T02n0149_佛說阿難同學經

大正藏第 02 冊 No. 0149 佛說阿難同學經

No. 149

佛說阿難同學經(出增一阿含經)

後漢安息國三藏安世高譯

聞如是：

一時，婆伽婆在舍衛城祇樹給孤獨園。爾時，舍衛城有比丘名掘多，是尊者阿難少小同學，甚愛敬念親昵，未曾恚怒，然不樂修梵行，欲得舍戒還為白衣。是時阿難，至世尊所，到已頭面禮足，在一面立。時阿難白世尊言：「於此舍衛城，有比丘名曰掘多，是我少小同學，不堪任修梵行，欲舍戒還為白衣。愿世尊，與掘多比丘說法，使於此現法中清凈修梵行。」

時世尊告阿難：「阿難！汝自往詣彼掘多比丘所。」對曰：「如是。世尊！」阿難從佛受教，便至掘多比丘所：「世尊呼。」對曰：「如是。」時，掘多比丘從阿難教，至世尊所，到已頭面禮足，在一面坐。

時，世尊告掘多比丘言：「云何比丘，汝審不樂修梵行，欲舍禁戒還為白衣耶？」

比丘報言：「審然世尊！所以然者？身熾盛意亦熾盛，不堪任清凈修梵行。」

世尊告曰：「比丘！女人有五穢行。云何為五？比丘！女人臭穢，言語粗獷，無反覆心，猶如蚖蛇，常懷毒垢，此女人，增益魔眾，難得解脫，亦如鉤鎖。女人不可親近，猶如雜毒不可食。女人不可消，亦如金剛壞敗人身。比丘！亦如火炎，猶彼阿鼻泥黎。比丘！女人不可觀察，猶彼臭糞。比丘！女人不可聽聞，猶如死向。比丘！女人如牢獄，猶如鞞摩質多牢獄(阿須系輪)。比丘！女人是怨家，亦如蚖蛇，比丘！當遠離，猶惡知識

現代漢語譯本 如是我聞： 一時，佛陀在舍衛城的祇樹給孤獨園。當時，舍衛城有一位名叫掘多的比丘，他是尊者阿難從小一起長大的同學，彼此非常愛敬親近，從未有過嗔怒，但他不喜歡修行梵行，想要捨棄戒律還俗做在家居士。當時，阿難來到世尊處，到達后頂禮佛足，在一旁站立。阿難對世尊說：『在這舍衛城，有一位名叫掘多的比丘，是我從小一起長大的同學，他不能夠修行梵行，想要捨棄戒律還俗做在家居士。希望世尊能為掘多比丘說法，使他能在現世中清凈地修行梵行。』 當時，世尊告訴阿難：『阿難，你親自去掘多比丘那裡。』阿難回答說：『是的，世尊！』阿難接受佛的教誨，就去掘多比丘那裡說：『世尊叫你。』掘多回答說：『是的。』當時，掘多比丘聽從阿難的教導，來到世尊處，到達后頂禮佛足，在一旁坐下。 當時，世尊告訴掘多比丘說：『比丘，你真的不喜歡修行梵行，想要捨棄戒律還俗做在家居士嗎？』 比丘回答說：『確實如此，世尊！之所以這樣，是因為我身心都慾火熾盛，不能夠清凈地修行梵行。』 世尊告訴他說：『比丘，女人有五種污穢的行為。哪五種呢？比丘，女人是臭穢的，言語粗俗，沒有反覆無常的心，就像毒蛇一樣，常常懷有毒垢。這樣的女人，會增長魔眾，難以解脫，也像鉤鎖一樣。女人不可親近，就像雜毒不可食用。女人不可消化，也像金剛一樣會破壞人的身體。比丘，女人就像火焰，如同阿鼻地獄。比丘，女人不可觀察，就像臭糞一樣。比丘，女人不可聽聞，就像死亡的徵兆。比丘，女人就像牢獄，如同毗摩質多牢獄（阿修羅的牢獄）。比丘，女人是怨家，也像毒蛇一樣。比丘，應當遠離，就像遠離惡知識一樣。』

English version Thus have I heard: At one time, the Buddha was in the Jeta Grove, Anathapindika's Park, in Shravasti. At that time, in Shravasti, there was a bhikkhu named Khuddaka, who was a childhood friend of the Venerable Ananda. They loved and respected each other deeply, and had never been angry with each other. However, he did not enjoy practicing the holy life and wanted to give up his precepts and return to lay life. At that time, Ananda went to the World Honored One, bowed his head to his feet, and stood to one side. Ananda said to the World Honored One, 'In this Shravasti, there is a bhikkhu named Khuddaka, who is my childhood friend. He is unable to practice the holy life and wants to give up his precepts and return to lay life. I wish that the World Honored One would preach the Dharma to Bhikkhu Khuddaka, so that he may purify his practice of the holy life in this present life.' At that time, the World Honored One said to Ananda, 'Ananda, you yourself go to that Bhikkhu Khuddaka.' Ananda replied, 'Yes, World Honored One!' Ananda received the Buddha's teaching and went to Bhikkhu Khuddaka, saying, 'The World Honored One calls for you.' Khuddaka replied, 'Yes.' Then, Bhikkhu Khuddaka followed Ananda's instruction and went to the World Honored One. Upon arriving, he bowed his head to his feet and sat to one side. Then, the World Honored One said to Bhikkhu Khuddaka, 'Bhikkhu, is it true that you do not enjoy practicing the holy life and want to give up your precepts and return to lay life?' The bhikkhu replied, 'It is true, World Honored One! The reason is that my body and mind are ablaze with desire, and I am unable to practice the holy life purely.' The World Honored One said, 'Bhikkhu, women have five defiled behaviors. What are the five? Bhikkhu, women are foul-smelling, their speech is coarse, they are fickle, like snakes, they always harbor poison. Such women increase the ranks of Mara, are difficult to liberate, and are like hooks and chains. Women should not be approached, like mixed poison that cannot be eaten. Women cannot be digested, like diamonds that destroy the human body. Bhikkhu, women are like flames, like the Avici hell. Bhikkhu, women should not be observed, like foul excrement. Bhikkhu, women should not be listened to, like the approach of death. Bhikkhu, women are like prisons, like the Vepacitti prison (the Asura's prison). Bhikkhu, women are enemies, like snakes. Bhikkhu, one should stay away from them, like staying away from evil friends.'

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。比丘！女人為恐怖，猶賊村落。比丘！人身難得，猶優曇缽花。比丘！人身甚難得，猶彼板一孔推著水中，數萬歲乃值其孔。比丘！時亦難遇，除其八時。汝比丘！已得人身，皆是本行所造。比丘！佛世尊出世甚難遇，猶如石女無子。比丘！如來出世甚難遇，亦如優曇缽花。比丘！已得人身，已得受具足戒，亦得入眾，猶彼蒙尊國王，亦為人說法，休息止觀至涅槃界，至彼處，如來善說此法。汝比丘！凈修梵行，當盡苦原。」

時，彼比丘從佛受是教誡，即從坐上，無有塵垢，得法眼凈。時，彼比丘即從坐起，頭面禮世尊足，便退而去。爾時，彼比丘聞世尊說是教誡，在一閑靜處，而自娛樂已。在閑靜處，而自娛樂，所以族姓子，剃除鬚髮，著袈裟衣，于如來所，修無上梵行，盡生死原，梵行已立，所作已辦，更不復受母胎。是時彼比丘，即成阿羅漢。

時，尊者掘多至世尊所，到已頭面禮足，在一面坐。時，尊者掘多白世尊言：「世尊所教誡，今已還覺，愿世尊聽般涅槃。」時世尊默然不對。尊者掘多比丘，再三白世尊言：「世尊所教，今已還覺，愿世尊聽般涅槃。」時，世尊告曰：「比丘！今正是時。」彼比丘，即從坐起，頭面禮足，繞世尊三匝，便退而去，還詣己房

現代漢語譯本：比丘們！女人是可怕的，就像強盜出沒的村莊。比丘們！人身難得，就像優曇缽花一樣稀有。比丘們！得到人身非常困難，就像一塊木板上有一個孔，在水中漂流，要經過數萬年才能恰好穿過那個孔。比丘們！時機也很難遇到，除了那八種不適宜修行的時機。你們這些比丘！能夠得到人身，都是過去行為所造成的。比丘們！佛陀世尊的出現非常難得，就像石女無法生育一樣。比丘們！如來的出現非常難得，也像優曇缽花一樣稀有。比丘們！已經得到人身，已經受了具足戒，也得以進入僧團，就像蒙受尊貴的國王一樣，也為人說法，通過休息止觀達到涅槃的境界，到達那個地方，如來善於宣說此法。你們這些比丘！要清凈地修行梵行，應當斷絕痛苦的根源。 當時，那位比丘從佛陀那裡接受了這些教誨，立刻從座位上站起來，沒有了塵垢，獲得了法眼清凈。當時，那位比丘立刻從座位上站起來，頭面頂禮世尊的腳，然後退了下去。那時，那位比丘聽了世尊的教誨，在一個安靜的地方，自己感到快樂。在安靜的地方，自己感到快樂，所以這位善男子，剃除了鬚髮，穿上袈裟，在如來那裡，修行無上的梵行，斷絕了生死的根源，梵行已經建立，該做的已經完成，不再受母胎。這時，那位比丘，就成了阿羅漢。 當時，尊者掘多來到世尊那裡，到達後頭面頂禮佛足，在一旁坐下。當時，尊者掘多對世尊說：『世尊所教誨的，現在已經領悟，希望世尊允許我入涅槃。』當時世尊沉默不語。尊者掘多比丘，再次對世尊說：『世尊所教誨的，現在已經領悟，希望世尊允許我入涅槃。』當時，世尊說：『比丘！現在正是時候。』那位比丘，立刻從座位上站起來，頭面頂禮佛足，繞世尊三圈，然後退了下去，回到自己的房間。

English version: Bhikkhus! Women are terrifying, like a village of thieves. Bhikkhus! Obtaining a human body is difficult, like the udumbara flower. Bhikkhus! Obtaining a human body is very difficult, like a plank with a hole floating in the water, which takes tens of thousands of years to align with the hole. Bhikkhus! The right time is also difficult to encounter, except for those eight unsuitable times. You bhikkhus! Having obtained a human body is all due to past actions. Bhikkhus! The appearance of the Buddha, the Blessed One, is very rare, like a barren woman having no child. Bhikkhus! The appearance of the Tathagata is very rare, also like the udumbara flower. Bhikkhus! Having obtained a human body, having received full ordination, and having entered the Sangha, is like being favored by a noble king, and also hearing the Dharma, resting in tranquility and insight to reach the realm of Nirvana, to reach that place, where the Tathagata skillfully teaches this Dharma. You bhikkhus! Purify your practice of the holy life, and you should end the source of suffering. Then, that bhikkhu, having received these teachings from the Buddha, immediately arose from his seat, without any defilement, and attained the purity of the Dharma eye. Then, that bhikkhu immediately arose from his seat, bowed his head to the feet of the Blessed One, and then withdrew. At that time, that bhikkhu, having heard the teachings of the Blessed One, in a quiet place, felt joy within himself. In a quiet place, feeling joy within himself, therefore, that good man, having shaved his hair and beard, and donned the robes, at the place of the Tathagata, practiced the supreme holy life, ended the source of birth and death, the holy life was established, what needed to be done was done, and he would no longer be reborn from a mother's womb. At that time, that bhikkhu became an Arhat. Then, Venerable Khuddaka went to the Blessed One, and having arrived, bowed his head to the feet of the Buddha, and sat down to one side. Then, Venerable Khuddaka said to the Blessed One: 'What the Blessed One has taught, I have now understood, I wish the Blessed One would allow me to enter Nirvana.' At that time, the Blessed One remained silent. Venerable Khuddaka bhikkhu, said to the Blessed One again: 'What the Blessed One has taught, I have now understood, I wish the Blessed One would allow me to enter Nirvana.' At that time, the Blessed One said: 'Bhikkhu! Now is the right time.' That bhikkhu, immediately arose from his seat, bowed his head to the feet of the Buddha, circumambulated the Blessed One three times, and then withdrew, returning to his own room.

。到已除去坐具，于露地布坐具，便升虛空，現若干變化，或化一身為若干身，或化若干身為一身；或為石鐵，或為金剛，或為墻壁城郭，或為高山石壁，皆過無礙，出沒于地，譬如流水而無掛礙；結加趺坐，滿虛空中，譬如大火炎，亦如飛鳥，猶如此日月，有大威神，有大力勢，以手摩抆，化身至梵天，于虛空中；坐臥經行，或現煙炎，身下出煙，身上出火，身上出煙，身下出火，左出煙右出火，右出煙左出火，前出煙后出炎，后出煙前出炎，舉身出煙，舉身出炎，舉身出火。時，彼比丘還斂神足，身就獨坐，結加趺坐，直身正意，繫念在前，便入初禪，從初禪起，入第二禪，從二禪起，入第三禪，從三禪起，入第四禪；從第四禪起，入空處，從空處起，入識處，從識處起，入不用處，從不用處起，入有想無想，從有想無想起，入想知滅三昧；從想知滅三昧起，入有想、無想、不用處、識處空處、四禪、三禪、二禪、初禪；復從初禪起，入第二禪、第三禪，時尊者掘多，從第四禪起，便捨身壽，于無餘涅槃界，便般涅槃。

時，阿難供養尊者掘多舍利，至世尊所，到已頭面禮足，在一面立。時阿難白世尊言：「彼掘多比丘者，從如來受教誡，在閑靜處而自娛樂，所以族姓子，剃除鬚髮，著三法衣，已信堅固，出家學道，修無上梵行，盡生死原，梵行已立，所作已辦，更不受母胎。世尊！彼尊者掘多，已般涅槃

現代漢語譯本：他離開座位，在空地上鋪好坐具，然後升入空中，展現出各種變化。有時他將一個身體化為多個身體，有時將多個身體化為一個身體；有時他變成石頭或鐵，有時變成金剛，有時變成墻壁或城郭，有時變成高山或石壁，都能毫無阻礙地穿過。他能在地上出沒，就像流水一樣沒有阻礙；他結跏趺坐，充滿整個虛空，就像熊熊燃燒的火焰，也像飛鳥一樣，又像日月一樣，具有強大的威力和力量。他用手摩挲，化身到達梵天，在虛空中；他可以坐著、躺著、行走，有時顯現出煙霧和火焰，身體下方冒出煙霧，身體上方冒出火焰，身體上方冒出煙霧，身體下方冒出火焰，左邊冒出煙霧右邊冒出火焰，右邊冒出煙霧左邊冒出火焰，前面冒出煙霧後面冒出火焰，後面冒出煙霧前面冒出火焰，全身冒出煙霧，全身冒出火焰，全身冒出火光。這時，那位比丘收回神通，獨自坐下，結跏趺坐，身體端正，意念集中，進入初禪。從初禪起身，進入二禪；從二禪起身，進入三禪；從三禪起身，進入四禪；從四禪起身，進入空無邊處；從空無邊處起身，進入識無邊處；從識無邊處起身，進入無所有處；從無所有處起身，進入非想非非想處；從非想非非想處起身，進入想受滅盡定。從想受滅盡定起身，進入非想非非想處、無所有處、識無邊處、空無邊處、四禪、三禪、二禪、初禪；又從初禪起身，進入二禪、三禪。這時，尊者掘多從四禪起身，便捨棄了生命，在無餘涅槃界進入了般涅槃。 現代漢語譯本：當時，阿難供養尊者掘多的舍利，來到世尊那裡，到達后，頭面頂禮世尊的足，站在一旁。阿難對世尊說：『那位掘多比丘，從如來那裡接受教誨，在清靜的地方自得其樂。他因為是族姓子弟，剃除了鬚髮，穿上三法衣，已經堅定了信仰，出家學道，修習無上的梵行，斷絕了生死的根源，梵行已經建立，該做的已經完成，不再受母胎。世尊！那位尊者掘多，已經般涅槃了。』

English version: He left his seat, spread out a mat on the open ground, and then ascended into the sky, displaying various transformations. Sometimes he would transform one body into many bodies, and sometimes he would transform many bodies into one body; sometimes he would become stone or iron, sometimes he would become diamond, sometimes he would become walls or fortresses, sometimes he would become high mountains or cliffs, all of which he could pass through without any hindrance. He could appear and disappear on the ground, like flowing water without obstruction; he would sit in full lotus posture, filling the entire void, like a blazing fire, also like a flying bird, and like the sun and moon, possessing great power and strength. He would rub his hands, transform his body to reach the Brahma heaven, in the void; he could sit, lie down, walk, sometimes manifesting smoke and flames, smoke coming from below his body, flames coming from above his body, smoke coming from above his body, flames coming from below his body, smoke coming from the left and flames from the right, smoke coming from the right and flames from the left, smoke coming from the front and flames from the back, smoke coming from the back and flames from the front, smoke coming from his whole body, flames coming from his whole body, fire coming from his whole body. At this time, that bhikkhu withdrew his supernatural powers, sat alone, sat in full lotus posture, with his body upright, his mind focused, and entered the first dhyana. Rising from the first dhyana, he entered the second dhyana; rising from the second dhyana, he entered the third dhyana; rising from the third dhyana, he entered the fourth dhyana; rising from the fourth dhyana, he entered the sphere of infinite space; rising from the sphere of infinite space, he entered the sphere of infinite consciousness; rising from the sphere of infinite consciousness, he entered the sphere of nothingness; rising from the sphere of nothingness, he entered the sphere of neither perception nor non-perception; rising from the sphere of neither perception nor non-perception, he entered the cessation of perception and feeling. Rising from the cessation of perception and feeling, he entered the sphere of neither perception nor non-perception, the sphere of nothingness, the sphere of infinite consciousness, the sphere of infinite space, the fourth dhyana, the third dhyana, the second dhyana, the first dhyana; and again, rising from the first dhyana, he entered the second dhyana, the third dhyana. At this time, Venerable Khuddaka, rising from the fourth dhyana, then relinquished his life, and entered parinirvana in the realm of nirvana without remainder. English version: At that time, Ananda offered the relics of Venerable Khuddaka, and came to the World Honored One. Having arrived, he bowed his head to the feet of the World Honored One, and stood to one side. Ananda said to the World Honored One: 'That bhikkhu Khuddaka, having received teachings from the Tathagata, enjoyed himself in quiet places. Because he was a son of a good family, he shaved his hair and beard, put on the three robes, and having firmly established his faith, left home to study the Way, cultivating the unsurpassed pure conduct, cutting off the root of birth and death, his pure conduct has been established, what needed to be done has been done, and he will no longer be reborn from a mother's womb. World Honored One! That Venerable Khuddaka has already entered parinirvana.'

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世尊告曰：「甚奇甚特！阿難！佛世尊成就無量智慧，能使掘多比丘濟生死淵，此，阿難！如來所行已足，況度無數百千眾生，濟生死淵，及余當拔濟者。是故，阿難！當發茲意于佛、於法、于眾。如是，阿難！當作是學。」

是時，尊者阿難聞佛所說，歡喜奉行

世尊說道：『真是太奇特了！阿難！佛世尊成就了無量的智慧，能夠使掘多比丘脫離生死的深淵。阿難，如來所做的事情已經足夠了，更何況還要度化無數百千的眾生，使他們脫離生死的深淵，以及將來要救拔的眾生。因此，阿難！應當對佛、對法、對僧眾生起這樣的信念。阿難，應當這樣學習。』 當時，尊者阿難聽聞佛陀所說，歡喜地接受並實行。

The World-Honored One said, 'How very marvelous and extraordinary! Ananda! The Buddha, the World-Honored One, has attained immeasurable wisdom, capable of enabling the Bhikkhu Digdha to cross the abyss of birth and death. Ananda, what the Tathagata has done is already sufficient, let alone the countless hundreds and thousands of beings to be delivered from the abyss of birth and death, and those who will be rescued in the future. Therefore, Ananda! You should generate this intention towards the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha. Thus, Ananda! You should learn in this way.' At that time, the Venerable Ananda, having heard what the Buddha had said, joyfully accepted and practiced it.

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佛說阿難同學經

The Buddha Speaks the Sutra of Ananda's Fellow Students