T01n0043_閻羅王五天使者經

大正藏第 01 冊 No. 0043 閻羅王五天使者經

No. 43 [No. 26(64), No. 42, No. 125(32.4)]

佛說閻羅王五天使者經

宋沙門慧簡譯

聞如是：

一時，佛在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園。佛告諸比丘：「善聽！以置心中。我以天眼徹見眾人生死所趣善惡之道，或有醜惡、或有勇強、或有怯弱，或生善道、或生惡道。凡人所作為皆分別知之。人身行惡口言噁心念惡，謗訕賢聖，見邪行邪，其人壽終，便墮惡道入泥犁中。凡人身行善口言善心念善，稱譽賢聖，見正行正，其人壽終，便生天上人間。如是，比丘！我以天眼見人終，便生天上人間。如是比丘！我以天眼觀天雨墮水中，見一泡興一泡滅，我見人死識神出生，有好色者、有惡色者，有勇強者、有怯弱者，或生善處、或生苦處；自生自死如水泡無異。復譬如人以五彩縷貫琉璃珠，用珠凈故，縷色青黃赤白黑悉現分明；我見人死魂神出生亦如是。又如冥夜以明月珠懸著宮門，有人住一面，觀門中出入者，皆一一見之。又如居高樓上望見下人，往者來者走者步者坐者立者，我見人死時魂神出生，端正醜惡勇強怯弱，如所施行，分別知之。」

佛告諸比丘：「人生在世間時不孝父母，不敬沙門道人，不行仁義無可用心，不學經戒不畏後世者，其人身死，魂神當墮閻王。地獄主者輒持行，白王言其過惡：『此人非法，不孝父母，不敬沙門道人，不隨仁義，無可用心，無有福德，不恐畏死，當有所見；唯大王處其罰。』如是閻王，常先安徐，以忠正語為現五天使者而問言：『汝本不見，世間人始為嬰兒時，僵臥𡱁𡱤不能自護，口不知言語，亦不知好惡者耶？』人言：『已見，皆有是。』王言：『汝自謂獨不如是耶？人神從行，終即有生，雖尚未見，常當爲善，自端其身端其口端其意，奈何放心快志？』人言：『實愚闇不知故耳。』王曰：『汝自以愚癡作惡，非是父母師長君天、沙門道人過也。罪自由汝，豈得以不樂故止乎？今當受之。』是為閻王現第一天使。

「閻王復問：『子為人時，天使者次第到，寧能覺不？』人言：『實不覺知。』王曰：『汝不見世間丈夫母人，年老時發白齒墮、羸瘦僂步起居拄杖？』人言：『有是。』王曰：『汝謂獨可得不老？凡人已生，法皆當老，曼其強壯常當爲善，端身口心奉行經戒，奈何自放恣？』人言：『愚闇故耳。』王曰：『汝自以愚癡作惡，非是父母君天、沙門道人過也。罪自由汝，豈得以不樂故止乎？今當受之。』是為閻王正教現第二天使。

「閻王復問曰：『子為人時，豈不見世間男女婦人疾病者，軀體苦痛坐起不安，命近憂促，眾醫不能復治？』人言：『有是。』王曰：『汝謂可得不病耶？人生既老，法皆當病，曼身強健當勉為善，奉行經戒端身口意，奈何自放恣？』人言：『愚闇故耳。』王曰：『汝自以愚癡作惡，非父母君天、沙門道人過也、罪自由汝，豈得以不樂故止乎？今當受之。』是為閻王正教現第三天使。

「閻王復問曰：『子為人時，豈不見世間諸死亡者，或藏其尸、或棄損之，一日至七日肌肉壞敗，狐貍百鳥皆就食之，凡人已死身惡腐爛？』人言：『有是

現代漢語譯本： 佛陀在舍衛國的祇樹給孤獨園時，告訴眾比丘：『仔細聽，放在心裡。我以天眼能清楚看到眾生的生死輪迴，以及善惡的因果報應。有的眾生醜陋，有的勇猛，有的怯懦，有的生於善道，有的生於惡道。凡人所作所為，我都能分別知曉。如果有人身行惡事，口出惡言，心懷惡念，誹謗賢聖，見邪行邪，此人死後，就會墮入惡道，進入地獄。如果有人身行善事，口出善言，心懷善念，稱讚賢聖，見正行正，此人死後，就會升入天界或轉生人間。比丘們，我以天眼看到眾生去世后，會轉生到天界或人間。我以天眼觀察天雨落入水中，看到水泡生起又破滅，我看到人死後，識神離開身體，有的顏色美好，有的顏色醜惡，有的勇猛，有的怯懦，有的生於善處，有的生於苦處；就像水泡一樣，自生自滅。又比如，用五彩絲線穿過琉璃珠，因為珠子清澈，絲線的青黃赤白黑顏色都清晰可見；我看到人死後魂神離開身體也是如此。又比如，在黑暗的夜晚，將明月珠懸掛在宮門上，有人站在一邊，觀察宮門出入的人，都能一一看到。又比如，站在高樓上往下看，能看到下面的人，來來往往，走動、坐立，我看到人死時魂神離開身體，端正或醜陋，勇猛或怯懦，都根據他們生前的行為，分別知曉。』 佛陀告訴眾比丘：『人在世間時，不孝順父母，不尊敬沙門道人，不行仁義，沒有善心，不學習經戒，不畏懼後世，此人死後，魂神會墮入閻王那裡。地獄的獄卒會把他帶去，向閻王稟告他的罪惡：『此人不守法度，不孝順父母，不尊敬沙門道人，不遵循仁義，沒有善心，沒有福德，不畏懼死亡，應該受到懲罰；請大王對他進行處罰。』閻王通常會先緩和語氣，用忠正的語言，向他展示五位天使，然後問道：『你難道沒見過，世間的人剛出生時，像嬰兒一樣，僵臥在床上，不能自己保護自己，口不能言語，也不知道好壞嗎？』那人回答：『見過，都有這種情況。』閻王說：『你難道認為自己不會這樣嗎？人的魂神會不斷輪迴，最終都會有新的生命，雖然你還沒看到，但應該常常行善，端正自己的身口意，為什麼放縱自己的慾望？』那人說：『實在是因為愚昧無知。』閻王說：『你因為愚癡而作惡，這不是父母師長、君王、沙門道人的過錯。罪過在於你自己，難道因為不喜歡就可以逃避嗎？現在應當承受懲罰。』這是閻王展示的第一位天使。 『閻王又問：『你活著的時候，天使依次到來，你難道沒有察覺嗎？』那人說：『確實沒有察覺。』閻王說：『你難道沒見過世間的男人女人，年老時頭髮變白，牙齒脫落，身體瘦弱，彎腰駝背，走路要拄著枴杖嗎？』那人說：『見過。』閻王說：『你難道認為自己不會變老嗎？凡是出生的人，都會變老，趁著自己強壯的時候，應該常常行善，端正身口意，奉行經戒，為什麼放縱自己？』那人說：『因為愚昧無知。』閻王說：『你因為愚癡而作惡，這不是父母君王、沙門道人的過錯。罪過在於你自己，難道因為不喜歡就可以逃避嗎？現在應當承受懲罰。』這是閻王正教展示的第二位天使。 『閻王又問：『你活著的時候，難道沒見過世間的男女婦人患病，身體痛苦，坐立不安，生命垂危，醫生也無法醫治嗎？』那人說：『見過。』閻王說：『你難道認為自己不會生病嗎？人既然會老，就一定會生病，趁著身體健康的時候，應該努力行善，奉行經戒，端正身口意，為什麼放縱自己？』那人說：『因為愚昧無知。』閻王說：『你因為愚癡而作惡，這不是父母君王、沙門道人的過錯。罪過在於你自己，難道因為不喜歡就可以逃避嗎？現在應當承受懲罰。』這是閻王正教展示的第三位天使。 『閻王又問：『你活著的時候，難道沒見過世間死去的人，有的被埋葬，有的被拋棄，一天到七天，肌肉腐爛，狐貍和鳥類都來吃食，凡是死去的人，身體都會腐爛嗎？』那人說：『見過。』

English version: At one time, the Buddha was in the Jeta Grove of Anathapindika in Sravasti. The Buddha told the monks: 'Listen carefully and keep it in your hearts. With my divine eye, I can clearly see the cycle of birth and death of all beings, as well as the karmic consequences of good and evil. Some beings are ugly, some are brave, some are timid, some are born in good realms, and some are born in evil realms. I can discern all the actions of ordinary people. If someone commits evil deeds with their body, speaks evil words, harbors evil thoughts, slanders the virtuous, and engages in wrong practices, after death, this person will fall into evil realms and enter hell. If someone performs good deeds with their body, speaks good words, harbors good thoughts, praises the virtuous, and engages in right practices, after death, this person will ascend to the heavens or be reborn in the human realm. Monks, with my divine eye, I see that after beings die, they are reborn in the heavens or the human realm. I observe with my divine eye the rain falling into the water, seeing bubbles rise and burst. I see that after people die, their consciousness leaves their bodies, some with beautiful colors, some with ugly colors, some brave, some timid, some born in good places, and some born in suffering places; just like bubbles, they arise and disappear. It is also like threading five-colored threads through a crystal bead. Because the bead is clear, the colors of the threads—blue, yellow, red, white, and black—are all clearly visible. I see that after people die, their souls leave their bodies in the same way. It is also like hanging a bright moon pearl at the palace gate on a dark night. Someone standing on one side can see everyone entering and leaving the gate. It is also like standing on a high tower and looking down, seeing people coming and going, walking, sitting, and standing. I see that when people die, their souls leave their bodies, whether they are beautiful or ugly, brave or timid, and I know all of this based on their actions in life.' The Buddha told the monks: 'When people are in the world, if they are not filial to their parents, do not respect monks and ascetics, do not practice benevolence and righteousness, do not have good intentions, do not study the scriptures and precepts, and do not fear the afterlife, after death, their souls will fall to Yama, the King of Hell. The jailers of hell will take them and report their sins to Yama: 『This person did not follow the law, was not filial to their parents, did not respect monks and ascetics, did not follow benevolence and righteousness, did not have good intentions, did not have merit, and did not fear death. They should be punished; please, Your Majesty, punish them.』 Yama usually first softens his tone and uses righteous words to show them five messengers, and then asks: 『Have you not seen that when people are first born into the world, they are like infants, lying stiffly in bed, unable to protect themselves, unable to speak, and not knowing good from bad?』 The person replies: 『I have seen it, it is so.』 Yama says: 『Do you think you will not be like this? The souls of people will continue to cycle, and eventually there will be new life. Although you have not seen it yet, you should always do good, correct your body, speech, and mind. Why do you indulge your desires?』 The person says: 『It is because of my ignorance.』 Yama says: 『You committed evil because of your ignorance. It is not the fault of your parents, teachers, rulers, or monks and ascetics. The sin is your own. Can you avoid it just because you don't like it? Now you must bear the punishment.』 This is the first messenger that Yama shows. 'Yama asks again: 『When you were alive, did you not notice the messengers coming one after another?』 The person says: 『I did not notice.』 Yama says: 『Have you not seen the men and women in the world, when they are old, their hair turns white, their teeth fall out, their bodies become thin, they are hunched over, and they need a cane to walk?』 The person says: 『I have seen it.』 Yama says: 『Do you think you will not grow old? All who are born will grow old. While you are strong, you should always do good, correct your body, speech, and mind, and follow the scriptures and precepts. Why do you indulge yourself?』 The person says: 『Because of my ignorance.』 Yama says: 『You committed evil because of your ignorance. It is not the fault of your parents, rulers, or monks and ascetics. The sin is your own. Can you avoid it just because you don't like it? Now you must bear the punishment.』 This is the second messenger that Yama shows with righteous teachings. 'Yama asks again: 『When you were alive, have you not seen the men and women in the world who are sick, suffering in their bodies, unable to sit or stand comfortably, their lives in danger, and doctors unable to cure them?』 The person says: 『I have seen it.』 Yama says: 『Do you think you will not get sick? Since people grow old, they will get sick. While you are healthy, you should strive to do good, follow the scriptures and precepts, and correct your body, speech, and mind. Why do you indulge yourself?』 The person says: 『Because of my ignorance.』 Yama says: 『You committed evil because of your ignorance. It is not the fault of your parents, rulers, or monks and ascetics. The sin is your own. Can you avoid it just because you don't like it? Now you must bear the punishment.』 This is the third messenger that Yama shows with righteous teachings. 'Yama asks again: 『When you were alive, have you not seen the people in the world who have died, some buried, some abandoned, their flesh decaying in one to seven days, with foxes and birds coming to eat them? All who die, their bodies will decay?』 The person says: 『I have seen it.』

。』王曰：『汝謂獨可得不死耶？凡人已生，法皆當死，曼在世間常為善，來身口意奉行經戒，奈何自放恣？』人言：『愚闇故耳。』王曰：『汝自作惡，非是父母君天、沙門道人過也。罪自由汝，不得以不樂故止，今當受之。』是為閻王正教現第四天使。

「閻王復問曰：『子為人時，獨不見世間弊人惡子，為吏所捕取，案罪所應刑法加之，或斷手足或削鼻耳，銳掠治刓刻肌膚，熱沙沸膏燒灌其形，裹蘊火燎懸頭日炙，屠割支解毒痛參並？』人言：『有是。』王曰：『汝謂為惡獨可得解耶？眼見世間罪福分明，何不守善敕身口意奉行經道。云何自快心？』人言：『愚闇故耳。』王曰：『汝自用心，作不忠正，非是父母君天、沙門道人過也。今是殃罪要當自受，豈得以不樂故止耶？』是為閻王忠正之教現第五天使者。」

佛說已，諸弟子皆受教誡，各前作禮

現代漢語譯本：國王說：『你認為只有你能不死嗎？凡是人已經出生，按照規律都應當會死，即使在世間常常行善，來世身口意都奉行戒律，又怎麼能放縱自己呢？』那人說：『是因為我愚昧無知啊。』國王說：『是你自己作惡，不是父母君主上天、沙門道人的過錯。罪過在於你自己，不能因為不喜歡就停止，現在應當承受它。』這就是閻王正直的教誨，顯現的第四位使者。 閻王又問：『你做人的時候，難道沒見過世間那些壞人惡棍，被官吏抓捕，按照罪行施加刑罰，有的被砍斷手腳，有的被削掉鼻子耳朵，用銳器刮削刻畫肌膚，用熱沙沸油燒燙身體，用火包裹燒烤，懸掛頭顱在太陽下暴曬，屠殺肢解，各種毒痛一起襲來？』那人說：『有這樣的事。』國王說：『你認為作惡就能逃脫嗎？親眼看到世間罪福分明，為什麼不堅守善行，約束身口意，奉行經道。怎麼能放縱自己的心意呢？』那人說：『是因為我愚昧無知啊。』國王說：『是你自己用心不正，不是父母君主上天、沙門道人的過錯。現在這些災禍罪過都要自己承受，怎麼能因為不喜歡就停止呢？』這就是閻王忠誠正直的教誨，顯現的第五位使者。」 佛說完這些，眾弟子都接受了教誨，各自上前行禮。

English version: The king said, 'Do you think you alone can escape death? All who are born must, by law, die. Even if one constantly does good in the world, and in the next life practices the precepts with body, speech, and mind, how can one indulge oneself?' The person said, 'It is because of my ignorance.' The king said, 'It is you who committed evil, not the fault of your parents, ruler, heaven, or the monks. The sin is your own, and you cannot stop it because you dislike it; now you must bear it.' This is the righteous teaching of Yama, the fourth angel manifested. Yama then asked, 'When you were a human, did you not see the wicked and evil people of the world, who were arrested by officials, and according to their crimes, were subjected to punishments, some having their hands and feet cut off, some having their noses and ears cut off, their skin scraped and carved with sharp instruments, their bodies burned with hot sand and boiling oil, wrapped in fire and roasted, their heads hung in the sun to be exposed, butchered and dismembered, with various poisonous pains all at once?' The person said, 'Yes, there are such things.' The king said, 'Do you think that doing evil can be escaped? Having seen clearly the distinction between sin and blessing in the world, why not uphold good, restrain your body, speech, and mind, and practice the teachings? How can you indulge your own desires?' The person said, 'It is because of my ignorance.' The king said, 'It is your own mind that is not upright, not the fault of your parents, ruler, heaven, or the monks. Now you must bear these calamities and sins yourself; how can you stop it because you dislike it?' This is the loyal and righteous teaching of Yama, the fifth angel manifested.' After the Buddha finished speaking, all the disciples accepted the teachings and each came forward to pay their respects.

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現代漢語譯本：佛說閻羅王派遣五位使者的經典

English version: The Sutra Spoken by the Buddha on the Five Messengers of King Yama