T01n0079_鸚鵡經

大正藏第 01 冊 No. 0079 鸚鵡經

No. 79 [No. 26(170), Nos. 78, 80, 81]

佛說鸚鵡經

宋天竺三藏求那跋陀羅譯

聞如是：

一時，婆伽婆在舍衛城祇樹給孤獨園。彼時，世尊晨起著衣服，與衣缽俱詣舍衛城分衛。游舍衛分衛時，到鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子家。彼時，鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子，出行不在少有所為。彼時，鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子家有狗，名具，坐好褥上，以金缽食粳米肉。白狗遙見世尊從遠而來，見已便吠。彼世尊便作是言：「止！白狗！不須作是聲，汝本吟哦(梵志乞食音)！」於是，白狗極大瞋恚不歡喜，下床褥已至門閾下，依而伏寂然住。

后摩牢兜羅子還舍已，見白狗還下床褥依門閾寂然伏，憂戚不樂，見已問邊人曰：「誰觸嬈此白狗，而令此白狗憂戚不樂，下床褥已依門閾寂然伏？」「此摩牢！無有觸嬈此狗者，而令此狗憂戚不樂，下床褥已依門閾寂然伏。此摩牢！今日有沙門瞿曇來詣家乞食，彼白狗便吠之，彼沙門瞿曇作是言：『止！白狗！汝不應作是聲，汝本吟哦！』是故摩牢！令白狗瞋恚不樂，下床褥已依門閾默然伏。」於是，鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子於世尊便有瞋恚不樂，遙罵世尊，遙誹謗世尊，遙恚世尊：「此沙門瞿曇！乃如此虛妄言！」出舍衛已，往詣祇樹給孤獨園。

彼時，世尊無量百眾在前圍繞而為說法。世尊遙見鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子從遠而來，見已世尊告諸比丘：「汝諸比丘！遙見鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子從遠而來不？」「唯然，世尊！」「若以此時鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子命終者，屈申臂頃如是生泥犁中。何以故？彼如是極向我瞋恚故，因彼瞋恚，身壞死時生惡趣泥犁中。」

彼時，鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子來詣世尊所，到已白世尊曰：「沙門瞿曇！今日至我家乞食耶？」

曰：「摩牢！我今日至汝家乞食。」

「唯此沙門瞿曇！彼白狗于汝有何咎，而令我白狗瞋恚不樂下床褥已，依門閾寂然伏？」

答曰：「摩牢！我晨起著衣服已，與衣缽俱詣舍衛城分衛，游舍衛城分衛時便至汝家。汝白狗遙見我從遠而來，見已而吠，我便作是言：『止！白狗！汝不應作是聲，汝本吟哦！』是故，摩牢！彼白狗則瞋恚不樂，下床褥已依門閾默然伏。」

「此瞿曇！此白狗本是我何等親屬？」

「止！摩牢！不須問，汝或能聞憂戚不樂。」

彼鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子再三白世尊曰：「此瞿曇！白狗本是何等親屬？」

「汝摩牢！已再三問，當說之。此摩牢！白狗前所生，是汝父，名兜羅。」

於是，鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子，於世尊倍增上瞋恚不樂，罵世尊，恚世尊，誹謗世尊：「此沙門瞿曇！虛妄語！」白於世尊曰：「此瞿曇！我父兜羅常行施與，常行幢施，常事於火，彼身壞死已生妙梵天上，此何以故當生狗中？」

「此摩牢！以汝增上慢，彼父兜羅亦復爾，是故生弊惡狗中。」說偈曰：

「梵志增上慢，　　此終生六趣， 雞豬狗野狐，　　驢卵地獄中。

「汝，摩牢！我所說若不信者，汝摩牢！便可還家。到已語白狗作如是言：『實，白狗！汝本生時，是我父兜羅者，還上床褥。』汝摩牢！彼白狗便當還上床褥上。『汝白狗！本生時，是我父兜羅者，當於金缽中食粳米肉。』此摩牢！彼白狗當於金缽中食粳米肉

現代漢語譯本：如是我聞： 一時，佛陀在舍衛城的祇樹給孤獨園。當時，世尊早晨穿好衣服，帶著衣缽前往舍衛城乞食。在舍衛城乞食時，到了鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子的家。當時，鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子出門不在家，有事外出。當時，鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子家有一隻名叫具的狗，坐在好褥子上，用金缽吃粳米肉。白狗遠遠看見世尊從遠處走來，看見后就吠叫。世尊就說：『住口！白狗！不要發出這種聲音，你本來是吟哦（婆羅門乞食的聲音）！』於是，白狗非常生氣不高興，從床褥下來，到門檻下，靠著門檻安靜地趴著。 後來，摩牢兜羅子回到家，看見白狗從床褥下來，靠著門檻安靜地趴著，憂愁不樂，看見后就問旁邊的人說：『是誰觸怒了這隻白狗，讓它憂愁不樂，從床褥下來靠著門檻安靜地趴著？』『摩牢！沒有人觸怒這隻狗，讓它憂愁不樂，從床褥下來靠著門檻安靜地趴著。摩牢！今天有沙門瞿曇來家乞食，那隻白狗就對他吠叫，那個沙門瞿曇說：『住口！白狗！你不應該發出這種聲音，你本來是吟哦！』所以，摩牢！讓白狗生氣不高興，從床褥下來靠著門檻默默地趴著。』於是，鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子對世尊產生了嗔恨和不悅，遙遠地謾罵世尊，遙遠地誹謗世尊，遙遠地憎恨世尊：『這個沙門瞿曇！竟然說這種虛妄的話！』離開舍衛城后，前往祇樹給孤獨園。 當時，世尊被無數的聽眾圍繞著說法。世尊遠遠看見鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子從遠處走來，看見後世尊告訴眾比丘：『你們這些比丘！遠遠看見鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子從遠處走來嗎？』『是的，世尊！』『如果此時鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子死去，伸屈手臂的時間就會墮入地獄。為什麼呢？因為他如此強烈地對我嗔恨，因為他的嗔恨，身壞死後會墮入惡趣地獄中。』 當時，鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子來到世尊所在的地方，到了后對世尊說：『沙門瞿曇！今天到我家乞食了嗎？』 說：『摩牢！我今天到你家乞食了。』 『這個沙門瞿曇！那隻白狗對你有什麼過錯，而讓我的白狗生氣不高興，從床褥下來，靠著門檻安靜地趴著？』 回答說：『摩牢！我早晨穿好衣服后，帶著衣缽前往舍衛城乞食，在舍衛城乞食時就到了你家。你的白狗遠遠看見我從遠處走來，看見后就吠叫，我就說：『住口！白狗！你不應該發出這種聲音，你本來是吟哦！』所以，摩牢！那隻白狗就生氣不高興，從床褥下來靠著門檻默默地趴著。』 『這個瞿曇！這隻白狗本來是我什麼親屬？』 『住口！摩牢！不要問，你可能會聽了憂愁不樂。』 鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子再三地問世尊說：『這個瞿曇！白狗本來是什麼親屬？』 『你摩牢！已經再三問了，就告訴你吧。摩牢！這隻白狗前世是你父親，名叫兜羅。』 於是，鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子對世尊更加嗔恨不悅，謾罵世尊，憎恨世尊，誹謗世尊：『這個沙門瞿曇！說虛妄的話！』對世尊說：『這個瞿曇！我父親兜羅經常佈施，經常佈施幢幡，經常祭祀火，他身壞死後應該生到美好的梵天上，為什麼會生到狗中？』 『摩牢！因為你增上慢，你父親兜羅也這樣，所以生到卑劣的惡狗中。』說了偈語： 『婆羅門增上慢，　　此終將生六道， 『你，摩牢！如果我說的話你不相信，你摩牢！就可以回家。到家后告訴白狗說：『真的，白狗！你前世是我父親兜羅的話，就回到床褥上。』你摩牢！那隻白狗就會回到床褥上。『你白狗！前世是我父親兜羅的話，就用金缽吃粳米肉。』摩牢！那隻白狗就會用金缽吃粳米肉。

English version: Thus have I heard: At one time, the Buddha was in the Jeta Grove, Anathapindika's Park, in Sravasti. At that time, the World-Honored One arose early in the morning, put on his robes, and with his bowl, went to Sravasti to beg for alms. While walking for alms in Sravasti, he arrived at the house of the parrot Marautola. At that time, the parrot Marautola was out of the house, having gone out for some business. At that time, there was a dog named Gu in the house of the parrot Marautola, sitting on a good cushion, eating rice and meat from a golden bowl. The white dog saw the World-Honored One coming from afar, and upon seeing him, it barked. The World-Honored One then said, 'Stop! White dog! You need not make such a sound, you were originally chanting (the sound of a Brahmin begging for food)!' Thereupon, the white dog became extremely angry and displeased, got off the cushion, went to the threshold, and lay down quietly. Later, Marautola returned home and saw the white dog had come down from the cushion and was lying quietly by the threshold, looking worried and unhappy. Upon seeing this, he asked the people nearby, 'Who has angered this white dog, causing it to be worried and unhappy, to come down from the cushion and lie quietly by the threshold?' 'Marautola! No one has angered this dog, causing it to be worried and unhappy, to come down from the cushion and lie quietly by the threshold. Marautola! Today, the Shramana Gautama came to the house to beg for alms, and the white dog barked at him. The Shramana Gautama said, 'Stop! White dog! You should not make such a sound, you were originally chanting!' Therefore, Marautola! This caused the white dog to be angry and unhappy, to come down from the cushion and lie silently by the threshold.' Thereupon, the parrot Marautola became angry and displeased with the World-Honored One, remotely cursed the World-Honored One, remotely slandered the World-Honored One, and remotely hated the World-Honored One, saying, 'This Shramana Gautama! He speaks such false words!' After leaving Sravasti, he went to the Jeta Grove, Anathapindika's Park. At that time, the World-Honored One was surrounded by countless people who were listening to his teachings. The World-Honored One saw the parrot Marautola coming from afar, and upon seeing him, the World-Honored One said to the monks, 'Monks! Do you see the parrot Marautola coming from afar?' 'Yes, World-Honored One!' 'If the parrot Marautola were to die at this moment, he would be reborn in hell in the time it takes to stretch and bend an arm. Why is that? Because he is so extremely angry with me, and because of that anger, when his body breaks and dies, he will be reborn in the evil realm of hell.' At that time, the parrot Marautola came to where the World-Honored One was, and upon arriving, he said to the World-Honored One, 'Shramana Gautama! Did you come to my house to beg for alms today?' He said, 'Marautola! I went to your house to beg for alms today.' 'This Shramana Gautama! What fault did that white dog have towards you, that it caused my white dog to be angry and unhappy, to come down from the cushion, and to lie quietly by the threshold?' He replied, 'Marautola! After I arose early in the morning and put on my robes, I went with my bowl to Sravasti to beg for alms. While walking for alms in Sravasti, I arrived at your house. Your white dog saw me coming from afar, and upon seeing me, it barked. I then said, 'Stop! White dog! You should not make such a sound, you were originally chanting!' Therefore, Marautola! That white dog became angry and unhappy, came down from the cushion, and lay silently by the threshold.' 'This Gautama! What kind of relative was this white dog originally to me?' 'Stop! Marautola! Do not ask, you might hear something that will make you worried and unhappy.' The parrot Marautola asked the World-Honored One again and again, 'This Gautama! What kind of relative was the white dog originally?' 'Marautola! You have asked three times, so I will tell you. Marautola! This white dog in its previous life was your father, named Tola.' Thereupon, the parrot Marautola became even more angry and displeased with the World-Honored One, cursed the World-Honored One, hated the World-Honored One, and slandered the World-Honored One, saying, 'This Shramana Gautama! He speaks falsely!' He said to the World-Honored One, 'This Gautama! My father Tola always gave alms, always gave banners, and always worshipped fire. After his body broke and died, he should have been reborn in the wonderful Brahma heaven, why would he be reborn as a dog?' 'Marautola! Because of your arrogance, your father Tola was also like that, therefore he was reborn as a lowly, evil dog.' He spoke a verse: 'The Brahmin's arrogance, will lead to the six realms, Chickens, pigs, dogs, foxes, donkeys, eggs, and hell. 'You, Marautola! If you do not believe what I have said, you, Marautola! can go home. When you get there, tell the white dog, 'Truly, white dog! If you were my father Tola in your previous life, then go back onto the cushion.' You, Marautola! That white dog will then go back onto the cushion. 'You white dog! If you were my father Tola in your previous life, then eat rice and meat from the golden bowl.' Marautola! That white dog will then eat rice and meat from the golden bowl.'

。『彼白狗！本生時，是我父兜羅者，當示我父遺財，汝本藏舉我今不知處。』此摩牢！彼白狗當示汝本父遺財汝所不知。」

於是，鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子聞世尊所說，善思惟念習誦已，繞世尊，離世尊還至家。到已語白狗作如是言：「此白狗！若本生時是我父兜羅者，當還上床褥坐。」彼白狗便還上床褥坐。「此白狗！本生時若是我父兜羅者，當於金缽中食粳米肉。」彼白狗便於金缽中食粳米肉。「此白狗！本生時是我父兜羅者，白狗當示我本父遺財，汝本藏舉我今不知處。」於是，彼白狗下床褥已至本臥處，到已於本臥處床四腳下，以口足爬地，令鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子大得錢財。於是，鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子大得錢財，大得利極歡喜，善心生，以右膝著地，叉手向祇樹給孤獨園，三自稱名姓字，「真實沙門瞿曇！語實沙門瞿曇！不妄言沙門瞿曇！」三自稱名姓已，出舍衛城往詣祇樹給孤獨園。

彼時，世尊無量百眾在前圍繞而為說法。世尊遙見鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子從遠而來，見已世尊告諸比丘：「汝諸比丘！見彼鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子從遠來不？」「唯然，世尊！」「若以此時鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子命終者，如屈申臂頃生於善處。何以故？彼於我有善心故，眾生因善心故，身壞死時生善處天上。」

彼時，鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子往世尊所，到已共世尊面相慰勞，面相慰勞已卻坐一面。鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子卻坐一面已，世尊告曰：「此摩牢！如如我所說，白狗者實如我所言不如？」

「如沙門瞿曇所說，白狗者實如所言無有異。此沙門瞿曇！我更欲有所問，當聽我所問。」

「此摩牢！當問，隨意所樂。」

「此瞿曇！何因何緣俱受人身，便有高下好惡清濁？此瞿曇！有長命、短命者，有無病者、有病者，有好者、有丑者，有貴者、有賤者，有所能者、無所能者，有多錢財者、無多錢財者，有惡智者、有智慧者？」

「此摩牢！眾生因緣故，因行故、緣行故、作行故，隨眾生所作行，令彼彼有好惡高下。」

「此沙門瞿曇！略所說，未廣分別，我不解其義。唯愿沙門瞿曇，當爲善說，令我當從。沙門瞿曇！所略說法，未廣分別，當知其義。」

「是故，摩牢！當善聽之，善思惟念，我當爲說。」

「唯然，瞿曇！」鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子受世尊教。

世尊告曰：「此摩牢！何所因、何所緣，若男若女有命短者？此摩牢！或一若男若女，極生血污其手，近於惡、無有慈，斷一切眾生命下至蟻子，因此行故，如是所因、如是所行，身壞死時生惡趣泥犁中，來生此人間命便短。何以故？摩牢！彼所行短，是故令或一若男若女行殺生，是為摩牢！當見是行報故。此摩牢！復何因、復何緣，令或一若男若女有命長者？此摩牢！或一若男若女棄于殺、離於殺，舍除刀杖，常有羞恥，於一切眾生欲令安隱，凈于殺意，彼因此行，如是所因、如是所行，身壞死時至善處天上，來生此人間命則長。何以故？摩牢！彼為命長行故，而令或一若男若女離於殺、棄于殺，是為摩牢！當知是行報故。此摩牢！何所因、何所緣，而令或一若男若女多有病？此摩牢！或一若男若女觸嬈于眾生，彼觸嬈眾生，或以手、或以石、或以杖、或以刀，彼因此行，如是所因、如是所行，身壞死時生惡趣泥犁中，來生此人間多有病痛

『那隻白狗！你出生的時候，是我父親兜羅，應該告訴我父親遺留的財產，你藏起來了我現在不知道在哪裡。』這個摩牢！那隻白狗會告訴你你父親遺留的財產，你不知道的那些。」， 於是，鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子聽了世尊所說，仔細思考並背誦后，繞著世尊，離開世尊回到家中。到家后，他告訴白狗說：『這隻白狗！如果出生時是我父親兜羅，就應該回到床褥上坐。』那隻白狗就回到床褥上坐了。『這隻白狗！如果出生時是我父親兜羅，就應該在金缽里吃粳米肉。』那隻白狗就在金缽里吃粳米肉。『這隻白狗！如果出生時是我父親兜羅，白狗應該告訴我父親遺留的財產，你藏起來了我現在不知道在哪裡。』於是，那隻白狗下床褥後走到它平時睡覺的地方，到了之後，在它平時睡覺的床的四腳下，用嘴和腳刨地，讓鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子得到了大量的錢財。於是，鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子得到了大量的錢財，非常高興，善心生起，他右膝著地，雙手合十面向祇樹給孤獨園，三次自稱姓名，『真實的沙門瞿曇！說實話的沙門瞿曇！不妄語的沙門瞿曇！』三次自稱姓名后，他離開舍衛城前往祇樹給孤獨園。 那時，世尊被無數的聽眾圍繞著說法。世尊遠遠地看見鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子從遠處走來，看見後世尊告訴眾比丘：『你們這些比丘！看見那隻鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子從遠處走來嗎？』『是的，世尊！』『如果此時鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子去世，他會在屈伸手臂的瞬間就投生到善處。為什麼呢？因為他對我有善心，眾生因為善心的緣故，身壞死後會投生到善處天上。』 那時，鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子來到世尊那裡，到了之後與世尊互相問候，問候完畢後坐在一旁。鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子坐在一旁后，世尊告訴他說：『這個摩牢！我所說的，關於白狗的事情，真的像我所說的那樣嗎？』 『就像沙門瞿曇所說的那樣，關於白狗的事情確實像您說的那樣，沒有不同。這位沙門瞿曇！我還有問題想問，請聽我問。』 『這個摩牢！問吧，隨你所想。』 『這位瞿曇！是什麼原因，什麼緣故，同樣是人，卻有高低好壞清濁的差別？這位瞿曇！有長壽的，有短命的；有無病的，有生病的；有好看的，有醜陋的；有尊貴的，有卑賤的；有能力的，沒有能力的；有很多錢財的，沒有很多錢財的；有愚笨的，有智慧的？』 『這個摩牢！眾生因為因緣，因為行為，因為所作所為，隨著眾生所作的行為，使得他們之間有好壞高低的差別。』 『這位沙門瞿曇！您說的太簡略了，沒有詳細解釋，我不明白其中的意思。希望沙門瞿曇能詳細地解說，讓我能夠理解。沙門瞿曇！您簡略的說法，沒有詳細解釋，我無法理解其中的含義。』 『所以，摩牢！你要好好聽，好好思考，我將為你解說。』 『好的，瞿曇！』鸚鵡摩牢兜羅子接受了世尊的教誨。 世尊說：『這個摩牢！是什麼原因，什麼緣故，使得男人或女人有短命的？這個摩牢！有的男人或女人，非常喜歡用血污的手，接近邪惡，沒有慈悲心，斷絕一切眾生的生命，甚至包括螞蟻，因為這種行為，因為這種原因，因為這種所作所為，身壞死後會墮入惡趣地獄中，來生到人間就會短命。為什麼呢？摩牢！因為他所做的行為是短命的，所以使得有的男人或女人殺生，這就是摩牢！應該看到的行為的報應。這個摩牢！又是什麼原因，什麼緣故，使得有的男人或女人長壽？這個摩牢！有的男人或女人放棄殺生，遠離殺生，捨棄刀杖，常常感到羞愧，希望一切眾生都平安，凈化殺生的意念，他們因為這種行為，因為這種原因，因為這種所作所為，身壞死後會到善處天上，來生到人間就會長壽。為什麼呢？摩牢！因為他做了長壽的行為，所以使得有的男人或女人遠離殺生，放棄殺生，這就是摩牢！應該知道的行為的報應。這個摩牢！是什麼原因，什麼緣故，使得有的男人或女人多病？這個摩牢！有的男人或女人喜歡觸擾眾生，他們觸擾眾生，或者用手，或者用石頭，或者用棍棒，或者用刀，他們因為這種行為，因為這種原因，因為這種所作所為，身壞死後會墮入惡趣地獄中，來生到人間就會多病痛。

'That white dog! When you were born, you were my father, Dhura. You should show me the wealth my father left behind, which you hid and I don't know where it is now.' This, Maro! That white dog will show you the wealth your father left behind, which you do not know. Then, the parrot Maro, son of Dhura, having heard what the World Honored One said, pondered it well and recited it. He circled the World Honored One, left him, and returned home. Having arrived, he said to the white dog, 'This white dog! If you were my father, Dhura, when you were born, you should return to the bed and sit.' The white dog then returned to the bed and sat. 'This white dog! If you were my father, Dhura, when you were born, you should eat the rice and meat from the golden bowl.' The white dog then ate the rice and meat from the golden bowl. 'This white dog! If you were my father, Dhura, when you were born, the white dog should show me the wealth my father left behind, which you hid and I don't know where it is now.' Then, the white dog got off the bed and went to its usual sleeping place. Having arrived, it used its mouth and feet to dig at the four legs of the bed, causing the parrot Maro, son of Dhura, to obtain a great deal of wealth. Then, the parrot Maro, son of Dhura, obtained a great deal of wealth, was extremely happy, and a good heart arose. He knelt on his right knee, clasped his hands together, and faced the Jeta Grove Anathapindika Garden, three times proclaiming his name, 'The true Shramana Gautama! The truthful Shramana Gautama! The non-lying Shramana Gautama!' After proclaiming his name three times, he left Shravasti and went to the Jeta Grove Anathapindika Garden. At that time, the World Honored One was surrounded by countless people, teaching the Dharma. The World Honored One saw the parrot Maro, son of Dhura, coming from afar. Having seen him, the World Honored One said to the monks, 'You monks! Do you see that parrot Maro, son of Dhura, coming from afar?' 'Yes, World Honored One!' 'If the parrot Maro, son of Dhura, were to die at this time, he would be reborn in a good place in the time it takes to bend and stretch an arm. Why is that? Because he has a good heart towards me. Because of their good hearts, beings are reborn in good places in the heavens when their bodies break and they die.' At that time, the parrot Maro, son of Dhura, went to the World Honored One. Having arrived, he exchanged greetings with the World Honored One. After exchanging greetings, he sat to one side. After the parrot Maro, son of Dhura, sat to one side, the World Honored One said to him, 'This, Maro! As I said, is the matter of the white dog truly as I said, or not?' 'As the Shramana Gautama said, the matter of the white dog is truly as you said, there is no difference. This, Shramana Gautama! I have more questions I wish to ask, please listen to my questions.' 'This, Maro! Ask, as you please.' 'This, Gautama! What is the cause, what is the reason, that although all are born as humans, there are differences in high and low, good and bad, pure and impure? This, Gautama! There are those who are long-lived and those who are short-lived; those who are healthy and those who are sick; those who are beautiful and those who are ugly; those who are noble and those who are lowly; those who are capable and those who are incapable; those who have much wealth and those who do not have much wealth; those who are foolish and those who are wise?' 'This, Maro! Beings are different because of causes and conditions, because of actions, because of what they do. According to the actions that beings do, they have differences in good and bad, high and low.' 'This, Shramana Gautama! What you said is too brief, without detailed explanation, and I do not understand its meaning. I wish that the Shramana Gautama would explain it in detail, so that I can understand. Shramana Gautama! Your brief explanation, without detailed explanation, I cannot understand its meaning.' 'Therefore, Maro! Listen well, think well, and I will explain it to you.' 'Yes, Gautama!' The parrot Maro, son of Dhura, accepted the World Honored One's teaching. The World Honored One said, 'This, Maro! What is the cause, what is the reason, that some men or women have short lives? This, Maro! Some men or women are very fond of using blood-stained hands, approaching evil, having no compassion, cutting off the lives of all beings, even ants. Because of this action, because of this cause, because of this doing, when their bodies break and they die, they will fall into the evil realms of hell. When they are reborn as humans, they will have short lives. Why is that? Maro! Because what they did was short-lived, therefore it causes some men or women to kill. This is, Maro! The retribution of actions that should be seen. This, Maro! What is the cause, what is the reason, that some men or women have long lives? This, Maro! Some men or women give up killing, abstain from killing, abandon weapons, are always ashamed, wish for all beings to be peaceful, and purify their intention to kill. Because of this action, because of this cause, because of this doing, when their bodies break and they die, they will go to good places in the heavens. When they are reborn as humans, they will have long lives. Why is that? Maro! Because they did actions that lead to long life, therefore it causes some men or women to abstain from killing, to give up killing. This is, Maro! The retribution of actions that should be known. This, Maro! What is the cause, what is the reason, that some men or women have many illnesses? This, Maro! Some men or women like to disturb beings. They disturb beings, either with their hands, or with stones, or with sticks, or with knives. Because of this action, because of this cause, because of this doing, when their bodies break and they die, they will fall into the evil realms of hell. When they are reborn as humans, they will have many illnesses and pains.

。何以故？此摩牢！彼作病行故，而令或一若男若女觸嬈眾生，是故摩牢！當知是行報故。此摩牢！復何因、復何緣，而令或一若男若女無有病？此摩牢，或一若男若女不觸嬈眾生，彼不觸嬈眾生，不以手、不以石、不以刀、不以杖，彼因此行、因此故，因此行故，身壞死時生善處天上，來生人間無有病痛。何以故？此摩牢！彼作無病行故，而令或一若男若女不觸嬈眾生，是故摩牢！當知是行報故。此摩牢！復何因，復何緣，或一若男若女有丑者？此摩牢！或一若男若女多有瞋恚，多有憂戚，彼少有所言便有瞋恚，憂戚不樂，住于瞋恚生瞋恚，廣說誹謗，因此行、因此故，因此行故，身壞死時生惡趣泥犁中，來生人間形色弊惡。何以故？彼作弊惡行故，而令或一若男若女瞋恚憂戚，是為摩牢！當知是行報故。此摩牢！復何因、復何緣，而令或一若男若女形色好？此摩牢！或一若男若女不多瞋恚、不多憂戚，若有以粗獷言說者，彼亦不恚、亦不恨、亦不憂戚，不住于恚、不生瞋恚、不以恚恨，彼因此行、以此行，因此行故，身壞死時生善處天上，來生此人間形色則妙。何以故？此摩牢！彼行妙行故，而令或一若男若女無有瞋恚亦無憂戚，是故摩牢！當知是行報故。此摩牢！復何因、復何緣，而令或一若男若女少有所能？此摩牢！或一若男若女有貪嫉發於貪嫉，彼見他有恭敬施財物已，便發於貪嫉，他所有令我得，彼因此行，因行故、緣行故，身壞死時生惡趣泥犁中，來生此人間少有所能。何以故？此摩牢！彼作少有所能行故，而令或一若男若女貪嫉發於貪嫉，此摩牢！當知是行報故。此摩牢！復何因、復何緣，而令或一若男若女極有所能？此摩牢！或一若男若女無有貪嫉、不發貪嫉，彼見他恭敬財物施已，不發於貪嫉，他所有令我得，彼以此行，因此行、緣此行，身壞死時生善處天上，來生人間極有所能。何以故？摩牢！彼作極有所能行故，而令或一若男若女無有貪嫉、不發貪嫉。是故摩牢！當知是行報故。此摩牢！復何因、復何緣，而令或一若男若女生下賤家？此摩牢！或一若男若女自大憍慢，應當恭敬而不恭敬，應當承事而不承事，應當禮事而不禮事，應當供養而不供養，應當施座而不施座，應當示導而不示導，應當禮事起恭敬叉手向，而不禮事起恭敬叉手向，因此行、緣此行，有此行故，身壞死時生惡趣泥犁中，來生人間在下賤家。何以故？此摩牢！彼為下賤行故，而令或一若男若女自大憍慢。是為摩牢！當知是行報故。此摩牢！復何因、復何緣，令一若男若女生豪貴家？此摩牢！或一若男若女，不自大、不憍慢，應當恭敬而恭敬，應當承事而承事，應當禮事而禮事，應當供養而供養，應當施座而施座，應當示導而示導，應當禮事起恭敬叉手向，而禮事起恭敬叉手向，彼因此行、緣此行，以此行故，身壞死時生善處天上，來生此人間在豪貴家。何以故？此摩牢！彼作豪貴行故，而令或一若男若女不自大、不憍慢。此摩牢！當知是行報故。此摩牢！復何因、復何緣，而令或一若男若女少有錢財？此摩牢！或一若男若女不施與非施主，彼不行施沙門婆羅門、貧窮下賤方來乞者，飲食衣被、華鬘涂香、床臥屋舍、明燈給使，彼因此行、緣此行，以此行故，身壞死時生惡趣泥犁中，來生此人間少有錢財。何以故？此摩牢，彼作少錢財行故，令或一若男若女少有錢財。此摩牢！當知是行報故