T01n0086_泥犁經
大正藏第 01 冊 No. 0086 泥犁經
No. 86 [No. 26(199)]
佛說泥犁經
東晉西域沙門竺曇無蘭譯
聞如是：
一時，佛在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園。佛告諸比丘言：「凡有人有三事，愚癡不足人所平相。何等為三事？癡人所念惡、所言惡、所行惡，今世即得其殃，用身苦、用念苦、用憂苦。何等為憂苦？癡人與智者相隨，智者道說癡人行惡死當入泥犁。癡人心念智者所言：『今我行惡，死當入泥犁。』是為憂苦。何等爲念苦？癡人見取盜財，酷毒操械縛束、截手截足，竹鞞鞭䩞用喂虎，若著藁中以火然之，若以鈇質寸寸斬之若，以著地令象蹈之，若著釜上甑中烝之，若取四支生牽磔之。癡人自念：『惡人所作無狀，至使長吏掠治如是。設令長吏知我為惡，亦當復取我如是。』是爲念苦。何等為身苦？癡人晨夜臥起未曾安隱，心常念惡、口常言惡、身常行惡，是惡已后病時，便自見泥犁中火釜中人，見人燒時、見人煮時，所作過惡稍來嬈人，譬如日中后其影稍下
現代漢語譯本 《大正藏》第01冊，編號0086，《泥犁經》
編號 86 [編號 26(199)]
我聽聞是這樣的：
一時，佛陀在舍衛國的祇樹給孤獨園。佛陀告訴眾比丘：『凡是有人有三種情況，愚癡不足以被人們視為平常。哪三種情況呢？愚癡的人所想的惡、所說的惡、所做的惡，今生就會得到報應，用身體受苦、用心念受苦、用憂愁受苦。什麼是憂愁的苦呢？愚癡的人與智者相處，智者說道愚癡的人作惡死後會墮入泥犁。愚癡的人心裡想著智者所說的話：『現在我作惡，死後會墮入泥犁。』這就是憂愁的苦。什麼是心念的苦呢？愚癡的人看到有人偷盜財物，被殘酷地用刑具捆綁、截斷手腳，用竹鞭抽打喂老虎，或者放在草堆里用火燒，或者用斧頭一寸寸地砍，或者放在地上讓大象踩踏，或者放在鍋里蒸煮，或者把四肢活生生地拉扯開。愚癡的人自己想：『惡人所作的壞事，以至於官吏這樣懲罰他們。如果官吏知道我作惡，也會這樣對待我。』這就是心念的苦。什麼是身體的苦呢？愚癡的人早晚睡覺起來沒有安穩的時候，心裡常常想著惡事、口裡常常說著惡語、身體常常做著惡行，這些惡事過後生病的時候，就會自己看到泥犁中火鍋里的人，看到人被燒、看到人被煮，所作的過錯漸漸地來擾亂自己，就像太陽過了中午影子漸漸地向下一樣。
English version Taisho Tripitaka Volume 01, No. 0086, The Naraka Sutra
The Buddha Speaks the Naraka Sutra
Translated by the Śramaṇa Zhu Tanwulan of the Western Regions during the Eastern Jin Dynasty
Thus have I heard:
At one time, the Buddha was in the Jeta Grove of Anathapindika in Shravasti. The Buddha told the monks, 'If a person has three things, their foolishness is not considered normal by people. What are these three things? The evil thoughts, evil words, and evil deeds of a foolish person will bring about retribution in this life, with suffering in the body, suffering in the mind, and suffering in sorrow. What is the suffering of sorrow? When a foolish person is with a wise person, the wise person says that the foolish person's evil deeds will lead to their falling into Naraka after death. The foolish person thinks about what the wise person said: 'Now I do evil, and I will fall into Naraka after death.' This is the suffering of sorrow. What is the suffering of the mind? The foolish person sees people stealing, being cruelly bound with instruments of torture, having their hands and feet cut off, being whipped with bamboo and fed to tigers, or being placed in a pile of straw and burned, or being chopped inch by inch with an axe, or being placed on the ground to be trampled by elephants, or being steamed in a pot, or having their four limbs torn apart alive. The foolish person thinks to themselves: 'The evil deeds of the wicked have led to officials punishing them like this. If the officials knew that I had done evil, they would treat me the same way.' This is the suffering of the mind. What is the suffering of the body? The foolish person has no peace when they sleep or wake up, their mind is always thinking of evil, their mouth is always speaking evil words, and their body is always doing evil deeds. After these evil deeds, when they are sick, they will see people in the fiery pots of Naraka, see people being burned, see people being boiled, and the wrongdoings they have committed will gradually come to disturb them, just as the shadow of the sun gradually descends after noon.'
。其人稍入，泥犁中惡人即自念言：『我居世間，喜殺生、喜盜竊、喜犯他家婦女、喜欺人、喜兩舌、喜惡口、喜妄言、喜嫉妒、喜慳貪，不信有佛、不信有經、不信所作因緣有殃福、不信有後世生，令我死當入泥犁。』是為身苦。」
佛言：「設令惡人眼如我眼，見惡人所趣殃過考掠之處，惡人即怖，心憔破吐沸血而死。」
佛言：「欲知勤苦最不可忍者，獨有泥犁。泥犁者，極苦不可具言。」
諸比丘長跪言：「愿聞泥犁勤苦譬喻。」
佛言：「譬如長吏捕得逆賊，將詣王前白言：『此人反逆念國家惡。』王敕長吏以矛刺百瘡。明日問之：『此人何類？』白言：『尚生。』王言：『復刺百瘡。』明日問之：『此人何類？』白言：『尚生。』王言：『復刺百瘡。』」
佛語諸比丘言：「如此人被三百瘡，寧有完處大如棗葉無？」
諸比丘言：「無有完處。」
佛語諸比丘：「此人被三百瘡，寧毒痛不？」
諸比丘言：「人被一瘡，舉身皆痛，何況被三百瘡！」
佛持小石著手中，示諸比丘：「是石大？太山為大？」
諸比丘言：「佛手中石小，奈何持比山？欲持比山，億億萬倍尚復不如山大
現代漢語譯本：那人稍微進入地獄，地獄中的惡人就會自己想到：『我活在世上時，喜歡殺生、喜歡偷盜、喜歡侵犯別人的妻子、喜歡欺騙別人、喜歡挑撥離間、喜歡惡語傷人、喜歡說謊、喜歡嫉妒、喜歡吝嗇貪婪，不相信有佛、不相信有佛經、不相信所作所為的因果報應、不相信有來世，導致我死後應當墮入地獄。』這就是身體的痛苦。 佛說：『假設讓惡人的眼睛像我的眼睛一樣，看到惡人所去之處遭受的懲罰和拷打，惡人就會恐懼，心碎吐血而死。』 佛說：『想要知道最難以忍受的痛苦，只有地獄。地獄的痛苦，極其難以用言語描述。』 眾比丘長跪說：『希望聽聞地獄痛苦的譬喻。』 佛說：『譬如長官抓到叛賊，帶到國王面前稟告說：『這個人反叛，對國家懷有惡意。』國王命令長官用矛刺他一百個瘡口。第二天問：『這個人怎麼樣了？』稟告說：『還活著。』國王說：『再刺一百個瘡口。』第二天問：『這個人怎麼樣了？』稟告說：『還活著。』國王說：『再刺一百個瘡口。』 佛告訴眾比丘說：『這個人被刺三百個瘡口，難道還有像棗葉那麼大的完好之處嗎？』 眾比丘說：『沒有完好之處。』 佛告訴眾比丘：『這個人被刺三百個瘡口，難道不痛苦嗎？』 眾比丘說：『一個人被刺一個瘡口，全身都痛，何況被刺三百個瘡口！』 佛拿著一塊小石頭放在手中，給眾比丘看：『這塊石頭大？還是泰山大？』 眾比丘說：『佛手中的石頭小，怎麼能和山相比呢？如果要和山相比，即使是億億萬倍也比不上山大。』
English version: As that person slightly enters, the evil beings in hell immediately think to themselves: 『While I lived in the world, I enjoyed killing, enjoyed stealing, enjoyed violating other men's wives, enjoyed deceiving others, enjoyed sowing discord, enjoyed harsh speech, enjoyed lying, enjoyed jealousy, enjoyed stinginess and greed, did not believe in the Buddha, did not believe in the scriptures, did not believe that actions have consequences of good or bad, did not believe in a future life, causing me to fall into hell after death.』 This is the suffering of the body. The Buddha said: 『If the eyes of an evil person were like my eyes, seeing the place where evil people go to suffer punishment and torture, that evil person would be terrified, their heart would break, they would vomit blood and die.』 The Buddha said: 『If you want to know the most unbearable suffering, it is only in hell. The suffering of hell is so extreme that it cannot be fully described.』 The monks knelt and said: 『We wish to hear a parable about the suffering of hell.』 The Buddha said: 『For example, a magistrate captures a rebel and brings him before the king, reporting: 『This person is a rebel and harbors evil intentions against the country.』 The king orders the magistrate to pierce him with a spear in a hundred places. The next day, he asks: 『How is this person?』 The magistrate reports: 『Still alive.』 The king says: 『Pierce him in another hundred places.』 The next day, he asks: 『How is this person?』 The magistrate reports: 『Still alive.』 The king says: 『Pierce him in another hundred places.』 The Buddha said to the monks: 『If this person is pierced in three hundred places, is there any place as large as a date leaf that is not wounded?』 The monks said: 『There is no place that is not wounded.』 The Buddha said to the monks: 『If this person is pierced in three hundred places, is it not painful?』 The monks said: 『If a person is pierced in one place, their whole body hurts, how much more so if they are pierced in three hundred places!』 The Buddha held a small stone in his hand and showed it to the monks: 『Is this stone big? Or is Mount Tai big?』 The monks said: 『The stone in the Buddha's hand is small, how can it be compared to a mountain? If you want to compare it to a mountain, even if it were a hundred million times bigger, it would still not be as big as the mountain.』
。」
佛言：「泥犁中痛，與矛瘡痛億億萬倍，尚不如泥犁痛，手中小石如三百矛瘡，山者如泥犁中痛。癡人心念惡、口言惡、身行惡，死後墮泥犁中。泥犁中有獸鬼，便牽人前，以鉤鉤其上龂，復以鉤鉤其頷，口皆挓開，以取消銅灌人口中，唇舌腸𦝩皆燋爛，銅便下過去，毒痛不可忍。其人平生於世間時求財利、逆用飲食，故以消銅灌之，泥犁勤苦如是。泥犁中鬼取人，持鉤鉤其上下頷，皆挓開，取燒鐵杵刺人咽中，唇舌腸𦝩皆燋爛，毒痛不可忍，過惡未解故不死，泥犁勤苦如是。泥犁中鬼復取人上鐵山，以火燒山令正赤，上走下走，毒痛不可忍，過惡未解故不死，泥犁勤苦如是。泥犁中鬼復取人，以燒赤斧斬其手、斬其足、斬其百節，解解斷之，毒痛不可忍，過惡未解故不死，泥犁勤苦如是。泥犁中鬼復取人，以鐵斤𣃆人身，舉身骨肉皆悉盡，毒痛不可忍，過惡未解故不死，泥犁勤苦如是。泥犁中有鳥，喙如鐵主，啄人頭啖人腦，毒痛不可忍，過惡未解故不死也，泥犁勤苦如是。泥犁中復有群駱獸，共取人[列/手]食齘嚙，毒痛不可忍，過惡未解故不死，泥犁勤苦如是
佛說：『地獄中的痛苦，比矛刺的痛苦要強烈億萬倍，但即使是這樣，也比不上地獄的痛苦。手中拿著的小石頭，就像三百個矛刺的痛苦，而山一樣的痛苦，就像地獄中的痛苦。愚癡的人心中想著惡念，口中說著惡語，身體做著惡行，死後就會墮入地獄。地獄中有獸鬼，會把人拉到面前，用鉤子鉤住人的上牙齦，再用鉤子鉤住下巴，把嘴都撐開，然後用熔化的銅汁灌入口中，嘴唇、舌頭、腸子等都被燒爛，銅汁流下去，痛苦難忍。這個人活著的時候，在世間貪求財利，胡亂使用飲食，所以要用熔化的銅汁灌他，地獄的苦難就是這樣。地獄中的鬼抓住人，用鉤子鉤住人的上下巴，都撐開，然後用燒紅的鐵杵刺入人的咽喉，嘴唇、舌頭、腸子等都被燒爛，痛苦難忍，因為罪惡沒有解除，所以不會死，地獄的苦難就是這樣。地獄中的鬼又把人帶到鐵山上，用火把山燒得通紅，讓人在山上跑上跑下，痛苦難忍，因為罪惡沒有解除，所以不會死，地獄的苦難就是這樣。地獄中的鬼又抓住人，用燒紅的斧頭砍他的手、砍他的腳、砍他的全身關節，把身體一塊塊地砍斷，痛苦難忍，因為罪惡沒有解除，所以不會死，地獄的苦難就是這樣。地獄中的鬼又抓住人，用鐵錘砸人的身體，把全身的骨肉都砸爛，痛苦難忍，因為罪惡沒有解除，所以不會死，地獄的苦難就是這樣。地獄中有鳥，嘴像鐵柱一樣，啄人的頭，吃人的腦髓，痛苦難忍，因為罪惡沒有解除，所以不會死，地獄的苦難就是這樣。地獄中還有一群駱駝一樣的野獸，一起抓住人，撕咬啃食，痛苦難忍，因為罪惡沒有解除，所以不會死，地獄的苦難就是這樣。』
The Buddha said, 'The pain in hell is a billion times more intense than the pain of being pierced by a spear, yet even that is not comparable to the pain of hell. A small stone in the hand is like the pain of three hundred spear wounds, while the pain of a mountain is like the pain in hell. Foolish people who harbor evil thoughts, speak evil words, and commit evil deeds will fall into hell after death. In hell, there are beast-like demons who drag people forward, hook their upper gums, and then hook their jaws, forcing their mouths wide open. Molten copper is then poured into their mouths, burning their lips, tongues, and intestines. The copper flows down, causing unbearable pain. These people, in their lives, sought wealth and misused food and drink, so they are punished with molten copper. Such is the suffering of hell. The demons in hell seize people, hook their upper and lower jaws, forcing them open, and then thrust red-hot iron pestles into their throats, burning their lips, tongues, and intestines. The pain is unbearable, and because their sins are not expiated, they do not die. Such is the suffering of hell. The demons in hell then take people to an iron mountain, which is set ablaze until it is red-hot. The people are forced to run up and down the mountain, enduring unbearable pain. Because their sins are not expiated, they do not die. Such is the suffering of hell. The demons in hell then seize people and use red-hot axes to chop off their hands, feet, and every joint of their bodies, cutting them into pieces. The pain is unbearable, and because their sins are not expiated, they do not die. Such is the suffering of hell. The demons in hell then seize people and use iron hammers to crush their bodies, smashing all their bones and flesh. The pain is unbearable, and because their sins are not expiated, they do not die. Such is the suffering of hell. In hell, there are birds with beaks like iron pillars that peck at people's heads and eat their brains. The pain is unbearable, and because their sins are not expiated, they do not die. Such is the suffering of hell. In hell, there are also herds of camel-like beasts that seize people, tearing and gnawing at them. The pain is unbearable, and because their sins are not expiated, they do not die. Such is the suffering of hell.'
。泥犁中鬼復取人，以刀剝之，從兩膀腸上至兩脅，持駕鐵車，持兩脅肉為被，令挽鐵車走行火上，毒痛不可忍，過惡未解故不死，泥犁勤苦如是。泥犁中鬼復取人兩腳，倒擲釜中湯沸踴躍，在底亦熟在上亦熟，沸更上下無有不熟。譬如煮豆上下皆熟，覆亦熟露亦熟，泥犁中人所在皆熟，無有東西上下；其人平生在世間時，自放恣心恣口恣身所致，泥犁勤苦如是。泥犁中鬼復取人，臥著赤地五毒治之，以燒釘釘其左掌，復燒釘釘其右掌，復以燒釘釘其右足，復以燒釘釘其左足，復以燒釘釘其心，下徹地，毒痛不可忍，過惡未解故不死，泥犁勤苦如是。
「泥犁中鬼牽人臂入泥犁城中，泥犁城正四方，四面有門，城四面皆堅，門皆有守鬼。其城壁地皆鐵，城用鐵覆蓋之，不得令有過泄，地皆燒正赤，周匝四千里，東壁火焰至西壁，西壁火焰至東壁，南壁火焰至北壁，北壁火焰至南壁，上火焰下至地，地火焰至上。諸惡人有犯此十事者皆墮是中，殺生者、盜竊者、犯他家婦女者、欺人者、兩舌者、惡口者、妄言者、嫉妒者、慳貪者，不信有佛、不信有經、不信所作因有殃福。如是曹人滿泥犁中。泥犁中毒痛極數千萬歲，乃遙見東方門開，皆走往
地獄中的鬼又抓人，用刀剝他們的皮，從兩肩的腸子向上剝到兩肋，然後駕著鐵車，用兩肋的肉當被子，讓人拉著鐵車在火上行走，痛苦難忍，因為罪惡沒有解除所以死不了，地獄的苦難就是這樣。地獄中的鬼又抓人的兩腳，倒著扔進沸騰的鍋里，在鍋底也熟，在上面也熟，沸騰的湯上下翻滾沒有不熟的。就像煮豆子一樣，上下都熟，蓋著也熟，露著也熟，地獄中的人無論在哪裡都熟，沒有東西上下之分；這個人平生在世間的時候，放縱自己的心，放縱自己的口，放縱自己的身體所導致的，地獄的苦難就是這樣。地獄中的鬼又抓人，讓他們躺在赤熱的地上，用五種毒刑折磨他們，用燒紅的釘子釘他們的左手掌，又用燒紅的釘子釘他們的右手掌，又用燒紅的釘子釘他們的右腳，又用燒紅的釘子釘他們的左腳，又用燒紅的釘子釘他們的心臟，一直釘到地上，痛苦難忍，因為罪惡沒有解除所以死不了，地獄的苦難就是這樣。 地獄中的鬼牽著人的胳膊進入地獄城中，地獄城是正方形的，四面都有門，城的四面都很堅固，門都有守門的鬼。城的墻壁和地面都是鐵做的，城用鐵覆蓋著，不讓有任何泄露，地面都燒得通紅，周圍四千里，東邊的火焰燒到西邊，西邊的火焰燒到東邊，南邊的火焰燒到北邊，北邊的火焰燒到南邊，上面的火焰燒到地面，地面的火焰燒到上面。那些犯了這十種惡行的人都會墮入其中，殺生的人、偷盜的人、侵犯別人家婦女的人、欺騙別人的人、兩舌的人、惡語傷人的人、說謊的人、嫉妒的人、吝嗇貪婪的人，不相信有佛、不相信有經、不相信所作的因有善惡報應。像這樣的人充滿了地獄。在地獄中遭受毒刑的痛苦長達數千萬年，才遠遠地看到東邊的門開了，都跑過去
The hell-guards in the hells seize people again, and peel their skin with knives, from the intestines of both shoulders up to the ribs. Then, they drive iron carts, using the flesh of the ribs as blankets, forcing people to pull the carts on fire. The pain is unbearable, and because their sins are not resolved, they cannot die. Such is the suffering of hell. The hell-guards in the hells seize people's feet again, and throw them upside down into boiling cauldrons. They are cooked at the bottom and cooked at the top. The boiling liquid churns up and down, leaving nothing uncooked. It's like boiling beans, where everything is cooked, whether covered or exposed. People in hell are cooked everywhere, with no distinction between east, west, up, or down. This is the result of people indulging their minds, mouths, and bodies while they were alive. Such is the suffering of hell. The hell-guards in the hells seize people again, and make them lie on the red-hot ground, torturing them with five kinds of poisons. They nail their left palms with burning nails, then their right palms with burning nails, then their right feet with burning nails, then their left feet with burning nails, and finally, they nail their hearts with burning nails, piercing through to the ground. The pain is unbearable, and because their sins are not resolved, they cannot die. Such is the suffering of hell. The hell-guards in the hells drag people by their arms into the hell city. The hell city is a perfect square, with gates on all four sides. The walls of the city are all solid, and the gates are guarded by hell-guards. The walls and ground of the city are made of iron, and the city is covered with iron to prevent any leakage. The ground is all burning red, and the circumference is four thousand miles. The flames from the east wall reach the west wall, the flames from the west wall reach the east wall, the flames from the south wall reach the north wall, and the flames from the north wall reach the south wall. The flames from above reach the ground, and the flames from the ground reach above. Those who have committed these ten evil deeds will fall into this place: those who kill, those who steal, those who violate other people's wives, those who deceive, those who are double-tongued, those who speak harshly, those who lie, those who are jealous, those who are stingy and greedy, those who do not believe in the Buddha, those who do not believe in the scriptures, and those who do not believe that their actions have consequences of good or bad. Such people fill the hells. They suffer the pain of poisonous tortures in hell for tens of millions of years, until they see the eastern gate open in the distance, and they all run towards it.
。人足著地者即焦，舉足肉復生如故，當有得脫者便過出去，未當脫者門復閉。其人見有得脫出者，如反不得出，便極視躄地。守門鬼言：『咄死惡人，汝來於門下，何等求？』言：『我飢渴。』鬼便取鉤，鉤其上下頷，口皆挓開，便以消銅灌人口中，唇舌腸𦝩皆燋爛，銅便過下去。其人平生在世間時，求財利不用道理，所犯惡逆故受是殃，泥犁勤苦如是。
「復有泥犁，如世間爐炭正赤，縱廣數千里，人皆走出城，趣入炭火泥犁中，燒炙燋熟不得休息，毒痛不可忍，過惡未解故不死，泥犁中勤苦如是。
「次復入寒冰泥犁中，縱廣數千里。人入其中，皆寒凍戰慄、破碎摧裂，毒痛不可忍，過惡未解故不死，泥犁勤苦如是。
「複次入沸屎泥犁中，周匝數千里，屎即熱沸有氣，走趣行之。人入其中，便於其中自熟，毒痛不可忍，過惡未解故不得死，泥犁勤苦如是。
「複次入膿血泥犁中，周匝數千里，臭惡不可言，膿血皆沸。入墮其中，皆自熟爛形體壞敗，為烏鳥所食，毒痛不可忍，過惡未解故不得死，泥犁勤苦如是
現代漢語譯本：腳踏地的人立刻被燒焦，抬起腳肉又恢復如初，當有能夠脫身的人就通過出去，沒到脫身的時候門又會關閉。那人看到有能脫身出去的，好像自己反而不能出去，就極度絕望地癱倒在地。守門鬼說：『呸，該死的惡人，你來到門下，有什麼要求？』那人說：『我飢渴。』鬼就拿起鉤子，鉤住他的上下顎，嘴都張得很大，然後用熔化的銅汁灌入他的口中，嘴唇、舌頭、腸子都被燒焦爛，銅汁就流了下去。這人生前在世間時，追求錢財利益不講道理，所犯的罪惡深重，所以遭受這樣的災殃，地獄的苦難就是這樣。 現代漢語譯本：又有地獄，像世間的爐炭一樣通紅，縱橫數千里，人們都跑出城，奔入炭火地獄中，被燒烤得焦熟，不得休息，痛苦難忍，因為罪惡沒有解除所以不能死去，地獄的苦難就是這樣。 現代漢語譯本：接著又進入寒冰地獄中，縱橫數千里。人進入其中，都被寒冷凍得戰慄、破碎、摧裂，痛苦難忍，因為罪惡沒有解除所以不能死去，地獄的苦難就是這樣。 現代漢語譯本：再次進入沸騰的糞便地獄中，周圍數千里，糞便又熱又沸騰冒著氣，人們奔跑著進入其中。人進入其中，就在其中被煮熟，痛苦難忍，因為罪惡沒有解除所以不能死去，地獄的苦難就是這樣。 現代漢語譯本：再次進入膿血地獄中，周圍數千里，臭味難聞，膿血都在沸騰。人掉入其中，都被煮爛，形體敗壞，被烏鴉等鳥類吃掉，痛苦難忍，因為罪惡沒有解除所以不能死去，地獄的苦難就是這樣。
English version: Those whose feet touch the ground are immediately charred, but when they lift their feet, their flesh is restored as before. When there are those who can escape, they pass through, but when it is not their time to escape, the gate closes again. When that person sees others escaping, but feels unable to escape themselves, they collapse to the ground in utter despair. The gatekeeper ghost says: 'Bah, you wicked evildoer, what do you seek coming to this gate?' The person says: 'I am hungry and thirsty.' The ghost then takes a hook, hooks their upper and lower jaws, opening their mouth wide, and pours molten copper into their mouth, charring and rotting their lips, tongue, and intestines. The copper then flows down. This person, in their life, sought wealth and profit without reason, committing great evils, and thus suffers this calamity. The suffering in hell is like this. English version: There is another hell, like a red-hot furnace, stretching for thousands of miles. People run out of the city and into the fiery hell, where they are roasted and charred, unable to rest. The pain is unbearable, but because their sins are not resolved, they cannot die. The suffering in hell is like this. English version: Next, they enter the icy hell, stretching for thousands of miles. People who enter it are frozen, shivering, shattered, and broken. The pain is unbearable, but because their sins are not resolved, they cannot die. The suffering in hell is like this. English version: Again, they enter the boiling excrement hell, which extends for thousands of miles. The excrement is hot, boiling, and steaming. People run into it. Those who enter are cooked within it. The pain is unbearable, but because their sins are not resolved, they cannot die. The suffering in hell is like this. English version: Again, they enter the pus and blood hell, which extends for thousands of miles. The stench is unbearable, and the pus and blood are boiling. Those who fall into it are cooked and their bodies are destroyed, and they are eaten by crows and other birds. The pain is unbearable, but because their sins are not resolved, they cannot die. The suffering in hell is like this.
。
「次復入剃頭刀山，周匝數千里，人從膿死泥犁走，欲上山，山上有刀皆割其足；適欲據，割其手；適欲前，割其腹；適欲偃，割其背；適欲踞，割其臗；適欲傾，割其脅；毒痛不可忍，過惡未解故不死，泥犁勤苦如是。
「次復入劍樹，樹枝皆如劍。人入其中，劍刺人胸、刺人脅、刺人背、刺人手、刺人足、刺人身，前後皆徹，毒痛不可忍，過惡未解故不死，泥犁勤苦如是。
「次復入鐵竹蘆，縱廣數千里，樹葉皆如利刀。人入其中者，風至吹竹令震動，葉皆貫人肌、截人骨，形體無完處，苦痛不可忍，過惡未解故不死，泥犁勤苦如是。
「次復有入堿水泥犁，縱廣數千里水，堿水如鹽熱沸踴躍，水中有鳥，喙如鐵主，啄人肌、咬人骨，人不能忍是痛、便渡水去。守泥犁鬼言：『死惡人，汝何等求索？』人言：『我苦飢渴。』鬼即以鉤，鉤其上下龂，口皆挓開，復以消銅灌人口中，唇亦燋、舌亦燋、咽亦燋，腹中五藏皆燋盡，銅便下過去，其人不能復忍，復還入沸堿水中
『再次進入剃刀山，周圍數千里，人從膿血泥濘中走過，想要上山，山上的刀都會割傷他們的腳；剛想抓住，手就被割傷；剛想向前，腹部就被割傷；剛想後仰，背部就被割傷；剛想蹲下，臀部就被割傷；剛想傾斜，肋部就被割傷；劇痛難忍，因為罪惡未消所以不能死去，地獄的苦難就是這樣。 『再次進入劍樹林，樹枝都像劍一樣。人進入其中，劍刺穿人的胸膛、刺穿人的肋部、刺穿人的背部、刺穿人的手、刺穿人的腳、刺穿人的身體，前後都貫穿，劇痛難忍，因為罪惡未消所以不能死去，地獄的苦難就是這樣。 『再次進入鐵竹蘆葦地，縱橫數千里，樹葉都像鋒利的刀。人進入其中，風吹動竹子使其震動，樹葉都刺穿人的肌肉、截斷人的骨頭，身體沒有完整的地方，痛苦難忍，因為罪惡未消所以不能死去，地獄的苦難就是這樣。 『再次有進入堿水泥地獄的，縱橫數千里的水，堿水像鹽一樣熱烈沸騰，水中有鳥，喙像鐵鉤，啄人的肌肉、咬人的骨頭，人不能忍受這種痛苦，就渡水離開。看守地獄的鬼說：『該死的惡人，你想要什麼？』人說：『我飢渴難耐。』鬼就用鉤子，鉤住他們的上下牙齦，嘴都張開，又用熔化的銅灌入他們的口中，嘴唇也燒焦、舌頭也燒焦、咽喉也燒焦，腹中五臟都燒焦殆盡，銅就流了下去，他們不能再忍受，又回到沸騰的堿水中。
'Again, they enter the Razor Mountain, which stretches for thousands of miles. People walk through the muddy pus, and as they try to climb the mountain, the knives on it cut their feet. As they try to grab hold, their hands are cut. As they try to move forward, their abdomens are cut. As they try to lean back, their backs are cut. As they try to squat, their hips are cut. As they try to tilt, their ribs are cut. The pain is unbearable, but because their sins are not yet expiated, they cannot die. Such is the suffering of hell. 'Again, they enter the Sword Tree Forest, where the branches are all like swords. When people enter it, the swords pierce their chests, pierce their ribs, pierce their backs, pierce their hands, pierce their feet, and pierce their bodies, going all the way through. The pain is unbearable, but because their sins are not yet expiated, they cannot die. Such is the suffering of hell. 'Again, they enter the Iron Bamboo Reed Field, which stretches for thousands of miles. The leaves are all like sharp knives. When people enter it, the wind blows the bamboo, causing it to shake, and the leaves pierce their muscles and cut their bones. There is no part of their body that is whole. The pain is unbearable, but because their sins are not yet expiated, they cannot die. Such is the suffering of hell. 'Again, there are those who enter the Alkaline Mud Hell, where the water stretches for thousands of miles. The alkaline water is as hot and boiling as salt. In the water, there are birds with beaks like iron hooks, which peck at people's muscles and bite their bones. People cannot endure this pain and try to leave the water. The hell guard says, 『You damned evildoer, what do you seek?』 The person says, 『I am suffering from hunger and thirst.』 The guard then uses a hook to pull open their upper and lower gums, and then pours molten copper into their mouths. Their lips are scorched, their tongues are scorched, their throats are scorched, and their five internal organs are completely burned. The copper then flows down, and they cannot endure it any longer, so they return to the boiling alkaline water.'
。苦痛如前不能復忍，復還入鐵竹蘆中，苦痛如前不能復忍，復還入劍樹間，苦痛如前不能復忍，還入剃頭刀山，苦痛如前不能復忍，還入膿血泥犁，苦痛如前不能復忍，復還入沸𡱁泥犁，苦痛如前不能復忍，復還入炭火泥犁，苦痛如前不能復忍，復還入鐵城泥犁，苦痛不可忍。東門苦亦如是，南門苦亦如是，西門苦亦如是，北門苦亦如是。泥犁勤苦如是。」佛告諸比丘：「泥犁苦不可勝數，我略粗粗為汝說耳。」
佛言：「人作惡，在畜生中，以芻草為食，舌撈齒嗺。何等為舌撈齒嗺者？牛馬騾驢、象駝駝之屬，如是眾多。其人平生居世間時，心念惡、口言惡、身行惡，死後展轉來作是畜生，勤苦如是。」
佛言：「有禽獸，生於冥處、長於冥處、死於冥處。何等為生於冥處者？蛇鼠貍獺蟲蟻，如是之屬眾多。其人平生居世間時，心念惡、口言惡、身行惡，死後展轉化來，作是禽獸，勤苦如是。」
佛言：「有鱗蟲，生於水中、長於水中、死於水中。何等為生於水中者？蛟龍魚鱉黿鼉之屬，如是眾多。其人平生在世間時，心念惡、口言惡、身行惡，死後以展轉化來作是鱗蟲，勤苦如是。」
佛言：「有蟲豸，生於臭中、死於臭中、長於臭中
現代漢語譯本：痛苦如先前一樣無法忍受，又回到鐵竹蘆葦中，痛苦如先前一樣無法忍受，又回到劍樹之間，痛苦如先前一樣無法忍受，又回到剃頭刀山，痛苦如先前一樣無法忍受，又回到膿血泥犁，痛苦如先前一樣無法忍受，又回到沸騰的糞泥犁，痛苦如先前一樣無法忍受，又回到炭火泥犁，痛苦如先前一樣無法忍受，又回到鐵城泥犁，痛苦無法忍受。東門的痛苦也是這樣，南門的痛苦也是這樣，西門的痛苦也是這樣，北門的痛苦也是這樣。泥犁的勤苦就是這樣。」佛告訴眾比丘：「泥犁的痛苦無法勝數，我只是粗略地為你們說說罷了。」 佛說：「人作惡，在畜生中，以草料為食，用舌頭舔舐牙齒。什麼是用舌頭舔舐牙齒呢？牛、馬、騾、驢、象、駱駝等等，像這樣有很多。這個人平生在世間時，心裡想的是惡，口裡說的是惡，身體做的是惡，死後輾轉來做這些畜生，勤勞辛苦就是這樣。」 佛說：「有些禽獸，生在黑暗的地方，長在黑暗的地方，死在黑暗的地方。什麼是生在黑暗的地方呢？蛇、鼠、貍、獺、蟲、蟻，像這樣有很多。這個人平生在世間時，心裡想的是惡，口裡說的是惡，身體做的是惡，死後輾轉變化來做這些禽獸，勤勞辛苦就是這樣。」 佛說：「有些鱗蟲，生在水中，長在水中，死在水中。什麼是生在水中呢？蛟、龍、魚、鱉、黿、鼉等等，像這樣有很多。這個人平生在世間時，心裡想的是惡，口裡說的是惡，身體做的是惡，死後輾轉變化來做這些鱗蟲，勤勞辛苦就是這樣。」 佛說：「有些蟲豸，生在臭穢之中，死在臭穢之中，長在臭穢之中。
English version: The pain was unbearable as before, and they returned to the iron bamboo reeds. The pain was unbearable as before, and they returned among the sword trees. The pain was unbearable as before, and they returned to the razor mountain. The pain was unbearable as before, and they returned to the pus and blood hell. The pain was unbearable as before, and they returned to the boiling excrement hell. The pain was unbearable as before, and they returned to the charcoal fire hell. The pain was unbearable as before, and they returned to the iron city hell. The pain was unbearable. The suffering of the east gate is also like this, the suffering of the south gate is also like this, the suffering of the west gate is also like this, and the suffering of the north gate is also like this. The diligence and suffering of the hells are like this.' The Buddha told the monks, 'The suffering of the hells is countless, I am just roughly telling you about it.' The Buddha said, 'When people do evil, they are reborn as animals, eating grass and licking their teeth with their tongues. What does it mean to lick their teeth with their tongues? Cattle, horses, mules, donkeys, elephants, camels, and so on, there are many like this. When this person was alive in the world, their mind thought evil, their mouth spoke evil, and their body did evil. After death, they are reborn as these animals, and their hard work is like this.' The Buddha said, 'There are birds and beasts that are born in darkness, grow in darkness, and die in darkness. What are those born in darkness? Snakes, rats, foxes, otters, insects, ants, and many others like these. When this person was alive in the world, their mind thought evil, their mouth spoke evil, and their body did evil. After death, they are reborn as these birds and beasts, and their hard work is like this.' The Buddha said, 'There are scaled creatures that are born in water, grow in water, and die in water. What are those born in water? Dragons, fish, turtles, soft-shelled turtles, and many others like these. When this person was alive in the world, their mind thought evil, their mouth spoke evil, and their body did evil. After death, they are reborn as these scaled creatures, and their hard work is like this.' The Buddha said, 'There are insects that are born in filth, die in filth, and grow in filth.'
。何等為生於臭中？濕地蟲、溝邊蟲、溷中蟲，如是之屬眾多。其人平生在世間時，心念惡、口言惡、身行惡，死後以來作是蟲豸，勤苦如是。」
佛言：「有蟲畜主食不凈，人更衣，遙聞其臭，走行趣之，言我得食。何等為主食不凈者？犬豬蠅蜣螂，臭穢之屬如是眾多。其人平生於世間時，心念惡、口言惡、身行惡，死後展轉以來作是蟲畜，勤苦如是。」
佛告諸比丘：「蟲畜眾多，我粗粗為汝說耳。」
佛言：「人作惡，在薜荔中者，常食沸屎尿。所以常食沸屎尿者何？其人平生在世間時，心念惡、口言惡、身行惡，慳貪惜飲食，故在薜荔中。又薜荔以膿血為食，其人平生在世間時，作惡嗜美故，今食膿血。薜荔中有黑狗白狗，主食薜荔肌肉。薜荔中有烏，主食其腦。或有十歲未曾見水者，或時百歲未曾得水者，或遙見流水正清，欲行趣飲食，水空竭；或時有水化作消銅；或堿水沸如湯；適欲前飲鬼便捶之。在薜荔中勤苦如是。」
佛言：「薜荔眾多，我粗為汝說耳。」
佛言：「人在三惡道難得脫，譬如周匝八萬四千里水，中有一盲龜，水上有一浮木有一孔，龜從水中百歲一跳出頭，寧能值木孔中不？」
諸比丘言：「百千萬歲尚恐不入也
現代漢語譯本：'什麼叫做生於臭穢之中呢？' 濕地裡的蟲子、溝邊的蟲子、廁所里的蟲子，像這樣的種類有很多。這些人活著的時候，心裡想著壞事，嘴裡說著壞話，身體做著壞事，死後就變成這些蟲子，非常辛苦。 佛說：'有些蟲畜專門吃不乾淨的東西，人換衣服的時候，遠遠聞到臭味，就跑過去，說我能吃到東西了。' 哪些是專門吃不乾淨東西的呢？狗、豬、蒼蠅、屎殼郎，像這樣臭穢的種類有很多。這些人活著的時候，心裡想著壞事，嘴裡說著壞話，身體做著壞事，死後輾轉變成這些蟲畜，非常辛苦。 佛告訴各位比丘：'蟲畜有很多，我只是大概給你們說說。' 佛說：'人作惡，在薜荔中的，常常吃沸騰的屎尿。為什麼常常吃沸騰的屎尿呢？因為這些人活著的時候，心裡想著壞事，嘴裡說著壞話，身體做著壞事，吝嗇貪婪，捨不得吃喝，所以才在薜荔中。' 還有，薜荔以膿血為食，因為這些人活著的時候，作惡貪圖美味，所以現在吃膿血。薜荔中有黑狗白狗，專門吃薜荔的肌肉。薜荔中有烏鴉，專門吃它們的腦髓。有的十年沒見過水，有的百年沒喝過水，有時遠遠看見清澈的流水，想去喝，水卻乾涸了；有時有水卻變成熔化的銅；有時堿水沸騰像開水；剛想上前喝，鬼就打他們。在薜荔中非常辛苦。 佛說：'薜荔有很多，我只是大概給你們說說。' 佛說：'人在三惡道很難脫身，就像一個周長八萬四千里的水域，裡面有一隻瞎了的烏龜，水面上有一塊浮木，浮木上有一個孔，烏龜每隔一百年從水裡跳出來一次，頭能正好碰到木孔里嗎？' 各位比丘說：'即使過了一億年恐怕也進不去啊！'
English version: 'What is meant by being born in filth?' Insects in wetlands, insects by ditches, insects in latrines, and many such kinds. These people, when they were alive, had evil thoughts, spoke evil words, and did evil deeds. After death, they become these insects and suffer greatly. The Buddha said, 'There are some insects and animals that specifically eat unclean things. When people change clothes, they smell the stench from afar and run towards it, saying, 'I can eat!' What are those that specifically eat unclean things? Dogs, pigs, flies, dung beetles, and many such filthy kinds. These people, when they were alive, had evil thoughts, spoke evil words, and did evil deeds. After death, they are reborn as these insects and animals, suffering greatly. The Buddha told the monks, 'There are many insects and animals, I am just giving you a rough idea.' The Buddha said, 'Those who do evil and are in the Petas (hungry ghosts) often eat boiling excrement and urine. Why do they often eat boiling excrement and urine? Because when these people were alive, they had evil thoughts, spoke evil words, and did evil deeds. They were stingy and greedy, unwilling to share food and drink, so they are in the Petas.' Furthermore, the Petas feed on pus and blood because when these people were alive, they did evil and craved delicacies, so now they eat pus and blood. In the Petas, there are black dogs and white dogs that specifically eat the flesh of the Petas. There are crows that specifically eat their brains. Some have not seen water for ten years, some have not drunk water for a hundred years. Sometimes they see clear flowing water from afar and want to drink, but the water dries up. Sometimes the water turns into molten copper. Sometimes the alkaline water boils like hot water. Just as they are about to drink, the ghosts beat them. They suffer greatly in the Petas. The Buddha said, 'There are many Petas, I am just giving you a rough idea.' The Buddha said, 'It is difficult for people to escape the three evil realms. It is like a body of water with a circumference of 84,000 miles, in which there is a blind turtle. On the surface of the water, there is a piece of floating wood with a hole in it. The turtle jumps out of the water once every hundred years. Is it possible for its head to land in the hole in the wood?' The monks said, 'Even after hundreds of millions of years, it is unlikely to enter!'
。所以者何？有時木在東、龜在西，有時木在西、龜出東，有時木在南、龜出北，有時木在北、龜出南，有時龜適出頭，木為風所吹在陸地。」
「龜百歲一出頭，尚有入孔中時；人在三惡道處，難得作人，過於是龜。何以故？三惡處人，皆無所知識亦無法令，亦不知善惡，亦不知父母，亦不知佈施，更相啖食強行食弱。如此曹人，身未曾離於屠剝膿血瘡，從苦入苦、從冥入冥，惡人所更如是。」
佛言：「譬如人有掩者初亡甚多，至亡妻子田宅，羸跣無所復有，尚復負余。財主大促責，以煙燻之、以火炙之。」佛言：「如是掩者，所亡尚為薄少，初亡甚多至亡妻子田宅，復負掩餘錢，為人所熏炙，如是為一世貧，數之無幾殘歲。人心念惡、口言惡、身行惡，死後在三惡道中，過於是貧。在三惡道中無央數，正使從三惡道中得解脫，復於人中生，當於工匠，若野處貧乞丐家作子，若以手技自給，不能自飽滿好衣。雖在是中作子，或時跛蹇聾盲不屬逮人。若生於屠殺家，或生於賣牛羊屠魚獦雞狗，從惡道出，為是曹家作子，復作惡，死後當復還入惡道中。」
一時佛在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園。佛戒諸比丘言：「我以天眼視天下人，生死好醜、尊者卑者，人死得好道、得惡道者
這是什麼原因呢？有時樹木在東方，烏龜在西方；有時樹木在西方，烏龜在東方出現；有時樹木在南方，烏龜在北方出現；有時樹木在北方，烏龜在南方出現；有時烏龜剛伸出頭，樹木就被風吹到陸地上。 烏龜一百年才伸一次頭，尚且有縮回洞中的時候；人在三惡道中，難以獲得人身，比這烏龜還難。為什麼呢？三惡道中的眾生，都沒有知識，也沒有法度，不知道善惡，也不知道父母，也不知道佈施，互相吞食，強者吃弱者。這樣的人，身上從未離開過屠宰、膿血和瘡痍，從痛苦進入痛苦，從黑暗進入黑暗，惡人所經歷的就是這樣。 佛說：『譬如有人賭博輸了很多錢，以至於輸掉妻子、田地和房屋，變得赤貧，一無所有，還欠著債。債主逼債很急，用煙燻他，用火烤他。』佛說：『這樣賭博輸錢的人，所失去的還算很少，最初輸了很多，以至於輸掉妻子、田地和房屋，還欠著賭債，被人用煙燻火烤，這樣只是一世貧窮，剩下的日子不多了。人心念惡、口說惡言、身體做惡事，死後在三惡道中，比這貧窮還要慘。在三惡道中受苦無量無盡，即使從三惡道中解脫出來，再次投生為人，也會成為工匠，或者在野外貧窮的乞丐家做孩子，或者靠手藝勉強餬口，不能吃飽穿暖。即使在這樣的家庭中做孩子，有時也會是跛子、聾子、瞎子，不健全。如果生在屠宰之家，或者生在賣牛羊、殺魚、獵雞狗的家庭，從惡道出來，又在這樣的家庭中做孩子，繼續作惡，死後還會再次墮入惡道中。』 一時，佛陀在舍衛國的祇樹給孤獨園。佛陀告誡眾比丘說：『我用天眼觀察天下眾生，他們的生死、好壞、尊貴卑賤，以及死後進入善道或惡道的情況。』
What is the reason for this? Sometimes the tree is in the east and the turtle is in the west; sometimes the tree is in the west and the turtle appears in the east; sometimes the tree is in the south and the turtle appears in the north; sometimes the tree is in the north and the turtle appears in the south; sometimes the turtle just sticks its head out, and the tree is blown by the wind onto the land. A turtle only sticks its head out once every hundred years, and it still has times when it retreats back into its hole; people in the three evil realms find it difficult to obtain a human body, even more difficult than this turtle. Why is that? Beings in the three evil realms have no knowledge, no laws, do not know good and evil, do not know their parents, do not know giving, and devour each other, the strong eating the weak. Such people never leave behind slaughter, pus, blood, and sores, going from suffering to suffering, from darkness to darkness, this is what evil people experience. The Buddha said, 'It is like a person who gambles and loses a lot, to the point of losing his wife, fields, and house, becoming destitute, having nothing, and still owing debts. The creditors press him hard, smoking him with smoke and roasting him with fire.' The Buddha said, 'Such a person who loses money gambling has lost very little, initially losing a lot, to the point of losing his wife, fields, and house, and still owing gambling debts, being smoked and roasted by others, this is only one lifetime of poverty, with few remaining days. People's minds think evil, their mouths speak evil words, and their bodies do evil deeds, after death they are in the three evil realms, even more miserable than this poverty. In the three evil realms, they suffer immeasurably, even if they are liberated from the three evil realms and reborn as humans, they will become craftsmen, or children in poor beggar families in the wilderness, or barely make a living by their skills, unable to eat their fill or wear good clothes. Even if they are children in such families, they may be lame, deaf, blind, or disabled. If they are born into a slaughtering family, or a family that sells cattle, sheep, kills fish, hunts chickens and dogs, coming from the evil realms, they become children in such families, continue to do evil, and after death will fall back into the evil realms again.' At one time, the Buddha was in the Jeta Grove, Anathapindika's Park, in the country of Savatthi. The Buddha admonished the monks, saying, 'I use my heavenly eye to observe all the people in the world, their births and deaths, good and bad, noble and lowly, and whether they go to good or evil realms after death.'
。人於世間，身所行惡、口所言惡、心所念惡，常好烹殺祠祀鬼神者，死當入泥犁中。身常行善、口常言善、心常念善，死即生天上。」
佛言：「人如天雨水中泡起，雨從上滴之，一泡壞一泡成。人生世間，生者死者如泡起頃，佛持天眼視一天下人，有天上者、有入泥犁者，貧者富者、尊者卑者，人所為善惡。」佛言：「我皆知之。譬若冥夜，于城門兩邊各然大炬火，人有出者、有入者數千萬人，人從冥中皆見火中出入者。佛持天眼視上天者、入泥犁者，如人從冥中視火中出入者，如人上高樓，樓下有數千萬家，人從上望皆見諸家。」佛言：「我見天下人，死上天者、入泥犁者，如人從高樓上視諸家。」
佛言：「如人乘船行清水中，皆見水中魚石所有。佛持天眼視天下人，生天上者、入泥犁者，如人視清水中。天下有明月珠，持五彩縷貫之，人視珠皆見五彩別，知縷知珠相貫穿。佛見天下所從來生死善惡變化，如人見珠。」
佛言：「我見天下人不孝父母，不承事沙門婆羅門，不敬長老，不畏事，不畏今世後世，不驚不恐者，如是曹人死即入泥犁。與鹽王相見，即去惡就善
現代漢語譯本：人在世間，如果身體做惡事、口裡說惡語、心裡想惡念，常常喜歡烹殺牲畜來祭祀鬼神，死後應當墮入地獄。如果身體常常行善、口裡常常說善語、心裡常常想善念，死後就會升到天上。 佛說：『人就像天上下雨時水中的泡沫一樣，雨水從上面滴落，一個泡沫破滅，另一個泡沫又產生。人生在世間，生和死就像泡沫產生和破滅一樣短暫。佛用天眼觀察整個天下的人，有的升到天上，有的墮入地獄，有貧窮的，有富有的，有尊貴的，有卑賤的，都是因為他們所做的善惡行為。』佛說：『我都知道這些。就像在黑暗的夜晚，在城門兩邊各點燃巨大的火炬，人們有進有出，數千萬人，人們從黑暗中都能看到在火光中出入的人。佛用天眼觀察升到天上的人和墮入地獄的人，就像人們從黑暗中看到在火光中出入的人一樣。又像人登上高樓，樓下有數千萬戶人家，人們從樓上望下去都能看到各家各戶的情況。』佛說：『我看到天下的人，死後升到天上的，墮入地獄的，就像人們從高樓上看到各家各戶的情況一樣。』 佛說：『就像人乘船在清澈的水中行走，都能看到水中的魚和石頭。佛用天眼觀察天下的人，升到天上的，墮入地獄的，就像人看到清水中的景像一樣。天下有明月珠，用五彩絲線穿起來，人們看珠子都能看到五彩的顏色，知道絲線和珠子相互貫穿。佛看到天下眾生從哪裡來，到哪裡去，所做的善惡變化，就像人看到珠子一樣。』 佛說：『我看到天下人不孝順父母，不供養沙門婆羅門，不尊敬長輩，不畏懼罪惡，不畏懼今生和來世，不感到驚恐害怕的人，這些人死後就會墮入地獄。與閻羅王相見后，就會改惡從善。』
English version: People in the world, if their bodies do evil deeds, their mouths speak evil words, and their minds think evil thoughts, and they often like to cook and kill animals to sacrifice to ghosts and gods, they should fall into hell after death. If their bodies always do good deeds, their mouths always speak good words, and their minds always think good thoughts, they will ascend to heaven after death. The Buddha said, 'People are like bubbles in the water when it rains from the sky. As raindrops fall from above, one bubble bursts and another forms. Life in the world, birth and death, is as brief as the formation and bursting of bubbles. The Buddha, with his heavenly eye, observes all the people in the world. Some ascend to heaven, some fall into hell, some are poor, some are rich, some are noble, and some are lowly, all because of the good and evil deeds they have done.' The Buddha said, 'I know all of this. It's like in the dark night, when huge torches are lit on both sides of the city gate, people come and go, tens of millions of them. People can see those entering and exiting in the firelight from the darkness. The Buddha, with his heavenly eye, observes those who ascend to heaven and those who fall into hell, just as people see those entering and exiting in the firelight from the darkness. It's also like a person climbing a tall building, with tens of millions of households below. People can see the situation of each household from above.' The Buddha said, 'I see the people of the world, those who ascend to heaven after death and those who fall into hell, just as people see the situation of each household from a tall building.' The Buddha said, 'It's like a person traveling in a boat on clear water, they can see all the fish and stones in the water. The Buddha, with his heavenly eye, observes the people of the world, those who ascend to heaven and those who fall into hell, just as a person sees the scene in clear water. There is a bright moon pearl in the world, strung with five-colored threads. When people look at the pearl, they can see the five colors and know that the threads and the pearl are intertwined. The Buddha sees where all beings in the world come from, where they go, and the changes of good and evil they have done, just as a person sees the pearl.' The Buddha said, 'I see that the people of the world are not filial to their parents, do not support the Shramanas and Brahmins, do not respect the elders, do not fear sin, do not fear this life and the next, and are not surprised or afraid. These people will fall into hell after death. After meeting King Yama, they will turn away from evil and do good.'
。主泥犁卒名曰旁，旁即將人道至鹽王所，泥犁旁白言：『此人於世間時，為人不孝父母，不承事沙門婆羅門，不敬長老，不喜佈施，不畏今世後世，不畏禁戒，愿王處是人過罪。』王即呼人前，對之言：『若為人時於世間，不念父母養育，若推𤍜居濕乳哺長大，若何以不孝父母？』其人即對言：『我實愚癡憍慢。』王言：『處若罪過者，非若父母，非天非帝王，非沙門婆羅門過。若身所作，當自得之。』是為鹽王第一問。
「『若不見世間人病困劇時，羸劣甚極手足不仁？』其人言：『我實見之。』王言：『若何以不自改為善耶？』人言：『我實愚癡憍慢。』王言：『若身所作，當自得之。是亦非父母，非天非帝王，非沙門婆羅門過。若身所作，當自得之。』是為鹽王第二問。
「『若不見世間男女老時，眼無所見，耳無所聞，持杖而行，黑髮更白不如少年時？』其人對曰：『我實見老人持杖而行。』『當是時若何以不自改為善耶？』其人言：『我實愚癡憍慢。』王言：『是亦非若父母，非天非帝王，非沙門婆羅門過。若身所作，當自得之。』是為鹽王第三問
現代漢語譯本：地獄的獄卒名叫旁，旁會把人帶到閻王那裡。獄卒旁稟告說：『這個人活著的時候，不孝順父母，不侍奉僧侶和婆羅門，不尊敬長輩，不喜歡佈施，不畏懼今生來世，不遵守戒律，希望大王判處他的罪過。』閻王就叫那人上前，對他說：『你活著的時候，不念及父母的養育之恩，他們把你放在乾燥的地方，自己睡在潮濕的地方，用乳汁把你養大，為什麼不孝順父母呢？』那人回答說：『我實在愚癡傲慢。』閻王說：『判處你罪過，不是你父母的過錯，不是天神和帝王的過錯，也不是僧侶和婆羅門的過錯。是你自己做的，應當自己承擔。』這是閻王的第一問。 『你難道沒見過世間的人生病痛苦，身體虛弱，手腳麻木嗎？』那人說：『我確實見過。』閻王說：『那你為什麼不改過向善呢？』那人說：『我實在愚癡傲慢。』閻王說：『是你自己做的，應當自己承擔。這不是你父母的過錯，不是天神和帝王的過錯，也不是僧侶和婆羅門的過錯。是你自己做的，應當自己承擔。』這是閻王的第二問。 『你難道沒見過世間的男女老去，眼睛看不見，耳朵聽不見，拄著枴杖走路，黑髮變白，不如年輕的時候嗎？』那人回答說：『我確實見過老人拄著枴杖走路。』『那時你為什麼不改過向善呢？』那人說：『我實在愚癡傲慢。』閻王說：『這不是你父母的過錯，不是天神和帝王的過錯，也不是僧侶和婆羅門的過錯。是你自己做的，應當自己承擔。』這是閻王的第三問。
English version: The jailer of hell is named Pang. Pang will lead people to King Yama. Jailer Pang reports: 『This person, when alive, was not filial to his parents, did not serve monks and Brahmins, did not respect elders, did not like to give alms, did not fear this life or the next, and did not observe precepts. I hope Your Majesty will judge his sins.』 King Yama then calls the person forward and says to him: 『When you were alive, you did not think of your parents' nurturing grace, how they placed you in dry places and slept in wet places, and raised you with their milk. Why were you not filial to your parents?』 The person replies: 『I was truly foolish and arrogant.』 King Yama says: 『The judgment of your sins is not the fault of your parents, not the fault of gods or emperors, nor the fault of monks or Brahmins. It is what you did yourself, and you must bear it yourself.』 This is King Yama's first question. 『Have you not seen people in the world suffering from illness, their bodies weak, their hands and feet numb?』 The person says: 『I have indeed seen it.』 King Yama says: 『Then why did you not change your ways and do good?』 The person says: 『I was truly foolish and arrogant.』 King Yama says: 『It is what you did yourself, and you must bear it yourself. This is not the fault of your parents, not the fault of gods or emperors, nor the fault of monks or Brahmins. It is what you did yourself, and you must bear it yourself.』 This is King Yama's second question. 『Have you not seen men and women in the world grow old, their eyes unable to see, their ears unable to hear, walking with canes, their black hair turning white, not like when they were young?』 The person replies: 『I have indeed seen old people walking with canes.』 『At that time, why did you not change your ways and do good?』 The person says: 『I was truly foolish and arrogant.』 King Yama says: 『This is not the fault of your parents, not the fault of gods or emperors, nor the fault of monks or Brahmins. It is what you did yourself, and you must bear it yourself.』 This is King Yama's third question.
「『若於世間時，不見男子女人死，一日至二日至七日，身體腐爛形體壞敗，為蟲蟻所食，為眾人所惡？若見是，何以不自改為善耶？』其人言：『我實見之，愚癡憍慢。』『若施行，何以不端若行、端若口、端若心？是亦非父母，非天非帝王，非沙門婆羅門過。若身所作，當自得之。』是為鹽王第四問。
「『若為人時於世間，寧見長吏捕得劫人殺人賊，即反縛送獄掠治考問，或有將出于道中挌殺，或生牽磔者，若寧見是不？』其人言：『我實見之。』『若何以不自改為善？若為人時，何以不正若身、正若口、正若心？』其人言：『我實愚癡憍慢。』『若身所作，當自得之。是亦非父母，非天非帝王，非沙門婆羅門過。若身所作，當自得之。』是為鹽王第五問對。
「問對已畢，泥犁旁則牽將持出詣一鐵城，是第一泥犁，名阿鼻摩泥犁。城有四門，周匝四千里，中有大釜縱廣四十里，深亦四十里，泥犁旁以矛刺人，內著釜中煮之。如是無數城中皆有火，人遙望見之，皆愁怖戰慄。如是入者數千萬人，泥犁旁趁人而內其中，晝夜不得出入，四面走欲求出門，門皆閉不得出。人在其中數千萬歲，火亦不滅、人亦不死
『如果在世間，看到男子女人死去，一天到七天，身體腐爛，形體敗壞，被蟲蟻吃掉，被眾人厭惡？如果看到這些，為什麼不自己改過向善呢？』那人說：『我確實看到了，但我愚癡傲慢。』『如果實行善行，為什麼不端正自己的行為、言語和心念呢？這也不是父母、天神、帝王、沙門婆羅門的過錯。如果身體做了惡事，應當自己承擔後果。』這是閻王第四個問題。 『如果做人時在世間，看到官吏抓捕搶劫殺人的強盜，反綁起來送進監獄審問，或者有被拉到路上處決，或者被活活肢解的，你是否看到過這些？』那人說：『我確實看到過。』『既然如此，為什麼不自己改過向善呢？如果做人時，為什麼不端正自己的行為、言語和心念呢？』那人說：『我實在愚癡傲慢。』『如果身體做了惡事，應當自己承擔後果。這也不是父母、天神、帝王、沙門婆羅門的過錯。如果身體做了惡事，應當自己承擔後果。』這是閻王第五個問答。 問答完畢，地獄的獄卒就牽著他們，帶到一座鐵城，這是第一層地獄，名叫阿鼻摩地獄。城有四門，周長四千里，中間有一個大鍋，縱橫四十里，深也四十里，獄卒用矛刺人，把他們扔進鍋里煮。像這樣無數的城中都有火，人們遠遠望見，都感到憂愁恐懼，戰慄不已。像這樣進入地獄的有數千萬人，獄卒驅趕著他們進入其中，晝夜不得出入，四處奔走想要出門，但門都關閉著無法出去。人在其中數千萬年，火也不會熄滅，人也不會死去。
'If in the world, you see men and women die, their bodies decaying and their forms ruined within one to seven days, eaten by insects and ants, and loathed by all? If you see this, why do you not change yourself for the better?' The person said, 'I have indeed seen it, but I am foolish and arrogant.' 'If you practice good deeds, why do you not rectify your actions, speech, and thoughts? This is not the fault of parents, gods, emperors, or ascetics and Brahmins. If the body commits evil, one must bear the consequences oneself.' This is the fourth question of King Yama. 'If, when being a person in the world, you see officials capture robbers and murderers, bind them and send them to prison for interrogation, or some are dragged out to be executed on the road, or some are dismembered alive, have you seen these things?' The person said, 'I have indeed seen them.' 'If so, why do you not change yourself for the better? If you are a person, why do you not rectify your actions, speech, and thoughts?' The person said, 'I am truly foolish and arrogant.' 'If the body commits evil, one must bear the consequences oneself. This is not the fault of parents, gods, emperors, or ascetics and Brahmins. If the body commits evil, one must bear the consequences oneself.' This is the fifth question and answer of King Yama. After the questions and answers were finished, the hell guards led them to an iron city, which is the first hell, named Avici Hell. The city has four gates, with a circumference of four thousand miles. In the middle is a large cauldron, forty miles wide and forty miles deep. The hell guards use spears to stab people and throw them into the cauldron to be boiled. In countless such cities, there is fire. People see it from afar and feel sorrow, fear, and trembling. Millions of people enter the hell like this. The hell guards drive them into it, and they cannot enter or leave day and night. They run around trying to find a way out, but the gates are all closed, and they cannot leave. People remain there for tens of millions of years, the fire does not go out, and the people do not die.
。久久見東門自開，人皆走欲出，適至門中門復閉，諸欲出人復于門中共鬥諍欲得出。久久復遙見南門開，皆走往門復閉，人皆復于門中共鬥諍欲得出。久久復遙見北城門開，人皆走往門復閉，人皆復于門中共鬥諍欲得出。久久復遙見西門開，人皆走往門復閉。久久四門復開，人皆走往悉得出，自以為得脫。
「復入第二鳩延泥犁中，走足著地即焦，舉足肉復生如故。有東走者、西走者、南走者、北走者，周匝地皆熱焦，數千萬歲乃竟，自以為得脫。
「復入第三彌離摩德泥犁中，其中有蟲，蟲名掘啄，嘴如鐵，頭黑。是蟲見人皆迎而啄人，肉骨髓皆盡，如此數千萬歲乃竟，自以為得脫。
「復入第四崩羅多泥犁中，其中有石石如利刀，人皆走上其顛，有走下者，皆欲求脫，不知當如去，足皆截剝，地石皆如利刀，如是複數千萬歲乃竟，自以為得脫。
「復入第五阿夷波多洹泥犁中，其中有熱風，風大熱，過於世間爐炭，風來著身焦人身體，皆欲避之者，常與熱風相逢，避之不能得脫。其人求死不能得死、求生不能得生，如是數千萬歲竟乃得出，自以為得脫。
「復入第六阿喻慘波犁洹泥犁中，其中多樹木，樹木皆為刺，樹間有鬼
現代漢語譯本： 許久之後，看見東門自己打開了，人們都跑著想要出去，剛到門中間，門又關上了，所有想出去的人又在門裡互相爭鬥，想要出去。許久之後，又遠遠看見南門開了，大家都跑過去，門又關上了，人們又在門裡互相爭鬥，想要出去。許久之後，又遠遠看見北城門開了，大家都跑過去，門又關上了，人們又在門裡互相爭鬥，想要出去。許久之後，又遠遠看見西門開了，大家都跑過去，門又關上了。許久之後，四門又都開了，人們都跑著出去，都以為自己逃脫了。 『又進入第二鳩延泥犁中，腳一著地就燒焦了，抬起腳肉又像原來一樣長出來。有往東跑的、往西跑的、往南跑的、往北跑的，周圍的地面都熱得燒焦，過了數千萬年才結束，自己以為逃脫了。 『又進入第三彌離摩德泥犁中，裡面有蟲子，蟲子名叫掘啄，嘴像鐵一樣，頭是黑色的。這種蟲子看見人就迎上來啄人，肉、骨頭、骨髓都被吃盡，這樣過了數千萬年才結束，自己以為逃脫了。 『又進入第四崩羅多泥犁中，裡面有石頭，石頭像鋒利的刀一樣，人們都跑上石頭頂端，有跑下來的，都想求得逃脫，不知道該往哪裡去，腳都被割裂剝落，地上的石頭都像鋒利的刀一樣，這樣又過了數千萬年才結束，自己以為逃脫了。 『又進入第五阿夷波多洹泥犁中，裡面有熱風，風非常熱，比世間的爐炭還要熱，風吹到身上，人身體就燒焦了，大家都想躲避它，常常與熱風相遇，躲避不了，無法逃脫。這些人求死不能死，求生不能生，這樣過了數千萬年才結束，才得以出來，自己以為逃脫了。 『又進入第六阿喻慘波犁洹泥犁中，裡面有很多樹木，樹木都長滿了刺，樹木之間有鬼』
English version: After a long time, the east gate opened by itself, and people all ran wanting to get out. Just as they reached the middle of the gate, it closed again. All those who wanted to get out then fought and struggled with each other inside the gate, trying to escape. After a long time, they saw the south gate open in the distance, and everyone ran towards it, but the gate closed again. People then fought and struggled with each other inside the gate, trying to escape. After a long time, they saw the north city gate open in the distance, and everyone ran towards it, but the gate closed again. People then fought and struggled with each other inside the gate, trying to escape. After a long time, they saw the west gate open in the distance, and everyone ran towards it, but the gate closed again. After a long time, all four gates opened again, and people all ran out, thinking they had escaped. 'Then they entered the second Kūṭa-śālmalī hell, where their feet were burned as soon as they touched the ground. When they lifted their feet, the flesh grew back as before. Some ran east, some west, some south, and some north. The surrounding ground was all scorched with heat. After tens of millions of years, it ended, and they thought they had escaped.' 'Then they entered the third Mīlī-māṭa hell, where there were insects called 'diggers and peckers,' with mouths like iron and black heads. These insects would come to peck at people, eating all their flesh, bones, and marrow. After tens of millions of years, it ended, and they thought they had escaped.' 'Then they entered the fourth Bhangara-prāpta hell, where there were stones as sharp as knives. People ran to the top of the stones, and those who ran down all sought to escape, not knowing where to go. Their feet were all cut and peeled, and the stones on the ground were all like sharp knives. After tens of millions of years, it ended, and they thought they had escaped.' 'Then they entered the fifth Avīci hell, where there was hot wind, so hot that it was hotter than the charcoal in a furnace. When the wind touched their bodies, it burned them. Everyone tried to avoid it, but they always encountered the hot wind, unable to escape. These people could not die when they sought death, nor could they live when they sought life. After tens of millions of years, they were finally able to get out, and they thought they had escaped.' 'Then they entered the sixth Ayuta-śālmalī hell, where there were many trees, all covered with thorns, and among the trees were ghosts.'
。人入其中，鬼頭上即出火，口中亦出火，合身有十六刺。鬼遙見人來入，大怒火，皆出前食人肉，十六刺皆貫人身體，裂而食之。人皆欲得出，走者常觸是鬼，如是數千萬歲乃竟，自以為得脫。
「復入第七熟徙務泥犁中，其中有蟲名敦，人入其中者，是蟲飛來入人口中，食人身體，人皆走極欲求脫，蟲食不置，人皆四面走不能得脫，如是數千萬歲乃竟，自以為得脫。
「復入第八檀尼愈泥犁中，其中有流水，人皆墮水中，水邊刺棘，是水熱過於世間湯灌，熱沸踴躍人皆熟爛。走欲上岸，岸邊有鬼持矛手刺人，復內其中令不得出。人入皆隨水下流，下流復有鬼，鬼復徼而鉤之，問言：『若曹從何所來？若為是間？』人言：『我不知從何所來，亦不知當如去。我但苦飢渴，欲隨逐飯食耳。』鬼言：『我與汝食。』即取消銅以注人口，復中皆燋，如是求死不得死、求生不得生。其人於世間為人時作惡，是故求解不得解。
「諸泥犁人皆復得出，自以為得脫，還反更入第七泥犁中，第七泥犁中鬼迎問：『若去已復還為？』諸泥犁中人皆言：『我但苦飢渴
現代漢語譯本：人一旦進入其中，鬼的頭上就會冒出火焰，口中也會噴出火焰，全身長有十六根尖刺。鬼遠遠看見有人進來，便會怒火中燒，火焰噴涌而出，吞噬人的血肉，十六根尖刺會貫穿人的身體，將其撕裂吞食。人們都想逃出去，奔跑時常常會撞到這些鬼，就這樣持續數千萬年才結束，自以為終於逃脫。 現代漢語譯本：又進入第七層熟徙務泥犁中，那裡有一種名叫敦的蟲子，人一旦進入其中，這種蟲子就會飛入口中，啃食人的身體。人們都拚命奔跑想要逃脫，但蟲子不停地啃食，人們四處奔走卻無法逃脫，就這樣持續數千萬年才結束，自以為終於逃脫。 現代漢語譯本：又進入第八層檀尼愈泥犁中，那裡有流水，人們都掉入水中，水邊長滿荊棘，水的熱度比世間的沸水還要高，熱得翻滾沸騰，人們都被煮得稀爛。想要上岸，岸邊有鬼拿著長矛刺人，又把人推回水中，讓人無法出來。人們都隨著水流向下漂去，下游又有鬼，鬼會攔截並用鉤子鉤住他們，問道：『你們是從哪裡來的？為什麼會在這裡？』人們說：『我不知道從哪裡來，也不知道該往哪裡去。我只是飢渴難耐，想要追逐食物罷了。』鬼說：『我給你食物。』隨即用熔化的銅汁灌入他們的口中，從裡到外都被燒焦，這樣求死不得，求生不能。這些人活著的時候作惡，所以現在求救也得不到解脫。 現代漢語譯本：各個泥犁中的人都再次出來，自以為終於逃脫，卻又返回到第七層泥犁中，第七層泥犁中的鬼迎上來問道：『你們不是已經走了嗎，怎麼又回來了？』泥犁中的人們都說：『我們只是飢渴難耐』
English version: Once a person enters, fire immediately erupts from the ghost's head and mouth, and sixteen thorns grow all over its body. When the ghost sees someone entering from afar, it becomes enraged, spewing flames to devour the person's flesh. The sixteen thorns pierce through the person's body, tearing and consuming them. People all try to escape, but they often run into these ghosts. This continues for tens of millions of years before it ends, and they believe they have finally escaped. English version: They then enter the seventh hell, the 'Shu Xi Wu' hell, where there is a worm called 'Dun'. When a person enters, this worm flies into their mouth and eats their body. People desperately try to escape, but the worm continues to eat them. They run in all directions but cannot escape. This continues for tens of millions of years before it ends, and they believe they have finally escaped. English version: They then enter the eighth hell, the 'Tan Ni Yu' hell, where there is flowing water. People fall into the water, and the water's edge is full of thorns. The water is hotter than boiling water in the world, so hot that it boils and churns, and people are cooked to a pulp. When they try to get to the shore, there are ghosts with spears who stab them and push them back into the water, preventing them from getting out. People all flow downstream with the water, and downstream there are more ghosts who intercept and hook them, asking: 'Where did you come from? Why are you here?' People say: 'I don't know where I came from, nor do I know where I should go. I am just suffering from hunger and thirst, and I want to follow food.' The ghost says: 'I will give you food.' Then they pour molten copper into their mouths, burning them from the inside out. They cannot die, nor can they live. These people did evil when they were alive, so now they cannot find relief. English version: All the people in the hells come out again, believing they have finally escaped, but they return to the seventh hell. The ghosts in the seventh hell greet them and ask: 'Didn't you leave already? Why have you returned?' The people in the hells all say: 'We are just suffering from hunger and thirst.'
。』即復入第六泥犁中，從第六復入第五，從第五復入第四，從第四復入第三，從第三複入第二，從第二復入第一阿鼻摩泥犁求出，遙望見鐵城，皆歡喜大呼，俱稱萬歲。鹽王聞之，即問泥犁旁：『是何等聲？』泥犁旁即白言：『是呼聲者，是前所過泥犁中去。』鹽王言：『是皆不孝父母，不畏天，不畏帝王，不敬先祖，不承事沙門婆羅門，不畏禁戒者。』鹽王復見之言：『若莫非鹽王也，今若皆解脫去，當復為人作子者當孝順，當善事長老，當畏天，當畏帝王，當承事沙門婆羅門，當端若心、端若口、端若身。人生在世間，罪過小且輕，泥犁罪過大重；若得沙門婆羅門當承事，然後當得度脫諸惡道，勤苦之處皆已閉塞。』對已畢，諸泥犁中人皆得出在城外，夜皆死。
「死者先世為人時，雖作惡多猶有小善，從泥犁中還者，皆更正如道，從泥犁中出，各正心正行者，不復還入泥犁也；泥犁亦不呼人，從惡行所致，更泥犁中酷毒痛苦，亦可自思念亦可為善。」
佛說教如是，比丘皆歡喜
現代漢語譯本：他們隨即又回到第六層地獄中，從第六層又回到第五層，從第五層又回到第四層，從第四層又回到第三層，從第三層又回到第二層，從第二層又回到第一層阿鼻地獄，尋求出路。遠遠望見鐵城，都歡喜地大聲呼喊，一起稱頌『萬歲』。閻羅王聽見后，就問地獄旁的獄卒：『這是什麼聲音？』獄卒回答說：『這是呼喊聲，是之前從地獄中經過的人發出的。』閻羅王說：『這些人都是不孝順父母，不敬畏上天，不敬畏帝王，不尊敬祖先，不侍奉僧侶和婆羅門，不遵守戒律的人。』閻羅王又對他們說：『如果我不是閻羅王，現在你們都解脫了，將來再做人時，應當孝順父母，應當善待長輩，應當敬畏上天，應當敬畏帝王，應當侍奉僧侶和婆羅門，應當端正心念、端正言語、端正行為。人生在世，罪過小而輕，地獄的罪過大而重；如果能侍奉僧侶和婆羅門，然後才能脫離各種惡道，勤苦之處都將關閉。』說完這些話，所有地獄中的人都被放出城外，當晚都死了。 那些死去的人，前世做人時，雖然作惡多端，但仍有小善，從地獄中返回的人，都更加走上正道。從地獄出來，各自端正心念和行為的人，就不會再回到地獄了；地獄也不會再召喚他們。從惡行所導致的，在地獄中遭受殘酷痛苦，也可以自己反思，也可以行善。」 佛陀的教誨就是這樣，比丘們都歡喜地接受了。
English version: They then re-entered the sixth hell, from the sixth they re-entered the fifth, from the fifth they re-entered the fourth, from the fourth they re-entered the third, from the third they re-entered the second, and from the second they re-entered the first Avici hell, seeking a way out. Seeing the iron city from afar, they all joyfully shouted and together proclaimed 'Long live!' King Yama, hearing this, asked the hell guards, 'What is this sound?' The guards replied, 'It is the sound of shouting, made by those who have passed through the hells before.' King Yama said, 'These are all those who were unfilial to their parents, did not fear heaven, did not fear the emperor, did not respect their ancestors, did not serve monks and Brahmins, and did not observe the precepts.' King Yama then said to them, 'If I were not King Yama, and you were all now released, when you are reborn as humans, you should be filial to your parents, treat elders well, fear heaven, fear the emperor, serve monks and Brahmins, and be upright in mind, speech, and action. In life, sins are small and light, but the sins of hell are great and heavy; if you can serve monks and Brahmins, then you can escape all evil paths, and the places of hardship will be closed.' After saying this, all the people in the hells were released outside the city, and they all died that night. Those who died, in their previous lives as humans, although they had done much evil, still had some small good. Those who returned from hell all walked the right path. Those who came out of hell and rectified their minds and actions would not return to hell again; hell would not call them back. From the evil deeds that led to the cruel suffering in hell, one can reflect on oneself and do good.」 Such was the Buddha's teaching, and the monks all rejoiced.
The Buddha Speaks of the Naraka Sutra