T01n0078_兜調經

大正藏第 01 冊 No. 0078 兜調經

No. 78 [No. 26(170), Nos. 79-81]

佛說兜調經

失譯人名今附東晉錄

聞如是：

一時，佛在舍衛國。國中有一婆羅門，名曰兜調，有子名曰谷。兜調為人急弊，常喜罵詈，身死還自為其家作狗子，名曰騾。其子谷者愛是狗子，爲著金鎖，床臥常以氍氀𣰅𣰆，食以金盤美食。谷出至市，佛過谷門，白狗嚇佛。佛即言：「汝平常時舉手言咆，今反作狗嚇，不知慚愧。」狗便慚走，持頭面插床下啼淚出。佛去後，狗不復上所臥床，便寢臥地，食之不食。谷從外來，見狗不食，問家言：「狗何為如是？」家言：「屬者有一沙門來過，不審何言？狗因走入床下臥地，食之不食。」谷言：「沙門向何道去？」家言：「東去。」谷即隨而追及。

佛于樹下為諸比丘說經，佛遙見谷來，佛告諸比丘：「谷來不至道，死者便墮地獄中。」諸比丘問佛：「何為墮地獄中？」佛言：「是人持惡意來，欲害人故，當墮地獄中。」

谷至佛前，因問：「屬者何沙門過我門罵我狗？令不食、不臥其處。」

佛即報言：「我過汝門，白狗嚇我，即謂言：『汝平常時舉手言咆，今反作狗嚇，不知慚愧！』狗便慚走，持頭面插床下啼淚出。」

谷問佛：「是狗於我何等耶？」

佛言：「不須問，聞者令汝不樂。」

谷言：「聽，為我說之。」

佛言：「說者令汝瞋怒。」

谷言：「不敢瞋。愿欲聞之。」

佛言：「是汝父兜調也。」

谷言：「我父兜調在世時明經道經，不作狗。」

佛言：「但坐所知自貢高，故作狗耳。汝欲知審是汝父不？還歸於家，語狗言：『汝審是我父兜調者，當於故器中食。汝審是我父者，當還於故處臥。汝審是我父者，先時所有珍寶藏物當示我處。』」

谷即還歸，呼狗言：「騾！汝審是我父兜調者，當食是食。」狗即食其食。谷復言：「騾！汝審是我父者，當臥故處。」狗即臥故處。谷復言：「騾！汝審是我父者，先時所有珍寶藏物當示我處。」狗即以口指床右足下，以前兩足爬地示之。谷即掘騾所爬地，得珍寶琦物甚眾多。谷大歡喜，因還到佛所。

佛遙見之，告諸比丘：「今谷來，不至道，死者即生天上。」諸比丘問佛：「何因緣得生天上？」佛言：「是人持善意來故，當生天上。」

谷到佛所，前為佛作禮，白佛言：「審如佛語。」谷復問佛言：「人居世間，何故獨有壽者、有不壽者？何故獨有多病者、有少病者？何故面獨有好色者、有惡色者？何故獨有尊者、有卑者？何故獨有媚者、有不媚者？何故獨有富者、有貧者？何故獨有明者、有愚者？」

佛告谷：「人於世間喜殺生，無慈心者，死入地獄中；地獄中罪竟，復為人，即不壽。人於世間不殺生，有慈心，死上天；從天來下生人間，即長壽。人於世間喜斗亂，持刀杖恐人，死入地獄中；地獄中罪竟，復為人，即多病。人於世間喜和合，不持刀杖恐人，死生天上；從天來下生人間，即少病。人於世間喜瞋怒，聞善語亦怒，聞惡語亦怒，見賢者亦怒，見愚者亦怒，不別善惡但欲瞋怒，死入地獄中；地獄中罪竟，復為人，面無色萎黃熟

現代漢語譯本： 佛陀在舍衛國時，有一位名叫兜調的婆羅門，他有個兒子叫谷。兜調性情暴躁，喜歡罵人。他死後轉產生自己家裡的狗，名叫騾。他的兒子谷很喜歡這隻狗，給它戴上金鎖，讓它睡在鋪著毛毯的床上，用金盤盛放美食餵它。一天，谷出門去集市，佛陀路過他家門口，狗衝著佛陀叫。佛陀就說：『你平時趾高氣揚，現在卻變成狗叫，不知羞愧。』狗聽了很慚愧，跑回床下，把頭埋在床下哭泣。佛陀走後，狗不再上床睡覺，而是睡在地上，也不吃東西。谷從外面回來，見狗不吃東西，就問家裡人：『狗怎麼這樣？』家裡人說：『剛才有個沙門路過，不知道說了什麼，狗就跑進床下，睡在地上，不吃東西。』谷問：『沙門往哪個方向去了？』家裡人說：『往東去了。』谷就追了上去。 佛陀在樹下為眾比丘說法，遠遠看見谷來了，就告訴比丘們：『谷來時心懷惡意，死後會墮入地獄。』比丘們問佛陀：『為什麼會墮入地獄？』佛陀說：『這個人心懷惡意而來，想要害人，所以會墮入地獄。』 谷來到佛陀面前，問道：『剛才哪個沙門路過我家，罵我的狗，讓它不吃不睡？』 佛陀回答說：『我路過你家，你的狗衝我叫，我就說：『你平時趾高氣揚，現在卻變成狗叫，不知羞愧！』狗聽了很慚愧，跑回床下，把頭埋在床下哭泣。』 谷問佛陀：『這隻狗對我來說是什麼？』 佛陀說：『不必問，說了會讓你不高興。』 谷說：『請說，我想聽。』 佛陀說：『說了會讓你生氣。』 谷說：『我不會生氣，請您說。』 佛陀說：『它就是你父親兜調。』 谷說：『我父親兜調在世時精通經書，不會變成狗。』 佛陀說：『他只是因為自以為是，所以才變成狗。你想知道它是不是你父親嗎？回家后，對狗說：『如果你真的是我父親兜調，就吃以前的食物。如果你真的是我父親，就睡回以前的地方。如果你真的是我父親，就把以前藏的珍寶指給我看。』 谷回到家，對狗說：『騾！如果你真的是我父親兜調，就吃這個食物。』狗就吃了。谷又說：『騾！如果你真的是我父親，就睡回以前的地方。』狗就睡回以前的地方。谷又說：『騾！如果你真的是我父親，就把以前藏的珍寶指給我看。』狗就用嘴指著床的右腳下，用前爪刨地示意。谷就挖開狗刨的地方，得到了很多珍寶。谷非常高興，又回到佛陀那裡。 佛陀遠遠看見他，告訴比丘們：『現在谷來時心懷善意，死後會升入天堂。』比丘們問佛陀：『為什麼會升入天堂？』佛陀說：『這個人心懷善意而來，所以會升入天堂。』 谷來到佛陀面前，向佛陀行禮，說：『確實如佛陀所說。』谷又問佛陀：『人活在世上，為什麼有長壽的，有短壽的？為什麼有多病的，有少病的？為什麼有容貌好的，有容貌醜的？為什麼有尊貴的，有卑賤的？為什麼有受人喜愛的，有不受人喜愛的？為什麼有富有的，有貧窮的？為什麼有聰明的，有愚笨的？』 佛陀告訴谷：『世人喜歡殺生，沒有慈悲心，死後會墮入地獄；在地獄受罪結束后，再轉世為人，就會短壽。世人不殺生，有慈悲心，死後會升入天堂；從天堂下來轉世為人，就會長壽。世人喜歡爭鬥，用刀劍恐嚇他人，死後會墮入地獄；在地獄受罪結束后，再轉世為人，就會多病。世人喜歡和睦相處，不用刀劍恐嚇他人，死後會升入天堂；從天堂下來轉世為人，就會少病。世人喜歡發怒，聽見好話也怒，聽見壞話也怒，看見賢人也怒，看見愚人也怒，不辨善惡，只想發怒，死後會墮入地獄；在地獄受罪結束后，再轉世為人，就會面色萎黃。'

English version: At one time, the Buddha was in Shravasti. In the country, there was a Brahmin named Dudiao, who had a son named Gu. Dudiao was impatient and irritable, and often liked to scold people. After his death, he was reborn as a dog in his own house, named Mule. His son, Gu, loved this dog very much, put a gold chain on it, let it sleep on a bed covered with a rug, and fed it delicious food in a gold plate. One day, Gu went out to the market, and the Buddha passed by his door. The dog barked at the Buddha. The Buddha said, 'You used to be arrogant, but now you are barking like a dog, you should be ashamed.' The dog was ashamed and ran under the bed, burying its head and crying. After the Buddha left, the dog no longer slept on the bed, but slept on the ground and refused to eat. When Gu returned from outside and saw that the dog was not eating, he asked his family, 'Why is the dog like this?' The family said, 'A Shramana came by earlier, and we don't know what he said. The dog ran under the bed, slept on the ground, and refused to eat.' Gu asked, 'Which way did the Shramana go?' The family said, 'He went east.' Gu then chased after him. The Buddha was under a tree, teaching the Dharma to the Bhikkhus. The Buddha saw Gu coming from afar and told the Bhikkhus, 'Gu is coming with ill intentions, and after death, he will fall into hell.' The Bhikkhus asked the Buddha, 'Why will he fall into hell?' The Buddha said, 'This person is coming with ill intentions, wanting to harm others, so he will fall into hell.' Gu arrived before the Buddha and asked, 'Which Shramana passed by my door earlier and scolded my dog, causing it to not eat or sleep?' The Buddha replied, 'I passed by your door, and your dog barked at me, so I said, 'You used to be arrogant, but now you are barking like a dog, you should be ashamed!' The dog was ashamed and ran under the bed, burying its head and crying.' Gu asked the Buddha, 'What is this dog to me?' The Buddha said, 'No need to ask, hearing it will make you unhappy.' Gu said, 'Please tell me, I want to hear it.' The Buddha said, 'Telling you will make you angry.' Gu said, 'I will not be angry. I wish to hear it.' The Buddha said, 'It is your father, Dudiao.' Gu said, 'My father, Dudiao, was knowledgeable in scriptures when he was alive, he would not become a dog.' The Buddha said, 'He became a dog because of his arrogance. Do you want to know if it is your father? Go home and say to the dog, 'If you are truly my father, Dudiao, then eat from the old dish. If you are truly my father, then sleep in the old place. If you are truly my father, then show me where you hid the treasures before.'' Gu returned home and said to the dog, 'Mule! If you are truly my father, Dudiao, then eat this food.' The dog ate the food. Gu said again, 'Mule! If you are truly my father, then sleep in the old place.' The dog slept in the old place. Gu said again, 'Mule! If you are truly my father, then show me where you hid the treasures before.' The dog pointed with its mouth to the right foot of the bed and scratched the ground with its front paws to indicate the spot. Gu dug where the dog had scratched and found many treasures. Gu was very happy and returned to the Buddha. The Buddha saw him from afar and told the Bhikkhus, 'Now Gu is coming with good intentions, and after death, he will be reborn in heaven.' The Bhikkhus asked the Buddha, 'Why will he be reborn in heaven?' The Buddha said, 'This person is coming with good intentions, so he will be reborn in heaven.' Gu came before the Buddha, bowed to the Buddha, and said, 'It is indeed as the Buddha said.' Gu then asked the Buddha, 'Why are some people long-lived and some short-lived? Why are some people sickly and some healthy? Why are some people beautiful and some ugly? Why are some people noble and some lowly? Why are some people liked and some disliked? Why are some people rich and some poor? Why are some people intelligent and some foolish?' The Buddha told Gu, 'People in the world who like to kill and have no compassion will fall into hell after death. After their sins in hell are exhausted, they will be reborn as humans and will be short-lived. People in the world who do not kill and have compassion will ascend to heaven after death. After descending from heaven and being reborn as humans, they will be long-lived. People in the world who like to fight and threaten others with swords will fall into hell after death. After their sins in hell are exhausted, they will be reborn as humans and will be sickly. People in the world who like to live in harmony and do not threaten others with swords will ascend to heaven after death. After descending from heaven and being reborn as humans, they will be healthy. People in the world who like to be angry, get angry when they hear good words, get angry when they hear bad words, get angry when they see virtuous people, get angry when they see foolish people, do not distinguish between good and evil, and only want to be angry, will fall into hell after death. After their sins in hell are exhausted, they will be reborn as humans and will have a pale and withered complexion.'

。人於世間不瞋不怒，見賢者敬之，見愚者忍之，死上天；從天來下生人間，面色常好，為人和、心賢善。人於世間不媚者，見老人不起，不孝父母，見父母不敬愛，人有孝順敬父母及長老者，常恚恨之，死入地獄中；地獄中罪竟，復為人，即不媚，為眾人所憎惡。人於世間孝父母、敬長老，若有人不孝者、不敬長老者，輒往教之，喜為人說善言，死上天；從天來下生人間，為人所愛敬。人於世間憍慢、不敬尊者，自用強梁，死入地獄中；地獄中罪竟，復為人，因作下賤。人於世間不憍慢、常敬尊者，用人不強梁，死上天；從天來下生人間，因作尊者。人於世間慳貪，雖富不惠施貧人、不視宗親、不喜佈施，貪惜飲食，不施沙門道人，復不敢自飽，死入地獄中；地獄中罪竟，復為人；即貧賤乞丐。人於世間無慳貪之心，為人無貧富，好佈施沙門道人，施與貧者、愛視宗親，飯食常自飽滿，死上天；從天來下生，世富樂，為人所敬愛。人於世間聞有明經高遠，若沙門及道士，不好往問度世之道，心嫉高遠，死入地獄中；地獄中罪竟，復為人，即愚癡，無所識知，與畜生同伍。人於世間聞有明經高遠，若沙門道士，好往問度世之事，心不嫉妒，貪愛高遠，死即上天；從天來下生人間，為人即明經曉道，為眾人所尊用。」

佛言：「人作善者得上天，為惡者下入地獄；人求壽得壽，求不壽得不壽，求病得病，求不病得不病，求面好色得面好色，求惡色得惡色，求尊者得尊者，求下賤得下賤，求媚得媚，求不媚得不媚，求富得富、求貧得貧，求智得智、求愚得愚。人於世間作善惡，譬如種穀得谷、種麥得麥、種稻得稻，作善得善、作惡得惡。」

谷即卻長跪言：「前頭來時見狗不食，心懷瞋恚，愚癡故耳。今佛所語，如盲得視、如聾得聽、如人墮深水得出、如狂癡得愈、如人行冥中得見日月。愿從佛求哀乞悔過，唯加大恩，即奉行五戒為優婆塞。」

佛言：「後世人有諷誦是經者、若聽聞音聲者，心中惻然、衣毛為豎、淚即為出，如是者，其人皆當爲彌勒佛作弟子，得度世去

現代漢語譯本：人在世間不發怒不怨恨，見到賢德的人就尊敬他，見到愚笨的人就容忍他，這樣死後就能升上天界；從天界降生到人間，臉色常常很好，為人處世平和，心地善良。人在世間不諂媚，見到老人不站起來，不孝順父母，見到父母不尊敬愛戴，別人有孝順尊敬父母和長輩的，就常常怨恨他們，這樣死後就會墮入地獄；在地獄受罪完畢，再次轉生為人，就會不討人喜歡，被眾人厭惡。人在世間孝順父母、尊敬長輩，如果有人不孝順、不尊敬長輩，就去教導他們，喜歡向人說善言，這樣死後就能升上天界；從天界降生到人間，就會被人愛戴尊敬。人在世間驕傲自大、不尊敬長者，自以為是、強橫霸道，這樣死後就會墮入地獄；在地獄受罪完畢，再次轉生為人，就會成為。人在世間不驕傲自大、常常尊敬長者，用人不強橫霸道，這樣死後就能升上天界；從天界降生到人間，就會成為受人尊敬的人。人在世間吝嗇貪婪，即使富有也不施捨給窮人、不關心親族、不喜歡佈施，貪圖吝惜飲食，不施捨給僧人和道人，甚至不敢讓自己吃飽，這樣死後就會墮入地獄；在地獄受罪完畢，再次轉生為人，就會成為貧賤的乞丐。人在世間沒有吝嗇貪婪之心，對待他人不分貧富，喜歡佈施給僧人和道人，施捨給窮人、關愛親族，吃飯常常讓自己飽足，這樣死後就能升上天界；從天界降生到人間，就會富裕快樂，被人尊敬愛戴。人在世間聽說有精通佛經、見識高遠的人，無論是僧人還是道士，不喜歡去請教他們解脫世俗煩惱的道理，心中嫉妒他們的高遠，這樣死後就會墮入地獄；在地獄受罪完畢，再次轉生為人，就會愚笨無知，和畜生一樣。人在世間聽說有精通佛經、見識高遠的人，無論是僧人還是道士，喜歡去請教他們解脫世俗煩惱的事情，心中不嫉妒，喜愛他們的高遠，這樣死後就能升上天界；從天界降生到人間，就會精通佛經、明白道理，被眾人尊敬重用。 佛說：'人行善就能升上天界，作惡就會墮入地獄；人求長壽就能得到長壽，求不長壽就會得到不長壽，求疾病就會得到疾病，求不疾病就會得到不疾病，求容貌美好就會得到容貌美好，求容貌醜陋就會得到容貌醜陋，求受人尊敬就會得到受人尊敬，求就會得到**，求諂媚就會得到諂媚，求不諂媚就會得到不諂媚，求富有就會得到富有，求貧窮就會得到貧窮，求智慧就會得到智慧，求愚笨就會得到愚笨。人在世間行善作惡，就像種穀子得到穀子、種麥子得到麥子、種稻子得到稻子一樣，行善得到善報，作惡得到惡報。' 谷即刻長跪說：'我之前來的時候看到狗不吃東西，心中懷有嗔恨，真是愚癡啊。現在佛所說的話，就像盲人重見光明、聾子重獲聽力、人從深水中脫身、瘋癲之人痊癒、人在黑暗中見到日月一樣。我願向佛求哀懺悔過錯，懇請佛加大恩德，我將奉行五戒，成為優婆塞。' 佛說：'後世的人如果有誦讀這部經的，或者聽到這部經的聲音，心中感到悲傷、汗毛豎立、眼淚流出，這樣的人，都將成為彌勒佛的弟子，得到解脫世俗煩惱的機會。'

English version: A person in the world who does not get angry or resentful, respects the virtuous, and tolerates the foolish, will ascend to heaven after death; being born into the human world from heaven, their complexion is often good, they are peaceful in their dealings with others, and their hearts are kind. A person in the world who is not flattering, does not stand up when seeing the elderly, is not filial to their parents, and does not respect and love their parents, and often resents those who are filial and respectful to their parents and elders, will fall into hell after death; after suffering in hell, they will be reborn as a person who is not pleasing and is disliked by everyone. A person in the world who is filial to their parents and respects their elders, and if someone is not filial or respectful to their elders, they will teach them, and like to speak good words to others, will ascend to heaven after death; being born into the human world from heaven, they will be loved and respected. A person in the world who is arrogant, does not respect the elders, is self-righteous and domineering, will fall into hell after death; after suffering in hell, they will be reborn as a . A person in the world who is not arrogant, always respects the elders, and does not use people in a domineering way, will ascend to heaven after death; being born into the human world from heaven, they will become a respected person. A person in the world who is stingy and greedy, even if rich, does not give to the poor, does not care for their relatives, does not like to give alms, is greedy and stingy with food, does not give to monks and Taoists, and does not even dare to eat their fill, will fall into hell after death; after suffering in hell, they will be reborn as a poor beggar. A person in the world who has no stingy or greedy heart, treats others equally regardless of wealth, likes to give alms to monks and Taoists, gives to the poor, cares for their relatives, and often eats their fill, will ascend to heaven after death; being born into the human world from heaven, they will be wealthy and happy, and be respected and loved. A person in the world who hears of those who are knowledgeable in scriptures and have profound insights, whether monks or Taoists, does not like to ask them about the path to liberation from worldly troubles, and is jealous of their profundity, will fall into hell after death; after suffering in hell, they will be reborn as a foolish and ignorant person, like an animal. A person in the world who hears of those who are knowledgeable in scriptures and have profound insights, whether monks or Taoists, likes to ask them about the path to liberation from worldly troubles, is not jealous, and loves their profundity, will ascend to heaven after death; being born into the human world from heaven, they will be knowledgeable in scriptures and understand the truth, and be respected and used by everyone. The Buddha said: 'People who do good will ascend to heaven, and those who do evil will fall into hell; people who seek longevity will obtain longevity, those who seek not to live long will not live long, those who seek illness will obtain illness, those who seek not to be ill will not be ill, those who seek a beautiful appearance will obtain a beautiful appearance, those who seek an ugly appearance will obtain an ugly appearance, those who seek to be respected will be respected, those who seek ** will obtain , those who seek flattery will obtain flattery, those who seek not to be flattered will not be flattered, those who seek wealth will obtain wealth, those who seek poverty will obtain poverty, those who seek wisdom will obtain wisdom, and those who seek foolishness will obtain foolishness. People in the world who do good or evil, it is like planting grain and getting grain, planting wheat and getting wheat, planting rice and getting rice, doing good and getting good rewards, and doing evil and getting evil rewards.' Gu immediately knelt down and said: 'When I came earlier, I saw a dog not eating, and I harbored anger in my heart, how foolish I was. Now, what the Buddha has said is like a blind person regaining sight, a deaf person regaining hearing, a person escaping from deep water, a mad person recovering, and a person seeing the sun and moon in the darkness. I wish to beg the Buddha for mercy and repent my mistakes, and I implore the Buddha to bestow great grace, and I will follow the five precepts and become an Upasaka.' The Buddha said: 'If people in later generations recite this scripture, or hear the sound of this scripture, and feel sadness in their hearts, their hair stands on end, and tears flow, such people will all become disciples of Maitreya Buddha and obtain the opportunity to be liberated from worldly troubles.'

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現代漢語譯本：佛說兜調經

English version: The Buddha Speaks the Sutra of the Headband