T02n0115_佛說馬有八態譬人經

大正藏第 02 冊 No. 0115 佛說馬有八態譬人經

No. 115 [No. 99(924), No. 100(149)]

佛說馬有八態譬人經(出雜阿含別譯)

後漢西域三藏支曜譯

聞如是：

一時，佛在舍衛國行在祇樹給孤獨園，多比丘僧俱。佛告諸比丘：「馬有弊惡態八。何等八？一態者解羈韁時便掣車欲走；二態者駕車跳𨄈欲嚙人；三態者便舉前兩腳掣車走；四態者便踏車軨；五態者便人立持軛摩挲車卻行；六態者便傍行邪走；七態者便掣車馳走，得濁泥抵止住不復行；八態者懸篼喂之熟視不肯食，其主牽去欲駕之，遽唅噏噬欲食不能得食。」

佛言：「人亦有弊惡態八

現代漢語譯本《佛說馬有八態譬人經》

（出自《雜阿含經》的別譯本）

我聽聞是這樣的：

一時，佛陀在舍衛國，住在祇樹給孤獨園，與眾多比丘僧在一起。佛陀告訴眾比丘：『馬有八種弊惡的形態。是哪八種呢？第一種形態是，解開韁繩時就拉扯車子想要跑；第二種形態是，駕車時跳躍踢騰想要咬人；第三種形態是，抬起前兩隻腳拉扯車子跑；第四種形態是，踩踏車輪；第五種形態是，像人一樣站立，用頸部摩擦車子，然後倒退著走；第六種形態是，側著身子斜著走；第七種形態是，拉著車子飛奔，遇到泥濘就停下來不再走；第八種形態是，用籃子餵它，它熟視不肯吃，它的主人牽著它想要駕車，它就急忙張口想要吃，卻吃不到。』

佛陀說：『人也有八種弊惡的形態。』

English version The Sutra of the Buddha's Discourse on the Eight Vices of Horses as a Metaphor for People

(Extracted from a separate translation of the Samyukta Agama)

Translated by the Tripiṭaka Master Zhi Yao of the Western Regions during the Later Han Dynasty

Thus have I heard:

At one time, the Buddha was in the country of Shravasti, residing in the Jeta Grove of Anathapindika's Garden, together with many monks. The Buddha told the monks: 'Horses have eight kinds of vicious and bad behaviors. What are these eight? The first behavior is that when the reins are untied, it pulls the cart and wants to run away; the second behavior is that when driving the cart, it jumps and kicks, wanting to bite people; the third behavior is that it raises its front two legs and pulls the cart to run; the fourth behavior is that it steps on the cart wheel; the fifth behavior is that it stands up like a person, rubs the cart with its neck, and then walks backward; the sixth behavior is that it walks sideways and obliquely; the seventh behavior is that it pulls the cart and gallops, but when it encounters mud, it stops and no longer moves; the eighth behavior is that when it is fed with a basket, it stares at the food but refuses to eat, and when its owner leads it to be harnessed, it hastily opens its mouth wanting to eat, but cannot get to eat.'

The Buddha said: 'People also have eight kinds of vicious and bad behaviors.'

。何等為八？一態者聞說經便走不欲聽，如馬解羈韁掣車走時；二態者聞說經意不解，不知語所趣向，便瞋跳𨄈不欲聞，如馬駕車時跳𨄈欲嚙人時；三態者聞說經便逆不受，如馬舉前兩腳掣車走時；四態者聞說經便罵，如馬踏車軨時；五態者聞說經便起去，如馬人立持軛摩挲車卻行時；六態者聞說經不肯聽，䫌頭邪視耳語，如馬傍行邪走時；七態者聞說經便欲窮難，問之不能相應答，便死抵妄語，如馬得濁泥便止不復行時；八態者聞說經不肯聽，反念淫泆多求不欲聽受，死入惡道時，乃遽欲學問行道，亦不能復得行道，如馬懸篼喂之熟視不肯食，其主牽去欲駕之，乃遽唅噏噬亦不得食。」

佛言：「我說馬八態，惡人亦有八惡態如是。」

諸比丘聞經歡喜，作禮而去

現代漢語譯本：什麼是八種狀態呢？第一種狀態是，聽到講經說法就立刻走開，不想聽，就像馬掙脫韁繩拉著車跑開一樣；第二種狀態是，聽到講經說法，心裡不明白，不知道話語的含義和指向，就生氣跳腳，不想聽，就像馬駕車時跳腳想咬人一樣；第三種狀態是，聽到講經說法就牴觸不接受，就像馬抬起前腿拉著車跑開一樣；第四種狀態是，聽到講經說法就謾罵，就像馬踢車輪一樣；第五種狀態是，聽到講經說法就起身離開，就像馬站立著，人拿著軛摩擦車子，馬卻向後退一樣；第六種狀態是，聽到講經說法不肯聽，歪著頭斜眼看，竊竊私語，就像馬側身斜走一樣；第七種狀態是，聽到講經說法就想窮追猛打地刁難，問他卻不能正確回答，就死不承認，胡說八道，就像馬陷入泥潭就停下來不走一樣；第八種狀態是，聽到講經說法不肯聽，反而想著淫慾放蕩，貪求享樂，不想聽受，等到死後墮入惡道時，才急忙想學習佛法修行，也無法再修行了，就像馬被懸掛著飼料袋餵食，卻熟視無睹不肯吃，主人牽著它想駕車，它才急忙張嘴想吃，卻也吃不到了。佛說：『我說馬有八種狀態，惡人也有八種惡劣的狀態，就像這樣。』眾比丘聽了佛的教誨，歡喜地行禮后離去。

English version: What are the eight states? The first state is that upon hearing the scriptures being preached, one immediately walks away, not wanting to listen, like a horse that breaks free from its reins and runs away pulling the cart; the second state is that upon hearing the scriptures being preached, one does not understand, not knowing the meaning or direction of the words, and becomes angry and agitated, not wanting to listen, like a horse that kicks and tries to bite when being harnessed; the third state is that upon hearing the scriptures being preached, one resists and does not accept, like a horse that raises its front legs and runs away pulling the cart; the fourth state is that upon hearing the scriptures being preached, one curses, like a horse kicking the wheel of a cart; the fifth state is that upon hearing the scriptures being preached, one gets up and leaves, like a horse standing while a person holds the yoke and rubs the cart, but the horse moves backward; the sixth state is that upon hearing the scriptures being preached, one refuses to listen, tilting their head and looking askance, whispering, like a horse walking sideways; the seventh state is that upon hearing the scriptures being preached, one wants to nitpick and make things difficult, and when asked, cannot answer correctly, then stubbornly denies and speaks nonsense, like a horse that stops and refuses to move when it gets stuck in mud; the eighth state is that upon hearing the scriptures being preached, one refuses to listen, instead thinking of lust and debauchery, seeking pleasure, not wanting to listen and accept, and when they die and fall into evil realms, they then hastily want to learn the Dharma and practice, but can no longer practice, like a horse that is fed with a hanging feed bag, but looks at it without eating, and when the owner leads it to be harnessed, it hastily tries to eat, but cannot. The Buddha said, 'I spoke of the eight states of a horse, and evil people also have eight evil states like this.' The monks, having heard the Buddha's teachings, rejoiced, paid their respects, and departed.

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佛說馬有八態譬人經

The Buddha Speaks of the Eight States of a Horse as a Metaphor for People