T02n0150B_九橫經

大正藏第 02 冊 No. 0150B 九橫經

No. 150B

佛說九橫經

後漢安息國三藏安世高譯

佛在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園。佛便告比丘：「有九輩九因緣，命未盡便橫死。一者為不應飯為飯，二者為不量飯，三者為不習飯飯，四者為不出生，五者為止熟，六者為不持戒，七者為近惡知識，八者為入里不時不如法行，九者為可避不避。如是為九因緣，人命為橫盡。

「一、不應飯者，名為不可意飯，亦為以飽腹不停調。

「二、不量飯者，名為不知節度多飯過足。

「三、不習飯者，名為不知時冬夏，為至他國郡，不知俗宜，不能消飯，食未習故。

「四、不出生者，名為飯物未消，覆上飯，不服藥吐下，不時消。

「五、為止熟者，名為大便小便來時，不即時行，噫吐啑下風來時制。

「六、不持戒者，名為犯五戒，殺、盜、犯他人婦、兩舌、飲酒，亦有餘戒，以犯便入縣官，或弦死，或捶杖利刃所斫刺，或辜飢渴而終；或以得脫，從怨家得手死，或驚怖念罪憂死。

「七、為近惡知識者，名為惡知識，已作惡便反坐。何以故？坐不離惡知識故，不覺善惡，不計惡知識惡，態不思惡知識惡。

「八、為入里不時者，名為冥行，亦里有諍時行，亦里有縣官長吏追捕不避，不如法行者，入里妄入他家舍中，妄見不可見，妄聽不可聽，妄犯不可犯，妄說不可說，妄憂不可憂，妄索不可索

現代漢語譯本：佛陀在舍衛國的祇樹給孤獨園時，告訴比丘們：『有九種因緣，導致眾生壽命未盡就橫死。第一種是吃了不該吃的食物；第二種是吃飯沒有節制；第三種是吃了不習慣的食物；第四種是食物沒有消化就又吃；第五種是憋大小便；第六種是不持戒律；第七種是親近惡知識；第八種是不按時或不如法地進入村落；第九種是應該避免卻不避免。這九種因緣，會導致人橫死。』『第一，不該吃的食物，指的是不適合自己身體的食物，或者吃得太飽導致消化不良。』『第二，吃飯沒有節制，指的是不知道適量，吃得過多。』『第三，吃不習慣的食物，指的是不知道不同季節或不同地方的飲食習慣，到了外地，吃了不習慣的食物，無法消化。』『第四，食物沒有消化就又吃，指的是食物還沒消化完就又吃，不吃藥幫助消化，導致食物積滯。』『第五，憋大小便，指的是大小便來時，不及時排泄，或者打嗝、放屁時強行憋住。』『第六，不持戒律，指的是犯了五戒：殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、飲酒。或者犯了其他戒律，因此被官府抓捕，或被絞死，或被棍棒刀劍砍殺，或因飢渴而死；或者僥倖逃脫，卻被仇家殺死，或者因驚恐、悔恨而死。』『第七，親近惡知識，指的是親近惡友，做了壞事反而被牽連。為什麼呢？因為不遠離惡知識，不覺察善惡，不認為惡知識是壞的，也不思考惡知識的惡行。』『第八，不按時進入村落，指的是在黑暗中行走，或者在村裡發生爭鬥時行走，或者在官府追捕時沒有躲避。不如法地進入村落，指的是隨意進入別人家中，隨意看、聽、做、說、憂慮、索取不該做的事情。』

English version: The Buddha, while at Jeta Grove in Sravasti, told the monks: 『There are nine causes and conditions that lead to a premature and unnatural death. The first is eating food that one should not eat; the second is eating without moderation; the third is eating unfamiliar food; the fourth is eating again before the previous meal is digested; the fifth is holding back urination and defecation; the sixth is not upholding the precepts; the seventh is associating with evil companions; the eighth is entering villages at inappropriate times or in an improper manner; and the ninth is failing to avoid what should be avoided. These nine causes and conditions lead to a premature death.』『First, eating food that one should not eat refers to food that is not suitable for one's body, or eating too much, leading to indigestion.』『Second, eating without moderation refers to not knowing how to eat in moderation, eating too much.』『Third, eating unfamiliar food refers to not knowing the dietary habits of different seasons or places. When one goes to a foreign land, eating unfamiliar food can lead to indigestion.』『Fourth, eating again before the previous meal is digested refers to eating again before the previous meal has been digested, not taking medicine to aid digestion, leading to food stagnation.』『Fifth, holding back urination and defecation refers to not relieving oneself when the urge arises, or suppressing burping or flatulence.』『Sixth, not upholding the precepts refers to violating the five precepts: killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, and drinking alcohol. Or violating other precepts, which leads to being arrested by the authorities, being hanged, being beaten or stabbed, or dying of hunger and thirst; or escaping by chance, only to be killed by enemies, or dying of fear and remorse.』『Seventh, associating with evil companions refers to associating with bad friends, and being implicated in their wrongdoings. Why? Because one does not stay away from evil companions, does not discern good from evil, does not recognize the evil of evil companions, and does not reflect on their evil deeds.』『Eighth, entering villages at inappropriate times refers to walking in the dark, or walking when there is conflict in the village, or not avoiding the authorities when they are pursuing someone. Entering villages improperly refers to entering other people's homes at will, seeing, hearing, doing, saying, worrying about, or seeking things that one should not.』

。

「九、為可避不避者，名為當避弊象、弊馬、牛奔、車、蛇虺、坑井、水火、拔刀、醉人、惡人，亦余若干惡。如是為九因緣輩，人命未盡當坐是盡，慧人當識當避是因緣，以避乃得兩福，一者得長壽，二以長壽乃得聞道好語言亦能行。」

諸比丘歡喜受行

現代漢語譯本『九、對於那些可以避免卻不避免的事物，稱為應當避免的弊端，如弊馬、奔牛、車輛、蛇虺、坑井、水火、拔刀、醉漢、惡人，以及其他一些惡事。像這樣有九種因緣，如果人的壽命未盡，卻因為這些原因而喪命，有智慧的人應當認識到並避免這些因緣。避免這些因緣可以獲得兩種福報：一是能夠長壽，二是有了長壽才能聽聞佛法和善言，並且能夠修行。』眾比丘聽后，歡喜地接受並奉行。

English version 'Nine, those things that can be avoided but are not, are called the evils that should be avoided, such as bad horses, running oxen, vehicles, snakes, pits, wells, water, fire, drawn swords, drunkards, evil people, and other such evils. These are the nine causes and conditions. If a person's life is not yet exhausted, but they die because of these, a wise person should recognize and avoid these causes and conditions. By avoiding these, one obtains two blessings: first, one obtains longevity, and second, with longevity, one can hear the Dharma and good words and also practice it.' The monks, delighted, received and practiced these teachings.

The Buddha Speaks of the Sutra of the Nine Untimely Deaths