T02n0142b_玉耶女經
大正藏第 02 冊 No. 0142b 玉耶女經
玉耶女經
失譯人名今附西晉錄
聞如是：
一時，佛在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園，為諸四輩弟子說經。是時，國中給孤獨家為子娶婦，得長者女名曰玉耶，端正殊特，不以婦禮，輕慢公姑及以夫婿。給孤獨長者夫婦議言：「是婦不順，當云何教？若加杖捶，非善法也；設不教訶，其罪日增。」長者議曰：「惟佛能化。」明旦嚴服往詣佛所，稽首禮足前白佛言：「我為子娶婦得長者女，甚大憍慢不以婦禮，惟愿世尊，哀愍我等並諸弟子，明日勸請，到舍說經令心開解。」佛即受請，長者歡喜禮佛而歸。
長者到舍廣設排程嚴飾床座，明旦佛來到長者舍，長者欣慶請如來入舍，眾坐已定，皆各禮佛卻住一面，佛飯食訖併爲說經，惟有玉耶憍慢不出。佛念愍之放大神力，變長者家皆化作水精色，內外相照無有障礙。玉耶見佛三十二相、八十種好，衣毛為豎戰慄惶怖，即出禮佛卻住一面，合掌低頭默無所說。
佛語玉耶：「女人不以面貌端正，不順夫婿非為端正，心端行正是為端正。女人身中有十惡事，不自覺知。何等十惡？一者託生父母甚難養育，二者懷妊憂愁，三者初生父母不喜，四者養育無味，五者父母隨逐不離時宜，六者處處畏人，七者常憂嫁之，八者生已父母離別，九者常畏夫婿，十者不得自在，是名十惡也。」
玉耶惶怖白佛言：「世尊！愿佛教我婦人之禮，其事云何？」
佛語玉耶：「婦事夫婿公姑大長，有五善三惡
現代漢語譯本 《玉耶女經》 失譯人名，今附西晉錄。 我聽聞是這樣的： 一時，佛陀在舍衛國的祇樹給孤獨園，為四眾弟子說法。當時，舍衛國中給孤獨長者家為兒子娶媳婦，娶到一位長者的女兒，名叫玉耶，她容貌端莊美麗，卻不遵守婦道，輕慢公婆和丈夫。給孤獨長者夫婦商議說：『這個媳婦不順從，應當如何教導她呢？如果用棍棒責打，不是好的方法；如果不對她進行教誨，她的罪過會日益增加。』長者於是想：『只有佛陀能夠教化她。』第二天早上，長者穿戴整齊來到佛陀的住所，向佛陀頂禮，然後稟告說：『我為兒子娶了媳婦，娶到一位長者的女兒，她非常驕慢，不遵守婦道，希望世尊您能憐憫我們和所有弟子，明天接受我們的邀請，到我家說法，讓她能開悟。』佛陀接受了邀請，長者歡喜地向佛陀頂禮后回家。 長者回到家中，廣設宴席，佈置床座。第二天早上，佛陀來到長者家，長者高興地迎接如來進入家中。大家坐定后，都向佛陀頂禮，然後退到一旁站立。佛陀用過飯後，開始為大家說法，只有玉耶驕慢地不肯出來。佛陀憐憫她，於是施展神通，將長者家變成水精的顏色，內外通透，沒有障礙。玉耶看到佛陀的三十二相、八十種好，汗毛豎立，戰慄恐懼，立刻出來向佛陀頂禮，然後退到一旁站立，合掌低頭，默默無語。 佛陀對玉耶說：『女人不應該只看重容貌端正，不順從丈夫就不是端正，內心端正、行為端正才是真正的端正。女人身上有十種惡事，自己卻不知道。哪十種惡事呢？第一，託生父母，很難養育；第二，懷孕時憂愁；第三，初生時父母不高興；第四，養育時沒有樂趣；第五，父母隨時隨地跟隨，不能離開；第六，處處畏懼他人；第七，常常擔憂嫁人；第八，生下後與父母分離；第九，常常畏懼丈夫；第十，不能自由自在。這叫做十惡。』 玉耶惶恐地對佛陀說：『世尊！希望您能教導我婦人的禮儀，應該怎麼做？』 佛陀對玉耶說：『婦人侍奉丈夫和公婆，有五種善事和三種惡事。』
English version The Sutra of the Girl Yuye The name of the translator is lost, now attached to the Western Jin record. Thus have I heard: At one time, the Buddha was in the Jeta Grove of Anathapindika in Shravasti, teaching the Dharma to the fourfold assembly of disciples. At that time, the family of Anathapindika in Shravasti was taking a wife for their son. They obtained the daughter of an elder, named Yuye. She was exceptionally beautiful, but did not observe the proper conduct of a wife, and was disrespectful to her parents-in-law and husband. The couple Anathapindika discussed, saying, 'This wife is not obedient, how should we teach her? If we use sticks and beat her, it is not a good method; if we do not teach and scold her, her sins will increase daily.' The elder thought, 'Only the Buddha can transform her.' The next morning, he dressed formally and went to the Buddha's place, bowed his head to the ground, and said to the Buddha, 'I have taken a wife for my son, the daughter of an elder. She is very arrogant and does not observe the proper conduct of a wife. I hope that the World Honored One will have compassion on us and all the disciples, and accept our invitation tomorrow to come to our house to preach the Dharma, so that she may be enlightened.' The Buddha accepted the invitation, and the elder joyfully bowed to the Buddha and returned home. The elder returned home and prepared a grand feast, arranging the beds and seats. The next morning, the Buddha came to the elder's house. The elder was delighted to welcome the Tathagata into his home. After everyone was seated, they all bowed to the Buddha and stood aside. After the Buddha had eaten, he began to preach the Dharma to everyone. Only Yuye, in her arrogance, refused to come out. The Buddha, out of compassion for her, manifested his divine power, transforming the elder's house into the color of crystal, transparent inside and out, without any obstruction. Yuye saw the Buddha's thirty-two marks and eighty minor characteristics, her hair stood on end, and she trembled with fear. She immediately came out to bow to the Buddha, then stood aside, with her palms together, head lowered, and said nothing. The Buddha said to Yuye, 'A woman should not only value her beautiful appearance. If she does not obey her husband, she is not beautiful. A pure heart and righteous conduct are true beauty. There are ten evil things in a woman's body, of which she is not aware. What are these ten evils? First, being born to parents is very difficult to raise; second, being pregnant causes worry; third, parents are not happy when she is first born; fourth, raising her is not enjoyable; fifth, parents must follow her everywhere and cannot leave her; sixth, she is always afraid of others; seventh, she is always worried about getting married; eighth, after being born, she is separated from her parents; ninth, she is always afraid of her husband; tenth, she is not free. These are called the ten evils.' Yuye, in fear, said to the Buddha, 'World Honored One! I hope you can teach me the proper conduct of a woman, what should I do?' The Buddha said to Yuye, 'A woman serving her husband and parents-in-law has five good things and three bad things.'
。何等五善？一者后臥早起美食先進，二者撾罵不得懷恚，三者一心向夫不得邪淫，四者愿夫長壽以身奉使，五者夫婿遠行整理家中無有二心，是為五善。何等三惡？一者輕慢夫婿不順大長，美食自啖，未冥早臥日出不起，夫婿教訶瞋目怒應。二者見夫不歡心常敗壞，念他男子好。三者愿夫早死更嫁，是為三惡。」玉耶默然無言可答。
佛語玉耶：「世間下有七輩婦，為汝說之一心善聽。一者母婦，二者妹婦，三者知識婦，四者婦婦，五者婢婦，六者怨家婦，七者奪命婦。汝今解不？」玉耶答言：「不及此義。」
佛言：「善聽，吾今解之。何等母婦？愛念夫主，如母愛子，晝夜長養，不失時宜，心常憐念，無有厭患，念夫如子，是為母婦。何等妹婦？承事夫婿，盡其敬誠，如兄如弟，同氣分形，骨血至親，無有二情，尊之重之，如妹事兄，是為妹婦。何等知識婦？奉事夫婿，敬順懇至，依依戀戀，不能相遠，私密之事，常相告示，行無違失，善事相教，使益明慧，相親相愛，欲令度世，如善知識，是為知識婦。何等婦婦？供養大人，竭情盡行，無有一二，凈修婦禮，終不廢闕，進不犯義，退不失禮，常和為貴，是名婦婦。何等婢婦？心常畏忌，不敢自慢，忠孝盡節，口不粗言，身不放逸，以禮自防，如民奉王，夫婿敬幸，不得憍慢，若得杖捶，敬承奉受，及見罵辱，默然無辭，甘身苦樂，無有二心，募修婦道，不擇衣食，事夫如事大家，是名婢婦
現代漢語譯本：什麼是五種善行？第一是晚睡早起，好吃的食物先給丈夫；第二是被打罵時不懷恨意；第三是專心侍奉丈夫，不與他人邪淫；第四是希望丈夫長壽，盡心服侍；第五是丈夫遠行時，整理好家務，沒有二心，這就是五種善行。什麼是三種惡行？第一是輕視怠慢丈夫，不順從長輩，好吃的自己吃，天沒黑就早睡，太陽出來還不起床，丈夫教訓時就瞪眼怒懟；第二是見到丈夫不高興，心裡常常想著別的男人好；第三是希望丈夫早死，自己好改嫁，這就是三種惡行。」玉耶聽后沉默不語，無言以對。 佛陀對玉耶說：『世間有七種妻子，我為你一一解說，你要專心聽好。第一種是母婦，第二種是妹婦，第三種是知識婦，第四種是婦婦，第五種是婢婦，第六種是怨家婦，第七種是奪命婦。你現在明白了嗎？』玉耶回答說：『我不明白其中的含義。』 佛陀說：『仔細聽好，我現在為你解釋。什麼是母婦？愛護丈夫，如同母親愛護兒子一樣，日夜照顧，不失時機，心中常常憐愛，沒有厭煩，對待丈夫如同對待兒子，這就是母婦。什麼是妹婦？侍奉丈夫，盡心盡力，如同對待兄長或弟弟一樣，同氣連枝，骨肉至親，沒有二心，尊敬他，重視他，如同妹妹侍奉兄長，這就是妹婦。什麼是知識婦？侍奉丈夫，恭敬順從，懇切至誠，依依不捨，不能遠離，私密的事情，常常互相告知，行為沒有過失，好事互相教導，使彼此更加明智，互相親愛，希望一起度過人生，如同善知識一樣，這就是知識婦。什麼是婦婦？供養長輩，竭盡全力，沒有絲毫懈怠，認真修習婦道，始終不廢棄，進退不違背禮義，以和睦為貴，這就是婦婦。什麼是婢婦？心中常常畏懼，不敢自大，忠誠孝順，盡心盡力，說話不粗魯，行為不放縱，以禮法約束自己，如同百姓侍奉君王一樣，丈夫寵愛自己，也不敢驕傲自滿，如果受到鞭打，也恭敬承受，如果受到辱罵，也默默不語，甘願承受苦樂，沒有二心，努力修習婦道，不挑剔衣食，侍奉丈夫如同侍奉大家長，這就是婢婦。
English version: What are the five virtues? First, to sleep late and rise early, offering the best food to her husband first; second, not to harbor resentment when scolded or beaten; third, to be devoted to her husband and not engage in adultery; fourth, to wish her husband a long life and serve him diligently; fifth, when her husband travels far, to manage the household well and have no divided heart. These are the five virtues. What are the three evils? First, to look down on her husband, not obey elders, eat the best food herself, sleep early before dark, and not rise until the sun is up, and to glare and respond angrily when her husband teaches her; second, to be unhappy when seeing her husband, and to constantly think of other men as better; third, to wish her husband would die early so she can remarry. These are the three evils.' Yuye remained silent, with nothing to say in response. The Buddha said to Yuye, 'In this world, there are seven kinds of wives. I will explain them to you one by one, listen carefully. The first is the motherly wife, the second is the sisterly wife, the third is the knowledgeable wife, the fourth is the wife-like wife, the fifth is the servant wife, the sixth is the enemy wife, and the seventh is the life-taking wife. Do you understand now?' Yuye replied, 'I do not understand the meaning of this.' The Buddha said, 'Listen carefully, I will now explain it to you. What is a motherly wife? She loves her husband as a mother loves her son, caring for him day and night, never missing an opportunity, always feeling compassion, without any resentment, treating her husband as her son. This is a motherly wife. What is a sisterly wife? She serves her husband with utmost respect and sincerity, as if he were her brother, sharing the same breath and form, with close blood ties, having no divided heart, respecting and valuing him, as a younger sister serves her older brother. This is a sisterly wife. What is a knowledgeable wife? She serves her husband with respect and obedience, earnestly and sincerely, being inseparable and unable to be apart, always sharing private matters, acting without fault, teaching each other good things, making each other wiser, loving each other, and wishing to transcend the world together, like a good mentor. This is a knowledgeable wife. What is a wife-like wife? She serves her elders with all her heart and effort, without any negligence, diligently practicing the way of a wife, never abandoning it, advancing and retreating without violating propriety, valuing harmony above all else. This is a wife-like wife. What is a servant wife? She is always fearful and cautious, never arrogant, loyal and filial, doing her best, not speaking rudely, not acting recklessly, restraining herself with propriety, serving her husband as a subject serves a king, not becoming arrogant even when favored by her husband, respectfully accepting beatings, remaining silent when insulted, willingly enduring both joy and suffering, having no divided heart, striving to cultivate the way of a wife, not being picky about food and clothing, serving her husband as if serving the head of the household. This is a servant wife.'
。何等怨家婦？見夫不歡，恒懷瞋恚，晝夜求愿，欲得遠離，雖為夫婦，心常如寄，亂頭勤臥，無有畏避，不作生活，養育兒子，身行淫蕩，不知羞恥，陷入罪法，毀辱親里，夫婿相憎，咒欲令死，是名怨家婦。何等奪命婦？晝夜不眠，毒心伺之，作何方便，得遠離之，欲與毒藥，恐人覺之，心外情通，僱人害之，復遣傍夫，伺而賊之，夫死更嫁，適我願之，是名奪命婦。」
佛語玉耶：「其有善婦者當有顯名，宗親九族並蒙其榮，天龍鬼神擁護其形，使不枉橫、財寶日生，萬分之後愿愿不違上生天上，宮殿浴池在所自然天人樂之，天上壽盡還生世間，常為富貴侯王子孫，端正姝好人所奉尊。其惡婦者當得惡名，今現在身不得安寧，數為鬼神在於家庭，起病發禍求及神明，會當歸死不得長生，惡夢恐怖所愿不成，多逢災橫水火日驚，萬分之後魂神受形，死入地獄餓鬼畜生，其身矬短咽如針釘，身臥鐵床數千萬劫，受罪畢訖還生惡家，貧窮裸露無絲無麻，孜孜急急共相鞭撾，從生至死無有榮華，作善得善作惡自遮，善惡如此非是虛也。」
佛語玉耶：「此是七輩婦，汝用何行？」
玉耶流淚前白佛言：「我本愚癡不順夫尊，自今已后當如婢婦，盡我命壽不敢憍慢。」即前長跪求受十戒三自歸命，歸佛歸法歸比丘僧。一不殺生，二不偷盜，三不淫佚，四不妄語，五不飲酒，六不惡口，七不綺語，八不嫉妒，九不瞋恚，十者信善得善，是名十戒，此優婆夷所行。
佛說經竟，及諸弟子皆各欲還，給孤獨長者眷屬歡喜禮佛而退
現代漢語譯本：什麼樣的妻子是怨家婦呢？就是看見丈夫不高興，總是懷著嗔恨，日夜祈求，想要遠離他。雖然是夫妻，心裡卻常常像寄居一樣。披頭散髮，懶惰地躺著，毫無顧忌。不做家務，不養育孩子。行為放蕩，不知羞恥，觸犯法律，敗壞親族的名聲。丈夫憎恨她，詛咒她希望她死。這就是怨家婦。什麼樣的妻子是奪命婦呢？就是日夜不睡覺，心懷歹毒地伺機，想方設法要離開丈夫。想要給他毒藥，又怕被人發覺。與外人私通，僱人殺害丈夫。又派其他男人，伺機偷襲他。丈夫死了就改嫁，這樣就滿足了我的心願。這就是奪命婦。 佛對玉耶說：『那些善良的妻子會有顯赫的名聲，宗族親戚都會因此蒙受榮耀。天龍鬼神會擁護她們的形體，使她們不遭受橫禍，財富日益增長。死後，她們的願望都不會違背，會升到天上，宮殿浴池自然而有，天人都會快樂。天上的壽命盡了，還會轉生到世間，常常成為富貴侯王的子孫，容貌端正美好，受人尊敬。那些惡毒的妻子會得到惡名，現在活著就不得安寧，常常有鬼神在家裡作祟，引起疾病災禍，求神拜佛。最終會死去，不能長生。惡夢連連，恐懼不安，所希望的都不能實現。常常遭遇災禍，水火之災每天都讓人驚恐。死後，靈魂會受刑，死後會墮入地獄、餓鬼、畜生道。身體矮小，咽喉像針一樣細。身體躺在鐵床上，要受千萬劫的罪。受罪完畢后，還會轉生到惡劣的家庭，貧窮下賤，沒有衣服穿。整天忙碌，互相鞭打。從生到死都沒有榮耀。行善會得到善報，作惡會自食其果。善惡報應是真實不虛的。』 佛對玉耶說：『這就是七種妻子，你屬於哪一種呢？』 玉耶流著眼淚，走到佛前說：『我以前愚癡，不順從丈夫，從今以後，我應當像婢女一樣侍奉丈夫，盡我一生都不敢驕慢。』隨即跪在佛前，請求受持十戒，皈依三寶，皈依佛，皈依法，皈依僧。一不殺生，二不偷盜，三不邪淫，四不妄語，五不飲酒，六不惡口，七不綺語，八不嫉妒，九不嗔恚，十是信善得善，這就是十戒，是優婆夷所應奉行的。 佛說完經后，和弟子們都各自準備回去，給孤獨長者的眷屬歡喜地向佛行禮後退下。
English version: What kind of wife is an enemy wife? It's one who, upon seeing her husband unhappy, constantly harbors resentment, prays day and night to be separated from him. Though they are husband and wife, her heart is always like that of a lodger. She is disheveled, lazy in bed, and without any sense of shame. She does not do housework, nor does she raise children. Her behavior is dissolute, she is shameless, violates the law, and ruins the reputation of her family. Her husband hates her and curses her, wishing for her death. This is called an enemy wife. What kind of wife is a life-taking wife? It's one who does not sleep day or night, plotting with a poisonous heart, seeking ways to leave her husband. She wants to give him poison, but fears being discovered. She has illicit affairs with outsiders and hires someone to kill her husband. She also sends other men to ambush him. Once her husband is dead, she remarries, thus fulfilling her wish. This is called a life-taking wife. The Buddha said to Yuye: 'Those virtuous wives will have a distinguished reputation, and their relatives will receive honor because of them. Gods, dragons, and spirits will protect their forms, preventing them from suffering misfortune, and their wealth will increase daily. After death, their wishes will not be thwarted, and they will ascend to heaven, where palaces and bathing pools will naturally appear, and heavenly beings will rejoice. When their lifespan in heaven ends, they will be reborn into the world, often as descendants of wealthy and noble kings, with beautiful and dignified appearances, and will be respected by others. Those wicked wives will receive a bad reputation, and while they are alive, they will not have peace. Ghosts and spirits will often cause trouble in their homes, bringing about illness and misfortune, and they will seek help from gods and spirits. Eventually, they will die and not live long. They will have nightmares, be filled with fear, and their wishes will not be fulfilled. They will often encounter disasters, and the fear of fire and water will be a daily occurrence. After death, their souls will be punished, and they will fall into hell, the realm of hungry ghosts, and the animal realm. Their bodies will be short, and their throats will be as thin as needles. Their bodies will lie on iron beds, and they will suffer for countless eons. After their punishment is complete, they will be reborn into a wretched family, poor and lowly, without clothes to wear. They will be busy all day, whipping each other. From birth to death, they will have no glory. Doing good will bring good results, and doing evil will bring its own consequences. The law of cause and effect is true and not false.' The Buddha said to Yuye: 'These are the seven types of wives. Which type do you belong to?' Yuye, with tears in her eyes, went before the Buddha and said: 'I was foolish before and did not obey my husband. From now on, I shall serve my husband like a maidservant, and I will not dare to be arrogant for the rest of my life.' Then she knelt before the Buddha, requesting to receive the ten precepts and take refuge in the Three Jewels, taking refuge in the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha. The first is not to kill, the second is not to steal, the third is not to engage in sexual misconduct, the fourth is not to lie, the fifth is not to drink alcohol, the sixth is not to speak harshly, the seventh is not to engage in frivolous talk, the eighth is not to be jealous, the ninth is not to be angry, and the tenth is to believe that good deeds bring good results. These are the ten precepts, which are to be followed by a female lay disciple. After the Buddha finished speaking the sutra, he and his disciples all prepared to return. The family of the elder Anathapindika joyfully bowed to the Buddha and then withdrew.
。玉耶長跪重白佛言：「我本愚癡憍慢夫婿，今蒙世尊化導，我等令心開解。」
佛語玉耶：「自今已后擁護汝家。」
玉耶言：「諾！受佛言教不敢有違。」稽首禮足受退還歸
現代漢語譯本：玉耶再次長跪，對佛說：『我本是愚癡又傲慢的丈夫，如今蒙受世尊的教化引導，我們內心都已開悟。』 佛對玉耶說：『從今以後，我會護佑你們家。』 玉耶說：『是！謹遵佛的教誨，不敢違背。』她叩頭行禮，退下回家。
English version: Yuya knelt again and said to the Buddha, 'My husband was originally foolish and arrogant, but now, having received the guidance and teachings of the World Honored One, our hearts have been enlightened.' The Buddha said to Yuya, 'From now on, I will protect your family.' Yuya said, 'Yes! I will respectfully follow the Buddha's teachings and dare not disobey.' She bowed her head in reverence, then withdrew and returned home.
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玉女耶經
Jade Maiden Sutra