掌，請求佛陀宣說戒律。佛陀依然沉默不語，阿難再次回到座位。快到雞鳴時，阿難又一次起身，長跪合掌，請求佛陀宣說戒律。 佛陀告訴阿難：『眾生在生死輪迴中輾轉於五道，在世間承受巨大的痛苦。他們不瞭解自己前世的因果，都是因為心意不正。人身難得，得到人身後，佛經戒律更難得聽聞。聽聞佛經戒律后，信入佛道更難。進入佛道后，守持戒律又更難。我之所以不宣說戒律，是因為在座的弟子中，有人不能持守戒律。』 阿難問佛陀：『我不知道哪個弟子不能持守戒律？』 大目犍連以神通觀察，發現有不持戒的弟子，便上前斥責他：『你身為佛陀弟子，卻不能持守戒律，是自甘墮落之人，不應與尊者同坐，應當離開，不得再入大眾之中。』佛陀告訴大目犍連：『你好好勸導不持戒的弟子離開。』那弟子感到慚愧，便離開了。 佛陀告訴眾弟子：『仔細聽我說法。』眾弟子合掌說：『謹遵教誨。』 佛陀說：『大海的水潮起潮落，從不超越既定的界限。你們應當端正心意，反觀自身，思惟生死的痛苦，應當奉持戒律，不可違犯。持守五戒的人，可以轉生為人。持守十善的人，可以昇天。持守二百五十戒的人，今生可以證得阿羅漢、辟支佛、菩薩、佛的涅槃大道。既然以道得人身，就應當奉持戒律，即使像毛髮般微小的戒律也不可違犯。就像海水潮起潮落，不敢超越既定的界限一樣。海中有七寶，分別是白銀、黃金、珊瑚、白珠、車渠、明月珠和摩尼珠。佛道中也有七寶。』 佛陀說：『道寶就是須陀洹、斯陀含、阿那含、阿羅漢、辟支佛、發願度一切眾生的菩薩和佛的涅槃大道。想要得到道寶的人，都應當捨棄淫慾、嗔恚和愚癡，持守戒律，精進修行，積累功德，內外清凈，像無常的高士一樣。海水不接受污穢，如果有死人、污穢之物或不潔之物，會被疾風吹到岸上。佛道也不接受污穢不持戒律的惡人，凡是違犯戒律的人，都會被驅逐出去。就像四種老鼠：屋間鼠、家中鼠、田野鼠和廁所鼠。屋間鼠不能住在平地，平地鼠不能住在屋間，田野鼠不能住在人家，人家鼠不能住在田野，廁所鼠不能離開廁所，它們不知道糧倉里有豐富的糧食。人也有四種：第一種人端正心意，持守戒律，想要證得阿羅漢道。第二種人持戒精進，想要證得辟支佛道。第三種人持戒學習經典，擁有智慧，想要度化一切眾生，證得佛道。第四種人託名為弟子，卻不能奉持戒律，不願學習，心意猶豫，害怕不能得道。他們是退步的弟子，就像這四種老鼠一樣。』 佛陀說：『諸位弟子，天下有五條江河，東流的叫沙祿，南流的叫阿夷，西流的叫恒，北流的叫默徘徊，中間的叫江。它們流入大海后，都失去了原來的名字，統稱為海水。』

English version: The Buddha was by the Ganges River, walking with many disciples and Bodhisattvas. Countless gods, humans, ghosts, spirits, dragons, and those who had just begun their spiritual journey followed the Buddha with flowers, incense, and music. Upon reaching the Ganges, they all took their seats, and the assembly was solemn and quiet. On the full moon day, during the recitation of precepts, Ananda rose, adjusted his robes, bowed to the Buddha, and then knelt with palms together, requesting the Buddha to expound the precepts. The Buddha remained silent, and Ananda returned to his seat. At midnight, Ananda rose again, knelt with palms together, and requested the Buddha to expound the precepts. The Buddha remained silent, and Ananda returned to his seat again. As dawn approached, Ananda rose once more, knelt with palms together, and requested the Buddha to expound the precepts. The Buddha told Ananda, 'Beings in the cycle of birth and death transmigrate through the five realms, enduring great suffering in the world. They do not understand the causes and effects of their past lives because their minds are not upright. It is difficult to obtain a human body, and having obtained it, it is even more difficult to hear the Buddha's teachings and precepts. Having heard the teachings and precepts, it is even more difficult to enter the path of the Buddha. Having entered the path, it is even more difficult to uphold the precepts. The reason I have not expounded the precepts is that there is a disciple among us who cannot uphold them.' Ananda asked the Buddha, 'I do not know which disciple cannot uphold the precepts?' Mahamogallana, with his divine vision, saw a disciple who was not upholding the precepts. He went to him and rebuked him, saying, 'You are a disciple of the Buddha, yet you cannot uphold the precepts. You are a degenerate person and should not sit with the venerable ones. You should leave and not return to the assembly.' The Buddha told Mahamogallana, 'You should properly advise the disciple who is not upholding the precepts to leave.' The disciple felt ashamed and left. The Buddha told the disciples, 'Listen carefully to my teachings.' The disciples joined their palms and said, 'We will follow your teachings.' The Buddha said, 'The waters of the ocean rise and fall, never exceeding their established boundaries. You should all rectify your minds, reflect on yourselves, contemplate the suffering of birth and death, and uphold the precepts without violation. Those who uphold the five precepts can be reborn as humans. Those who uphold the ten virtues can be reborn in heaven. Those who uphold the two hundred and fifty precepts can attain the path of Arhat, Pratyekabuddha, Bodhisattva, and the Nirvana of the Buddha in this life. Since you have obtained a human body through the path, you should uphold the precepts, not violating even the smallest one, like a hair. Just as the ocean's tides rise and fall without exceeding their boundaries. There are seven treasures in the ocean: silver, gold, coral, white pearls, tridacna, moon pearls, and mani pearls. There are also seven treasures in the Buddha's path.' The Buddha said, 'The treasures of the path are Srotapanna, Sakadagami, Anagami, Arhat, Pratyekabuddha, Bodhisattvas who vow to liberate all beings, and the Nirvana of the Buddha. Those who wish to obtain the treasures of the path should abandon lust, anger, and ignorance, uphold the precepts, practice diligently, accumulate merit, be pure inside and out, and be like a noble person who is aware of impermanence. The ocean does not accept filth. If there are dead bodies, filth, or unclean things, they will be blown ashore by the wind. The Buddha's path also does not accept impure and unprincipled people who do not uphold the precepts. Those who violate the precepts will be expelled. It is like the four kinds of rats: house rats, home rats, field rats, and toilet rats. House rats cannot live on the ground, ground rats cannot live in houses, field rats cannot live in homes, home rats cannot live in fields, and toilet rats cannot leave the toilet. They do not know that there is abundant grain in the granary. There are also four kinds of people: the first kind has an upright mind, upholds the precepts, and seeks to attain the path of Arhat. The second kind upholds the precepts diligently and seeks to attain the path of Pratyekabuddha. The third kind upholds the precepts, studies the scriptures, has wisdom, and seeks to liberate all beings and attain the path of the Buddha. The fourth kind claims to be disciples but cannot uphold the precepts, does not want to learn, and is hesitant, fearing that they cannot attain the path. They are regressing disciples, like these four kinds of rats.' The Buddha said, 'Disciples, there are five rivers in the world. The one flowing east is called Saluka, the one flowing south is called Aji, the one flowing west is called Ganges, the one flowing north is called Mopaihuai, and the one in the middle is called Jiang. When they flow into the ocean, they all lose their original names and are collectively called seawater.'

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佛言：「諸弟子！有婆羅門種，有剎利種，有工師種，有田家種，有乞人。有若於輩，各自道說言：『我種豪貴。』如愧富樂貧賤，當如五江水入海，若干輩為佛作弟子，皆當棄本名字，乃為是佛弟子耳！安得復有貴賤自貢高？先知當教後知，不得言：『我知道。』自憍貴；不得言：『學久知經多。』不得言：『我所作意應道，彼所作非作。』是者皆為犯戒，不得入眾中也。道法長幼相教護，當相承用，有未解經道者，不得向說深事，此為大過。天下大雨水，水流入水溝，水溝流入溪澗，溪澗流入江，江流入海中，海水不增不減。諸弟子！學道得須陀洹者，有得斯陀含、阿那含者，有得阿羅漢者，有得辟支佛者，有得阿惟越致者，有得佛泥洹道者，來者去者，佛道亦不增亦不減，如海水不增不減也。」

佛言：「海中有大魚，一者長四千里，二者長八千里，三者長萬二千里，四者長萬六千里，五者長二萬里，六者長二萬四千里，七者長二萬八千里。學問不值明師，安知天下有大道乎？乘船游于洿池泉流，安知天下有江海？佛經如江海，一切世間經書皆因佛經而出，經難得再見聞，當取諷誦讀，卻後數千萬億歲，乃復有佛經戒耳。日月星宿當有壞敗時，奉行佛經戒無有壞滅時。自今已后，佛不復說經戒。佛經戒甚重，中有受持戒犯惡者，頭破作七分故也。」

佛說經訖，諸弟子皆一心重持戒法，諸天人民、鬼神、龍皆起前，以頭面著地，為佛作禮而去

現代漢語譯本：佛說：『各位弟子！有婆羅門種姓，有剎帝利種姓，有工匠種姓，有農民種姓，有乞丐。這些人中，各自都說：『我的種姓高貴。』如同富貴貧賤的差別，應當像五條江河的水流入大海一樣，這些人成為佛的弟子后，都應當拋棄原先的姓名，才能算是佛的弟子！怎麼還能有貴賤之分，自高自大呢？先入門的應當教導后入門的，不能說：『我知道。』就驕傲自滿；不能說：『我學得久，知道的經典多。』就自以為是；不能說：『我所做的符合道理，他所做的不是。』這些都是犯戒的行為，不能留在僧團中。佛法講究長幼互相教導和保護，應當互相尊重和學習，對於那些還不理解佛經教義的人，不能向他們講授深奧的道理，這是很大的過錯。天下大雨，水流入水溝，水溝流入溪澗，溪澗流入江河，江河流入大海，海水不會因此增加也不會減少。各位弟子！學習佛法，有證得須陀洹果位的，有證得斯陀含果位的，有證得阿那含果位的，有證得阿羅漢果位的，有證得辟支佛果位的，有證得阿惟越致果位的，有證得佛涅槃之道的，來來往往，佛道也不會因此增加也不會減少，就像海水不會增加也不會減少一樣。』 佛說：『海里有大魚，第一條長四千里，第二條長八千里，第三條長一萬二千里，第四條長一萬六千里，第五條長二萬里，第六條長二萬四千里，第七條長二萬八千里。學習知識卻遇不到明師，怎麼會知道天下有大道呢？乘船在小水池裡遊玩，怎麼會知道天下有江海？佛經就像江海，世間一切經書都因佛經而產生，佛經難得再見聞，應當誦讀，過數千萬億年，才會有佛經戒律出現。日月星辰都會有壞滅的時候，奉行佛經戒律卻沒有壞滅的時候。從今以後，佛不再講經說法。佛經戒律非常重要，其中有受持戒律卻犯惡的人，會像頭破裂成七份一樣。』 佛說完經后，各位弟子都一心一意地重視持守戒律，諸天人民、鬼神、龍都來到佛前，以頭面觸地，向佛行禮后離去。

English version: The Buddha said, 'Disciples! There are Brahmins, Kshatriyas, artisans, farmers, and beggars. Among these, each says, 『My lineage is noble.』 Just as there are differences between rich and poor, when these people become disciples of the Buddha, they should abandon their original names to be considered disciples of the Buddha! How can there still be distinctions of noble and lowly, and self-importance? Those who entered first should teach those who entered later, and should not say, 『I know,』 and become arrogant; they should not say, 『I have studied longer and know more scriptures,』 and become self-righteous; they should not say, 『What I do is right, and what he does is wrong.』 These are all violations of the precepts and cannot remain in the Sangha. The Dharma emphasizes that elders and juniors should teach and protect each other, and should respect and learn from each other. For those who do not yet understand the teachings of the scriptures, one should not teach them profound doctrines, as this is a great mistake. When it rains heavily, the water flows into ditches, the ditches flow into streams, the streams flow into rivers, and the rivers flow into the sea, the seawater neither increases nor decreases. Disciples! In learning the Dharma, some attain the Srotapanna stage, some the Sakadagami stage, some the Anagami stage, some the Arhat stage, some the Pratyekabuddha stage, some the Aviveka stage, and some the path to Buddha's Nirvana. Those who come and go, the Buddha's path neither increases nor decreases, just like the seawater neither increases nor decreases.' The Buddha said, 'In the sea, there are large fish, the first being four thousand miles long, the second eight thousand miles long, the third twelve thousand miles long, the fourth sixteen thousand miles long, the fifth twenty thousand miles long, the sixth twenty-four thousand miles long, and the seventh twenty-eight thousand miles long. If one studies knowledge but does not encounter a wise teacher, how can one know that there is a great path in the world? If one travels in a small pond, how can one know that there are rivers and seas in the world? The Buddha's scriptures are like the rivers and seas, and all the scriptures in the world originate from the Buddha's scriptures. The Buddha's scriptures are difficult to encounter again, and one should recite and study them. After tens of millions of years, the Buddha's scriptures and precepts will appear again. The sun, moon, and stars will have times of destruction, but the practice of the Buddha's scriptures and precepts will never be destroyed. From now on, the Buddha will no longer preach the scriptures. The Buddha's scriptures and precepts are very important, and those who uphold the precepts but commit evil will be like their heads breaking into seven pieces.' After the Buddha finished speaking the scriptures, all the disciples wholeheartedly emphasized upholding the precepts. The gods, people, ghosts, and dragons all came before the Buddha, touched their heads to the ground, paid homage to the Buddha, and then departed.

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現代漢語譯本：佛說恒河水經

English version: The Buddha Speaks of the Ganges River Sutra