T04n0217_譬喻經

大正藏第 04 冊 No. 0217 譬喻經

No. 217

佛說譬喻經

大唐三藏法師義凈譯

如是我聞：

一時薄伽梵，在室羅伐城逝多林給孤獨園。爾時世尊于大眾中，告勝光王曰：「大王！我今為王略說譬喻，諸有生死味著過患，王今諦聽！善思念之。乃往過去，于無量劫，時有一人，游于曠野，為惡象所逐，怖走無依，見一空井，傍有樹根，即尋根下，潛身井中。有黑白二鼠，互嚙樹根；于井四邊有四毒蛇，欲螫其人；下有毒龍。心畏龍蛇恐樹根斷。樹根蜂蜜，五滴墮口，樹搖蜂散，下螫斯人，野火復來，燒然此樹。」

王曰：「是人云何，受無量苦，貪彼少味？」

爾時世尊告言：「大王！曠野者喻于無明長夜曠遠，言彼人者喻于異生，像喻無常，井喻生死，險岸樹根喻命，黑白二鼠以喻晝夜，嚙樹根者喻唸唸滅，其四毒蛇喻於四大，蜜喻五欲，蜂喻邪思，火喻老病，毒龍喻死

現代漢語譯本 如是我聞： 一時，薄伽梵在室羅伐城的逝多林給孤獨園。當時，世尊在大眾中，告訴勝光王說：『大王！我現在為大王簡略地說一個譬喻，關於那些執著于生死滋味所帶來的過患，大王您仔細聽！好好思考它。』 在過去無量劫的時候，有一個人，在曠野中行走，被一頭兇惡的象追趕，驚恐地奔跑，無處可依，看到一口空井，旁邊有樹根，就順著樹根下去，藏身在井中。有黑白兩隻老鼠，互相啃咬樹根；井的四邊有四條毒蛇，想要咬他；井下還有一條毒龍。他心中畏懼毒龍和毒蛇，又擔心樹根斷掉。這時，樹根上的蜂蜜，有五滴掉到他口中，樹搖動，蜜蜂散開，向下蜇他，野火又來了，燃燒這棵樹。 國王說：『這個人為什麼會這樣，承受無量的痛苦，卻貪戀那一點點的味道呢？』 這時，世尊告訴他說：『大王！曠野比喻無明的漫長黑夜，那個人比喻凡夫俗子，像比喻無常，井比喻生死，險岸的樹根比喻生命，黑白兩隻老鼠比喻白天和黑夜，啃咬樹根比喻唸唸生滅，那四條毒蛇比喻四大，蜂蜜比喻五欲，蜜蜂比喻邪思，火比喻衰老和疾病，毒龍比喻死亡。』

English version Thus have I heard: At one time, the Bhagavan was in the Jeta Grove of Anathapindika's Garden in Shravasti. At that time, the World Honored One, in the midst of the assembly, said to King Prasenajit: 'Great King! I will now briefly tell you a parable about the faults of those who are attached to the taste of birth and death. Great King, listen carefully! Think about it well.' In the past, during countless kalpas, there was a person who was walking in a wilderness. He was chased by a ferocious elephant, and in fear, he ran without any place to rely on. He saw an empty well with a tree root nearby, so he went down the root and hid himself in the well. There were two rats, one black and one white, gnawing at the tree root; on the four sides of the well, there were four poisonous snakes, wanting to bite him; and below, there was a poisonous dragon. He was afraid of the poisonous dragon and snakes, and also worried that the tree root would break. At this time, five drops of honey from the tree root fell into his mouth. The tree shook, the bees scattered, and stung him from below. Then, a wildfire came and burned the tree. The king said: 'Why would this person suffer immeasurable pain, yet be greedy for that little bit of taste?' At this time, the World Honored One said: 'Great King! The wilderness is a metaphor for the long night of ignorance, that person is a metaphor for ordinary beings, the elephant is a metaphor for impermanence, the well is a metaphor for birth and death, the dangerous tree root is a metaphor for life, the black and white rats are a metaphor for day and night, the gnawing of the tree root is a metaphor for the arising and ceasing of thoughts, the four poisonous snakes are a metaphor for the four great elements, the honey is a metaphor for the five desires, the bees are a metaphor for wrong thoughts, the fire is a metaphor for old age and sickness, and the poisonous dragon is a metaphor for death.'

。是故大王！當知生老病死，甚可怖畏，常應思念，勿被五欲之所吞迫。」

爾時世尊重說頌曰：

「曠野無明路，　　人走喻凡夫， 大象比無常，　　井喻生死岸； 樹根喻于命，　　二鼠晝夜同， 嚙根唸唸衰，　　四蛇同四大； 蜜滴喻五欲，　　蜂螫比邪思， 火同於老病，　　毒龍方死苦。 智者觀斯事，　　像可厭生津， 五欲心無著，　　方名解脫人。 鎮處無明海，　　常為死王驅， 寧知戀聲色，　　不樂離凡夫。」

爾時勝光大王聞佛為說生死過患，得未曾有，深生厭離，合掌恭敬，一心瞻仰，白佛言：「世尊！如來大慈，為說如是微妙法義，我今頂戴。」

佛言：「善哉善哉！大王！當如說行，勿為放逸。」

時勝光王及諸大眾，皆悉歡喜，信受奉行

現代漢語譯本：所以大王！應當知道生老病死，非常可怕可畏，應當常常思念，不要被五欲所吞噬逼迫。 當時世尊又說了偈語： 『曠野沒有明路，人行走就像凡夫，大象比喻無常，井比喻生死之岸；樹根比喻壽命，兩隻老鼠日夜不停，啃咬樹根唸唸衰減，四條蛇比喻四大；蜜滴比喻五欲，蜂螫比喻邪思，火比喻衰老疾病，毒龍比喻死亡痛苦。 智者觀察這些事，就像大象令人厭惡生津，對五欲心無執著，才稱得上是解脫之人。身處無明之海，常常被死王驅趕，怎麼會貪戀聲色，而不喜歡遠離凡夫呢？』 當時勝光大王聽聞佛陀講述生死過患，感到前所未有，內心深生厭離，合掌恭敬，一心瞻仰，對佛說：『世尊！如來大慈大悲，為我講述如此微妙的法義，我今天頂禮接受。』 佛說：『好啊好啊！大王！應當按照所說的去做，不要放縱懈怠。』 當時勝光王和所有大眾，都非常歡喜，信受奉行。

English version: Therefore, great king! You should know that birth, old age, sickness, and death are extremely terrifying and dreadful. You should constantly contemplate them and not be overwhelmed and compelled by the five desires. At that time, the World Honored One spoke in verse: 'The wilderness has no clear path, people walking are like ordinary beings, the elephant is a metaphor for impermanence, the well is a metaphor for the shore of birth and death; the tree root is a metaphor for life, two mice gnaw at it day and night, diminishing it moment by moment, four snakes are a metaphor for the four great elements; the drop of honey is a metaphor for the five desires, the bee sting is a metaphor for wrong thoughts, fire is a metaphor for old age and sickness, the poisonous dragon is a metaphor for the suffering of death. The wise person observes these things, just as an elephant causes revulsion and saliva, their heart is not attached to the five desires, and they are then called a liberated person. Being in the sea of ignorance, constantly driven by the king of death, how can one be attached to sounds and sights, and not enjoy leaving the ordinary person?' At that time, King Sheng Guang, upon hearing the Buddha speak of the faults of birth and death, felt unprecedented revulsion, clasped his hands in respect, gazed with one-pointed attention, and said to the Buddha: 'World Honored One! The Tathagata is greatly compassionate, speaking such profound Dharma for me, I accept it with the highest reverence today.' The Buddha said: 'Excellent, excellent! Great king! You should act according to what has been said, and not be lax and negligent.' At that time, King Sheng Guang and all the assembly were very joyful, and they believed and practiced accordingly.

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現代漢語譯本 。

English version .