T02n0122_佛說波斯匿王太后崩塵土坌身經

大正藏第 02 冊 No. 0122 佛說波斯匿王太后崩塵土坌身經

No. 122 [Nos. 99(1227), 100(54), 125(26.7)]

佛說波斯匿王太后崩塵土坌身經

西晉沙門法炬譯

聞如是：

一時，婆伽婆在舍衛城祇樹給孤獨園。爾時，拘娑羅國波斯匿王太后崩，時年百歲老無壯勢，精進修善法。時，波斯匿王供殯送母，日正中還，塵土坌身步往詣園至世尊所，頭面禮足在一面坐。時，世尊問王言：「今王何故塵土坌身步來至我所？」

時，波斯匿王便涕泣不能自勝，揮淚白世尊言：「太后崩，世尊！太后無常，如來！年在期頤無少壯力，積修善法甚戀痛念，夙夜孝養未曾違志，命可贖者世殞身壽。若象馬車乘贖命可得者，盡當持贖；以人民眾贖命可得者，亦當持贖；莫使我母命過

現代漢語譯本佛說波斯匿王太后去世時，塵土沾滿了身體的經文西晉沙門法炬翻譯我聽聞是這樣的：一時，佛陀在舍衛城的祇樹給孤獨園。當時，拘薩羅國的波斯匿王的太后去世了，她享年百歲，年老體衰，但精進地修習善法。當時，波斯匿王為母親舉行葬禮，在正午時分返回，身上沾滿了塵土，步行來到園中，到了世尊所在的地方，頭面觸地禮拜，然後在一旁坐下。這時，世尊問國王說：『今天你為何身上沾滿塵土，步行來到我這裡？』這時，波斯匿王便哭泣不止，擦著眼淚對世尊說：『太后去世了，世尊！太后無常，如來！她年事已高，沒有年輕的力氣，但積累修習善法，非常留戀和痛苦地思念著。我早晚孝順奉養她，從未違揹她的意願，如果可以用壽命來贖回她的生命，我願意獻出自己的壽命。如果可以用大象、馬匹、車乘來贖回她的生命，我也會全部拿出來贖回；如果可以用人民大眾來贖回她的生命，我也會拿出來贖回；不要讓我母親的生命逝去。』

English version The Sutra Spoken by the Buddha on King Pasenadi's Mother Passing Away and Dust Covering His Body Translated by the Śramaṇa Dharmarc of the Western Jin Dynasty Thus have I heard: At one time, the Bhagavan was in the Jeta Grove of Anathapindika in Shravasti. At that time, the Queen Mother of King Pasenadi of Kosala passed away. She was a hundred years old, old and frail, but diligently practiced good dharma. At that time, King Pasenadi held a funeral for his mother, and returned at noon, his body covered in dust. He walked to the garden, arrived at the place where the World Honored One was, bowed his head to the ground in reverence, and sat down to one side. Then, the World Honored One asked the king, 'Why have you come to me today, your body covered in dust?' At that time, King Pasenadi wept uncontrollably, wiping away his tears, and said to the World Honored One, 'My mother has passed away, World Honored One! My mother is impermanent, Tathagata! She was old and had no youthful strength, but she accumulated and practiced good dharma, and she was very attached and pained by her thoughts. I was filial to her morning and night, never disobeying her wishes. If her life could be redeemed with my own, I would offer my life. If her life could be redeemed with elephants, horses, or carriages, I would offer them all. If her life could be redeemed with the masses of people, I would offer them as well. Do not let my mother's life pass away.'

。若以金銀贖命可得者，亦當持贖；若以珍寶贖命可得者，亦當持贖；若以金銀珍寶贖命可得者，亦當持金銀珍寶贖命；若以奴贖命可得者，亦當持奴贖命；若以婢贖命可得者，亦當持婢贖命；若以奴婢贖命可得者，亦當持奴婢贖命；若以村落贖命可得者，亦當以村落贖命；若以城廓贖命可得者，亦當以城廓贖命；若以村落城廓贖命可得者，亦當以城廓村落贖命；若以一方贖命可得者，亦當以一方贖命；若以地人民贖命可得者，亦當以地人民贖命；若以人民一方贖命可得者，亦當以人民一方贖命；莫使我母命過。」

爾時，世尊告波斯匿王言：「如是，大王！如王所說，若以白象贖命可得者，便可以像贖母命，若以馬車、人民、珍寶金銀、奴婢、村落、城廓、一方人民贖母命可得者，便當以一方人民贖母命，莫使我母命過。是故，大王！當思惟無常想，當廣佈無常想，當廣佈死想。」

爾時，世尊便說偈言：

「一切人歸死，　　無有不死者，隨行種殃福，　　自獲善惡果。地獄為惡行，　　善者必生天，明慧能分別，　　唯福能遏惡

現代漢語譯本：如果用金銀可以贖回生命，也應當用金銀贖回；如果用珍寶可以贖回生命，也應當用珍寶贖回；如果用金銀珍寶可以贖回生命，也應當用金銀珍寶贖回；如果用奴隸可以贖回生命，也應當用奴隸贖回；如果用婢女可以贖回生命，也應當用婢女贖回；如果用奴婢可以贖回生命，也應當用奴婢贖回；如果用村落可以贖回生命，也應當用村落贖回；如果用城郭可以贖回生命，也應當用城郭贖回；如果用村落城郭可以贖回生命，也應當用城郭村落贖回；如果用一方土地可以贖回生命，也應當用一方土地贖回；如果用當地人民可以贖回生命，也應當用當地人民贖回；如果用人民和一方土地可以贖回生命，也應當用人民和一方土地贖回；不要讓我母親的生命逝去。當時，世尊告訴波斯匿王說：『是的，大王！正如你所說，如果用白象可以贖回母親的生命，就可以用象贖回母親的生命；如果用馬車、人民、珍寶金銀、奴婢、村落、城郭、一方人民可以贖回母親的生命，就應當用一方人民贖回母親的生命，不要讓我母親的生命逝去。因此，大王！應當思考無常的道理，應當廣泛傳播無常的道理，應當廣泛傳播死亡的道理。』當時，世尊就說了偈語：『一切人終將歸於死亡，沒有誰是不死的，隨著所行的善惡因果，自己承受善惡的報應。惡行之人將墮入地獄，善行之人必定升入天堂，明智的人能夠分辨善惡，只有福德才能阻止惡行。』

English version: If life can be redeemed with gold and silver, it should be redeemed with gold and silver; if life can be redeemed with treasures, it should be redeemed with treasures; if life can be redeemed with gold, silver, and treasures, it should be redeemed with gold, silver, and treasures; if life can be redeemed with slaves, it should be redeemed with slaves; if life can be redeemed with maids, it should be redeemed with maids; if life can be redeemed with slaves and maids, it should be redeemed with slaves and maids; if life can be redeemed with villages, it should be redeemed with villages; if life can be redeemed with city walls, it should be redeemed with city walls; if life can be redeemed with villages and city walls, it should be redeemed with city walls and villages; if life can be redeemed with a region, it should be redeemed with a region; if life can be redeemed with the local people, it should be redeemed with the local people; if life can be redeemed with people and a region, it should be redeemed with people and a region; do not let my mother's life pass away.' At that time, the World Honored One said to King Pasenadi, 'Yes, great king! As you have said, if the life of a mother can be redeemed with a white elephant, then it can be redeemed with an elephant; if the life of a mother can be redeemed with chariots, people, precious treasures, gold and silver, slaves, maids, villages, city walls, or the people of a region, then it should be redeemed with the people of a region, do not let my mother's life pass away. Therefore, great king! You should contemplate the thought of impermanence, you should widely spread the thought of impermanence, you should widely spread the thought of death.' At that time, the World Honored One spoke a verse: 'All people return to death, there is no one who does not die, Following the good and bad causes and effects of their actions, they themselves receive the rewards of good and evil. Those who do evil will fall into hell, those who do good will surely ascend to heaven, The wise can distinguish between good and evil, only merit can prevent evil.'

。

「如是，大王！有四恐畏、大恐畏，無能避者，亦不可以力刀杖避，咒術、藥草、象馬車乘、人民、珍寶金銀、奴婢、村落城廓、一方人民，珍寶金銀、奴婢、村落城廓、一方人民。云何為四？老為大恐畏，肌肉消盡，不可以刀杖避，乃至一方人民皆無能避；病為大恐畏，無強健志，不可以刀杖避，乃至一方人民；死為大恐畏，盡無有壽，不可以刀杖避，乃至一方人民；恩愛別離為大恐畏，不可以刀杖避，乃至一方人民。是謂，大王！有此四大恐畏，不可以刀杖避，咒術、藥草、象馬車乘、人民，珍寶金銀、奴婢、村落城廓、一方人民，珍寶金銀、奴婢、村落城廓、一方人民。譬如，大王！有大云起雷電霹靂，斯須還散亦不久停。如是，大王！人命極短壽極百歲，其中出者亦少少耳。譬如，大王！有四大山石無有空缺，四山皆等一時相磨，樹木藥草不可以刀杖避。如是，大王！有四大恐畏至，不可得避。云何為四？老為大患，肌肉消盡，不可以刀杖避，藥草咒術而得避者；病為大患，無強健志；死為大患，身永滅；恩愛別離為大患，不可以刀杖避，咒術、藥草而得避者。大王！廣修無常想，廣佈無常想

『正是如此，大王！有四種恐懼、巨大的恐懼，是無法避免的，也不能用武力、刀劍來躲避，咒術、藥物、象馬車乘、人民、珍寶金銀、奴婢、村落城廓、一方人民都無法躲避。哪四種呢？衰老是巨大的恐懼，肌肉消退殆盡，無法用刀劍躲避，甚至一方人民都無法躲避；疾病是巨大的恐懼，沒有強健的意志，無法用刀劍躲避，甚至一方人民都無法躲避；死亡是巨大的恐懼，壽命終結，無法用刀劍躲避，甚至一方人民都無法躲避；恩愛別離是巨大的恐懼，無法用刀劍躲避，甚至一方人民都無法躲避。這就是，大王！有這四大恐懼，無法用刀劍躲避，咒術、藥物、象馬車乘、人民，珍寶金銀、奴婢、村落城廓、一方人民，珍寶金銀、奴婢、村落城廓、一方人民都無法躲避。譬如，大王！有巨大的雲朵升起，雷電交加，瞬間消散，不會停留很久。就像這樣，大王！人的壽命極其短暫，最多活到一百歲，其中能活到這個歲數的人也寥寥無幾。譬如，大王！有四座巨大的山，石頭沒有空隙，四座山同時互相碾磨，樹木藥草都無法用刀劍躲避。就像這樣，大王！有四大恐懼到來，是無法躲避的。哪四種呢？衰老是巨大的禍患，肌肉消退殆盡，無法用刀劍躲避，也無法用藥物咒術來躲避；疾病是巨大的禍患，沒有強健的意志；死亡是巨大的禍患，身體永遠消滅；恩愛別離是巨大的禍患，無法用刀劍躲避，也無法用咒術、藥物來躲避。大王！廣泛修習無常的觀念，廣泛傳播無常的觀念。』

'Indeed, O King! There are four fears, great fears, that cannot be avoided, nor can they be evaded by force, swords, spells, herbs, elephants, horses, chariots, people, precious jewels, gold and silver, slaves, villages, cities, or the people of a region. What are the four? Old age is a great fear, the muscles wasting away, which cannot be avoided by swords, nor can even the people of a region avoid it; sickness is a great fear, with no strength of will, which cannot be avoided by swords, nor can even the people of a region avoid it; death is a great fear, the end of life, which cannot be avoided by swords, nor can even the people of a region avoid it; separation from loved ones is a great fear, which cannot be avoided by swords, nor can even the people of a region avoid it. These, O King! are the four great fears, which cannot be avoided by swords, spells, herbs, elephants, horses, chariots, people, precious jewels, gold and silver, slaves, villages, cities, or the people of a region. Just as, O King! a great cloud arises with thunder and lightning, and then quickly dissipates and does not remain long. So too, O King! is the life of a person extremely short, with a maximum lifespan of one hundred years, and few indeed reach that age. Just as, O King! there are four great mountains of solid rock, with no gaps, and these four mountains grind against each other simultaneously, trees and herbs cannot avoid it with swords. So too, O King! do the four great fears come, and they cannot be avoided. What are the four? Old age is a great affliction, the muscles wasting away, which cannot be avoided by swords, nor can it be avoided by herbs or spells; sickness is a great affliction, with no strength of will; death is a great affliction, the body forever destroyed; separation from loved ones is a great affliction, which cannot be avoided by swords, nor can it be avoided by spells or herbs. O King! widely cultivate the thought of impermanence, widely spread the thought of impermanence.'

。所以然者，已修無常想，當布無常想，盡斷一切欲愛，盡斷一切色愛，盡斷一切無色愛，一切無明盡斷，此間所有愛亦斷。譬如，大王！草藁積薪積以火往燒，大叢林、若臺閣舍，此亦如是。若修無常想，廣佈無常想，盡斷欲愛，盡斷色愛，盡斷無色愛，盡斷無明，盡斷此間所有愛。是故，大王！當以正法治化，莫以非法治化。如是，大王！當作是學。」

爾時，波斯匿王白世尊言：「此法名何等？當云何奉持？」

世尊告曰：「名除憂患經，此法除去憂患。」

時，波斯匿王白世尊言：「如是，世尊！除憂患經，如是，世尊！除憂患經。所以然者，我聞此法已，世尊！所有戀慕愁憂皆悉除盡，自覺身體柔軟歡喜。」爾時，世尊與王波斯匿，具說微妙法勸令歡喜。時，波斯匿王即從坐起，頭面禮足繞佛三匝而去。

爾時，拘娑羅國波斯匿王，聞佛所說，歡喜奉行

現代漢語譯本：之所以這樣，是因為已經修習了無常的觀念，應當廣佈無常的觀念，徹底斷除一切對慾望的愛，徹底斷除一切對物質的愛，徹底斷除一切對非物質的愛，徹底斷除一切無明，此間所有的愛也都會斷除。譬如，大王！草、乾草、柴薪堆積起來用火去燒，無論是大叢林，還是樓臺亭閣，都會被燒燬，修習無常的觀念也是如此。如果修習無常的觀念，廣泛傳播無常的觀念，就能徹底斷除對慾望的愛，徹底斷除對物質的愛，徹底斷除對非物質的愛，徹底斷除無明，徹底斷除此間所有的愛。所以，大王！應當用正法來治理教化，不要用非法來治理教化。大王！應當這樣學習。當時，波斯匿王對世尊說：『這個法叫什麼名字？應當如何奉行？』世尊告訴他說：『這個法名為除憂患經，這個法可以除去憂患。』當時，波斯匿王對世尊說：『是的，世尊！是除憂患經，是的，世尊！是除憂患經。之所以這樣，是因為我聽聞了這個法之後，世尊！所有戀慕和憂愁都全部消除了，自覺身體柔軟，內心歡喜。』當時，世尊為波斯匿王詳細地講述了微妙的佛法，勸導他歡喜。當時，波斯匿王立即從座位上起身，頭面頂禮佛足，繞佛三圈后離去。當時，拘薩羅國的波斯匿王，聽聞佛所說的法，歡喜地奉行。

English version: The reason for this is that one has already cultivated the contemplation of impermanence, and should propagate the contemplation of impermanence, completely severing all desire for sensual pleasures, completely severing all desire for material forms, completely severing all desire for immaterial forms, completely severing all ignorance, and all attachments in this realm will also be severed. For example, O King! When grass, straw, and firewood are piled up and set ablaze, whether it be a large forest or a pavilion, they will be burned. It is the same with cultivating the contemplation of impermanence. If one cultivates the contemplation of impermanence and widely propagates the contemplation of impermanence, one can completely sever the desire for sensual pleasures, completely sever the desire for material forms, completely sever the desire for immaterial forms, completely sever ignorance, and completely sever all attachments in this realm. Therefore, O King! You should govern and teach with the righteous Dharma, not with unrighteousness. Thus, O King! You should learn. At that time, King Pasenadi said to the World Honored One, 'What is the name of this Dharma? How should it be practiced?' The World Honored One replied, 'It is called the Sutra of Removing Sorrow, this Dharma removes sorrow.' At that time, King Pasenadi said to the World Honored One, 'Yes, World Honored One! It is the Sutra of Removing Sorrow, yes, World Honored One! It is the Sutra of Removing Sorrow. The reason for this is that after hearing this Dharma, World Honored One! All my attachments and sorrows have been completely eliminated, and I feel my body is soft and my heart is joyful.' At that time, the World Honored One explained the subtle Dharma in detail to King Pasenadi, encouraging him to rejoice. At that time, King Pasenadi immediately rose from his seat, bowed his head to the Buddha's feet, circumambulated the Buddha three times, and then departed. At that time, King Pasenadi of Kosala, having heard what the Buddha had said, joyfully practiced it.

佛說波斯匿王太后去世，塵土飛揚沾滿全身的經過。

The Buddha spoke of the event of King Pasenadi's mother passing away, with dust flying and covering his body.