T01n0063_解夏經

大正藏第 01 冊 No. 0063 解夏經

No. 63 [No. 26(121), Nos. 61, 62, No. 99(1212), No. 100(228), No. 125(32.5)]

佛說解夏經

西天譯經三藏朝奉大夫試光祿卿明教大師臣法賢奉　詔譯

如是我聞：

一時，佛在王舍城迦蘭陀竹林精舍，與五百苾芻眾俱，皆是阿羅漢，諸漏已盡所作已辦，除諸重擔逮得己利，盡諸有結心善解脫。唯一苾芻現居學位，世尊已為授記，見法得法當證滿果。

爾時，世尊安居既滿，當解夏時，於十五日與苾芻眾敷座而坐。會眾坐已，是時，佛告苾芻眾言：「我今已得梵行寂靜，是最後身，以無上藥斷除諸病。我之弟子，了知諸法皆已通達，是故我今說解夏法。諸苾芻眾！我于夏中所有身口意業，汝等可忍？」

是時，尊者舍利弗聞佛語已，從座而起偏袒右肩，右膝著地合掌向佛，而白佛言：「世尊！如佛所說，我今已得梵行寂靜，乃至身口意業可忍者。我等知佛，身口意業無諸過失，我等苾芻今無可忍。于意云何？我佛世尊，難調者能調，無止息者善為止息，無安隱者而善安慰，未寂靜者令得寂靜，如來善了正道，善說正道，開示正道，乃至我等樂聲聞菩提者，佛為善說，令聲聞等如理修行而證聖果。是故我等，于佛世尊身口意法而無可忍。」

爾時，尊者舍利弗白佛言：「世尊！我今對佛身口意業所有不善，求佛可忍。」

佛告舍利弗：「汝今所有身口意業，我當忍可。于意云何？汝，舍利弗！具戒多聞，少欲知足，斷諸煩惱，發大精進，安住正念，具等引慧、聞慧、捷慧、利慧、出離慧、了達慧、廣大清凈慧、甚深慧、無等慧，具大慧寶。未見者令見，未調伏者令得調伏，未聞法者而為說法，具瞋恚者而令歡喜，能為四眾說法無倦。譬如金輪王子，而受灌頂繼紹王位，依法而治。汝，舍利弗！亦復如是，為我之子，受灌頂法紹法王位，如我所轉無上法輪，如我漏盡證得解脫。是故汝，舍利弗！所有三業我今忍可。」

時舍利弗聞佛忍可，投誠禮謝。復白佛言：「世尊！如佛為我忍可三業，於此會中五百苾芻，身口意業所有不善，唯愿世尊，亦如是忍。」

佛告舍利弗：「五百苾芻所有三業，我亦可忍。于意云何？此五百苾芻皆是阿羅漢，諸漏已盡所作已辦，除諸重擔逮得己利，盡諸有結心善解脫，唯一苾芻現居學位，而此苾芻我已授記，見法得法當證滿果。舍利弗！是故我於五百苾芻所有三業，皆悉可忍。」

爾時，舍利弗重白佛言：「世尊！我與五百苾芻眾等，所有三業佛已可忍。我今有疑，當復啟請。愿佛世尊！為我分別。世尊！此五百苾芻中，幾苾芻得三明法？復幾苾芻得俱解脫？復幾苾芻得慧解脫？」

佛告舍利弗：「此五百苾芻中，九十苾芻得三明法，九十苾芻得俱解脫，餘者苾芻得慧解脫。舍利弗！如是苾芻，盡諸煩惱，皆住真實。」

爾時會中有一尊者，名嚩擬舍，作如是念：「我今對佛苾芻眾前，以解夏伽陀伸于讚歎。」是時尊者嚩擬舍，作是念已，從座而起，偏袒右肩右膝著地，合掌恭肅，說伽陀曰：

「解夏十五日，　　清凈行律儀， 五百苾芻眾，　　悉斷煩惱縛

現代漢語譯本：這是我聽到的： 一時，佛陀在王舍城的迦蘭陀竹林精舍，與五百位比丘一同居住，他們都是阿羅漢，已經斷盡了所有煩惱，完成了該做的事情，卸下了所有重擔，獲得了自身的利益，解脫了一切束縛，內心得到了徹底的解脫。只有一位比丘還在學習階段，世尊已經為他授記，他將親見佛法，證得圓滿的果位。 當時，世尊安居期滿，即將解夏時，在十五日那天，與比丘們一起鋪設座位坐下。大家坐定后，佛陀告訴比丘們：『我如今已經獲得了梵行的寂靜，這是我最後一次投生，我用無上的良藥斷除了所有的疾病。我的弟子們，已經瞭解了所有的佛法，並且通達無礙，因此我今天宣說解夏之法。各位比丘！我在安居期間，身口意所造作的一切，你們可以容忍嗎？』 這時，尊者舍利弗聽了佛陀的話，從座位上站起來，袒露右肩，右膝跪地，合掌向佛，對佛說：『世尊！正如您所說，您已經獲得了梵行的寂靜，乃至身口意所作的一切都可以被容忍。我們知道佛陀的身口意沒有任何過失，我們這些比丘沒有什麼需要容忍的。您認為呢？我們的佛陀世尊，能夠調伏難以調伏的人，能夠讓沒有止息的人得到止息，能夠安慰沒有安穩的人，能夠讓沒有寂靜的人得到寂靜。如來善於瞭解正道，善於宣說正道，開示正道，乃至我們這些樂於聲聞菩提的人，佛陀都善於教導，使聲聞弟子們如理修行，證得聖果。因此，我們對於佛陀的身口意法，沒有什麼需要容忍的。』 這時，尊者舍利弗對佛陀說：『世尊！我今天向佛陀懺悔我身口意所造作的一切不善，請求佛陀容忍。』 佛陀告訴舍利弗：『你身口意所造作的一切，我都會容忍。你認為呢？舍利弗！你持戒精嚴，博學多聞，少欲知足，斷除了一切煩惱，發起了大精進，安住于正念，具備等引慧、聞慧、捷慧、利慧、出離慧、了達慧、廣大清凈慧、甚深慧、無等慧，擁有大智慧的寶藏。你能夠讓沒有見過佛法的人見到，讓沒有被調伏的人得到調伏，為沒有聽過佛法的人說法，讓充滿嗔恨的人感到歡喜，能夠為四眾說法而不知疲倦。就像金輪王子，接受灌頂繼承王位，依法治理國家一樣。你，舍利弗！也是如此，是我的兒子，接受灌頂之法，繼承法王的地位，像我一樣轉動無上的法輪，像我一樣斷盡煩惱，證得解脫。因此，你，舍利弗！所有身口意三業，我都會容忍。』 當時，舍利弗聽了佛陀的容忍，誠心禮謝。又對佛陀說：『世尊！正如佛陀容忍我的三業一樣，在這法會中的五百位比丘，他們身口意所造作的一切不善，也希望世尊能夠同樣容忍。』 佛陀告訴舍利弗：『這五百位比丘的所有三業，我也都會容忍。你認為呢？這五百位比丘都是阿羅漢，已經斷盡了所有煩惱，完成了該做的事情，卸下了所有重擔，獲得了自身的利益，解脫了一切束縛，內心得到了徹底的解脫。只有一位比丘還在學習階段，而這位比丘我已經為他授記，他將親見佛法，證得圓滿的果位。舍利弗！因此，我對於這五百位比丘的所有三業，都能夠容忍。』 這時，舍利弗再次對佛陀說：『世尊！我和五百位比丘的三業，佛陀都已經容忍了。我現在還有疑問，想要請教佛陀。世尊！請您為我分別說明。世尊！這五百位比丘中，有多少位比丘證得了三明法？有多少位比丘證得了俱解脫？又有多少位比丘證得了慧解脫？』 佛陀告訴舍利弗：『這五百位比丘中，有九十位比丘證得了三明法，有九十位比丘證得了俱解脫，其餘的比丘證得了慧解脫。舍利弗！這些比丘，都斷盡了煩惱，安住在真實之中。』 當時，法會中有一位尊者，名叫嚩擬舍，他心中想：『我今天要在佛陀和比丘眾面前，用解夏的偈頌來讚歎。』這時，尊者嚩擬舍想完之後，從座位上站起來，袒露右肩，右膝跪地，合掌恭敬，說了偈頌： 『解夏十五日，清凈行律儀，五百比丘眾，悉斷煩惱縛。』

English version: Thus have I heard: At one time, the Buddha was dwelling in the Kalandaka Bamboo Grove in Rajagriha, together with five hundred Bhikshus, all of whom were Arhats, their outflows exhausted, their tasks completed, their burdens laid down, their own benefit attained, all fetters destroyed, and their minds well liberated. Only one Bhikshu was still in the stage of learning, and the World-Honored One had already given him a prediction that he would see the Dharma, attain the Dharma, and realize the full fruit. At that time, the World-Honored One, having completed the retreat, was about to end the summer retreat. On the fifteenth day, he sat down with the Bhikshus on the seats that had been laid out. After everyone was seated, the Buddha said to the Bhikshus, 'I have now attained the peace of the Brahma-conduct. This is my last body, and I have used the supreme medicine to cut off all diseases. My disciples, having understood all the Dharmas and penetrated them without obstruction, therefore I now speak of the Dharma of ending the summer retreat. Bhikshus! During this summer retreat, can you tolerate all the actions of my body, speech, and mind?' At that time, the Venerable Shariputra, having heard the Buddha's words, rose from his seat, bared his right shoulder, knelt on his right knee, and with palms joined, addressed the Buddha, saying, 'World-Honored One! As you have said, you have attained the peace of the Brahma-conduct, and all the actions of your body, speech, and mind can be tolerated. We know that the Buddha's body, speech, and mind have no faults, and we Bhikshus have nothing to tolerate. What do you think? Our Buddha, the World-Honored One, is able to tame those who are difficult to tame, to bring to rest those who have no rest, to comfort those who have no comfort, and to bring peace to those who have no peace. The Tathagata is skilled in understanding the right path, skilled in speaking the right path, and skilled in revealing the right path. Even for us who are fond of the Bodhi of the Shravakas, the Buddha has taught well, enabling the Shravaka disciples to practice according to the Dharma and attain the holy fruit. Therefore, we have nothing to tolerate regarding the Buddha's body, speech, and mind.' At that time, the Venerable Shariputra said to the Buddha, 'World-Honored One! I now confess to the Buddha all the unwholesome actions of my body, speech, and mind, and ask the Buddha to tolerate them.' The Buddha said to Shariputra, 'All the actions of your body, speech, and mind, I will tolerate. What do you think? You, Shariputra! Are well-disciplined, learned, content with little, have cut off all afflictions, have generated great diligence, abide in right mindfulness, possess the wisdom of equanimity, the wisdom of hearing, the wisdom of quickness, the wisdom of sharpness, the wisdom of renunciation, the wisdom of understanding, the wisdom of vast purity, the wisdom of profundity, and the wisdom of incomparability, possessing the treasure of great wisdom. You are able to make those who have not seen the Dharma see it, to tame those who have not been tamed, to speak the Dharma to those who have not heard it, to make those who are full of anger happy, and to speak the Dharma to the four assemblies without weariness. Just like a golden-wheel prince, who receives the consecration and succeeds to the throne, and governs according to the law. You, Shariputra! Are also like this, you are my son, receiving the consecration of the Dharma, succeeding to the position of the Dharma King, turning the unsurpassed Dharma wheel as I do, and like me, having exhausted the outflows and attained liberation. Therefore, you, Shariputra! All your three actions, I now tolerate.' At that time, Shariputra, having heard the Buddha's tolerance, bowed down in sincere gratitude. He again said to the Buddha, 'World-Honored One! Just as the Buddha has tolerated my three actions, I hope that the World-Honored One will also tolerate all the unwholesome actions of the body, speech, and mind of the five hundred Bhikshus in this assembly.' The Buddha said to Shariputra, 'I also tolerate all the three actions of the five hundred Bhikshus. What do you think? These five hundred Bhikshus are all Arhats, their outflows exhausted, their tasks completed, their burdens laid down, their own benefit attained, all fetters destroyed, and their minds well liberated. Only one Bhikshu is still in the stage of learning, and I have already given this Bhikshu a prediction that he will see the Dharma, attain the Dharma, and realize the full fruit. Shariputra! Therefore, I can tolerate all the three actions of the five hundred Bhikshus.' At that time, Shariputra again said to the Buddha, 'World-Honored One! The three actions of myself and the five hundred Bhikshus have been tolerated by the Buddha. I now have a doubt and wish to ask the Buddha. World-Honored One! Please explain to me. World-Honored One! Among these five hundred Bhikshus, how many Bhikshus have attained the three kinds of knowledge? How many Bhikshus have attained liberation in both ways? And how many Bhikshus have attained liberation through wisdom?' The Buddha said to Shariputra, 'Among these five hundred Bhikshus, ninety Bhikshus have attained the three kinds of knowledge, ninety Bhikshus have attained liberation in both ways, and the rest of the Bhikshus have attained liberation through wisdom. Shariputra! These Bhikshus have exhausted all afflictions and abide in truth.' At that time, there was a Venerable one in the assembly named Vāgīśa, who thought, 'I will now express my praise with a verse of ending the summer retreat before the Buddha and the assembly of Bhikshus.' At that time, the Venerable Vāgīśa, having thought this, rose from his seat, bared his right shoulder, knelt on his right knee, and with palms joined respectfully, spoke the verse: 'On the fifteenth day of ending the summer retreat, the pure conduct and discipline are observed, the five hundred Bhikshus, all have cut off the bonds of affliction.'

。 皆盡諸漏法，　　而證聖果位， 內寂外善調，　　解脫而離有。 盡生死邊際，　　所作皆已辦， 無明我慢結，　　斷盡無有餘。 我佛最上尊，　　斷諸邪念法， 及斷有漏法，　　善除愛病苦。 愛滅不復生，　　離取大師子， 盡諸有怖畏，　　唯我佛世尊。 譬如金輪王，　　千子常圍繞， 善治四天下，　　調伏四海邊。 又如戰得勝，　　為最上調御， 聲聞得三明，　　離死法亦然。 佛子皆如是，　　證滅不復生， 我今禮法王，　　無上大日尊。」

是時嚩擬舍苾芻說此伽陀已，復還本座。

爾時尊者舍利弗與諸苾芻，聞佛宣說解夏之法，心生快利，踴躍歡喜，信受奉行

現代漢語譯本 他們都已斷盡一切煩惱，證得了聖者的果位。 內心寂靜，外在行為也善於調和，他們已解脫，不再受輪迴所束縛。 他們已到達生死輪迴的盡頭，該做的都已完成。 無明、我慢等煩惱的結縛，都被他們徹底斷除，沒有絲毫殘留。 我的佛陀是最至高無上的，他斷除了一切邪念和煩惱。 也斷除了一切有漏的法，善於消除愛慾帶來的痛苦。 愛慾熄滅，不再產生新的愛慾，他們像脫離束縛的獅子一樣。 他們已消除了一切對輪迴的恐懼，只有我的佛陀才是世尊。 譬如轉輪聖王，有一千個兒子常常圍繞著他。 他善於治理四大部洲，調伏四海邊疆。 又如在戰場上獲得勝利，成為最優秀的調御者。 聲聞弟子獲得三明，脫離生死的法則也是如此。 佛陀的弟子們都是這樣，證得涅槃，不再輪迴。 我今天禮敬法王，無上偉大的太陽尊者。 這時，嚩擬舍比丘說完這首偈頌后，回到自己的座位。 當時，尊者舍利弗和眾比丘，聽聞佛陀宣說解夏之法，心中感到無比的歡喜和快樂，信受奉行。

English version They have all exhausted the defilements, and attained the holy fruit. Their inner selves are tranquil, and their outer conduct is well-harmonized; they are liberated and free from existence. They have reached the end of the cycle of birth and death, and all that needed to be done has been accomplished. The bonds of ignorance and arrogance have been completely severed, with no trace remaining. My Buddha is the most supreme, having cut off all wrong thoughts and defilements. He has also cut off all defiled dharmas, and is skilled in removing the suffering caused by desire. Desire is extinguished, and no new desire arises; they are like lions freed from their bonds. They have eliminated all fear of samsara; only my Buddha is the World Honored One. Like a Chakravartin king, who is always surrounded by a thousand sons. He governs the four continents well, and subdues the borders of the four seas. And like one who has won a battle, becoming the most excellent tamer. The Sravakas who have attained the three knowledges, are also like this in their liberation from the law of death. The Buddha's disciples are all like this, having attained Nirvana and no longer reborn. Today, I pay homage to the Dharma King, the supreme and great Sun Honored One. At that time, the Bhikshu Vāgiśa, having spoken this verse, returned to his seat. Then, the Venerable Sariputra and the Bhikshus, having heard the Buddha expound the Dharma of the end of the rainy season retreat, felt great joy and happiness in their hearts, and accepted and practiced it.

The Buddha Speaks of the End of Retreat Sutra