T85n2832_南天竺國菩提達摩禪師觀門

大正藏第 85 冊 No. 2832 南天竺國菩提達摩禪師觀門

No. 2832

南天竺國菩提達摩禪師觀門

問曰。何名禪定　答曰。禪為亂心不起無動無念為禪定。端心止念。無生無滅。無去無來。堪然不動。名之為禪定　何名為禪觀　答曰。心神澄凈名之為禪。照理分明名之為觀。禪觀自達無有錯謬。故名禪觀。心神澄凈不生不滅不來不去湛然不動名之為禪　問曰。何名禪定　答曰。禪定者梵音。此名功德聚林。三界諸佛皆說禪坐。故名功德聚林　又問。何名禪法　答曰。禪法從通有次第。初學時從始終有七種觀門。第一住心門。第二空心門。第三無門。第四心解脫門。第五禪定門。第六真妙門。第七智慧門。住心門者。謂心散動攀緣不住。專攝念住更無去動。故名住心門。空心門者。謂看心轉追覺心空寂。無去無來無有住處。無所依心。故云空心門。心無相門。謂心澄凈無有相貌。非青非黃非赤非白。非長非短非大非少。非方非圓湛然不動。故名無相門。心解脫門者。知心無系無縛。一切煩惱不來上心。故名心解脫門。禪定者。西域梵音。唐言靜慮。覺心寂靜。行時住時坐時臥時皆悉寂靜無有散動。故名寂靜。真如門者。覺心無心等同虛空。遍周法界平等不二。無千無變。

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本南天竺國菩提達摩禪師觀門

問：什麼叫做禪定？答：禪，是指亂心不起，無動無念的狀態，這便是禪定。端正心念，止息妄念，達到無生無滅，無去無來，寂然不動的境界，就叫做禪定。什麼叫做禪觀？答：心神澄澈清凈，就叫做禪。照了明明白白，就叫做觀。禪觀如果能夠自我通達，就不會有任何錯謬，所以叫做禪觀。心神澄澈清凈，不生不滅，不來不去，湛然不動，就叫做禪。問：什麼叫做禪定？答：禪定是梵語，這裡的意思是功德聚林。三界諸佛都說禪坐，所以叫做功德聚林。又問：什麼叫做禪法？答：禪法從通達來說有次第。初學的時候，從始至終有七種觀門。第一是住心門，第二是空心門，第三是無相門，第四是心解脫門，第五是禪定門，第六是真如門，第七是智慧門。住心門，是指心散亂動搖，攀緣外物而不能安住。專門收攝念頭，使之不再向外馳散動搖，所以叫做住心門。空心門，是指觀照內心，轉而覺知內心空寂，無去無來，沒有住處，沒有依靠，所以叫做空心門。心無相門，是指心澄澈清凈，沒有相貌，不是青色，不是黃色，不是紅色，不是白色，不是長，不是短，不是大，不是小，不是方形，不是圓形，湛然不動，所以叫做無相門。心解脫門，是指知道心沒有繫縛，沒有束縛，一切煩惱不能侵擾內心，所以叫做心解脫門。禪定，是西域梵語，用唐朝的語言來說就是靜慮。覺知內心寂靜，行走時、站立時、坐著時、躺臥時，都寂靜無有散動，所以叫做寂靜。真如門，是指覺知內心無心，等同虛空，遍及整個法界，平等不二，沒有千變萬化。

【English Translation】 English version The Contemplation Gate of Bodhidharma (Bodai Daruma) Zen Master of Southern India

Question: What is called 'Zen Samadhi' (dhyāna-samādhi)? Answer: 'Zen' (dhyāna) means that the disturbed mind does not arise, there is no movement, and no thought. This is 'Zen Samadhi'. To straighten the mind and stop thoughts, reaching a state of no birth, no death, no going, no coming, remaining still and unmoving, is called 'Zen Samadhi'. What is called 'Zen Contemplation' (dhyāna-vipaśyanā)? Answer: The mind and spirit being clear and pure is called 'Zen'. Clearly understanding the truth is called 'Contemplation'. If Zen Contemplation can be self-attained, there will be no mistakes, therefore it is called 'Zen Contemplation'. The mind and spirit being clear and pure, not arising, not ceasing, not coming, not going, remaining still and unmoving, is called 'Zen'. Question: What is called 'Zen Samadhi' (dhyāna-samādhi)? Answer: 'Zen Samadhi' is a Sanskrit term; here, it means 'Forest of Accumulated Merits'. All Buddhas in the Three Realms speak of Zen meditation, therefore it is called 'Forest of Accumulated Merits'. Again, question: What is called 'Zen Dharma'? Answer: 'Zen Dharma', from the perspective of thorough understanding, has a sequence. When first learning, from beginning to end, there are seven types of contemplation gates. The first is the 'Dwelling-Mind Gate', the second is the 'Empty-Mind Gate', the third is the 'No-Appearance Gate', the fourth is the 'Mind-Liberation Gate', the fifth is the 'Zen Samadhi Gate', the sixth is the 'Suchness Gate', and the seventh is the 'Wisdom Gate'. The 'Dwelling-Mind Gate' refers to the mind being scattered and agitated, clinging to external objects and unable to dwell. Specially collecting thoughts, preventing them from scattering and moving outward, is therefore called the 'Dwelling-Mind Gate'. The 'Empty-Mind Gate' refers to observing the mind, turning to realize the emptiness and stillness of the mind, with no going, no coming, no dwelling place, and no reliance, therefore it is called the 'Empty-Mind Gate'. The 'No-Appearance Gate' refers to the mind being clear and pure, without appearance, not blue, not yellow, not red, not white, not long, not short, not large, not small, not square, not round, remaining still and unmoving, therefore it is called the 'No-Appearance Gate'. The 'Mind-Liberation Gate' refers to knowing that the mind has no ties, no bonds, and that all afflictions cannot disturb the mind, therefore it is called the 'Mind-Liberation Gate'. 'Zen Samadhi' is a Sanskrit term from the Western Regions; in the language of the Tang Dynasty, it is 'Quiet Contemplation'. Realizing the stillness of the mind, whether walking, standing, sitting, or lying down, all is still and without scattering, therefore it is called stillness. The 'Suchness Gate' refers to realizing that the mind is no-mind, equal to empty space, pervading the entire Dharma Realm, equal and non-dual, without thousands of changes.

故名真如門。智慧門者。識了一切名之為智。契達空源名之為慧。故名智慧門。亦名究竟道。亦名大乘無相禪觀門。則是修禪學道故。禪有七種觀門。大聲唸佛得十種功德。一者不聞惡聲。二者唸佛不散。三者排去睡眠。四者勇猛精進。五者諸天歡喜。六者魔軍怖畏。七者聲振十方。八者三途息苦。九者三昧現前。十者往生凈土。

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本：因此稱為真如門（Tathata Gate，指證悟真如實相的法門）。智慧門，是指認識瞭解一切事物名為智，契合通達空性之源名為慧，因此稱為智慧門。也稱為究竟道，也稱為大乘無相禪觀門，這是因為修習禪定，學習佛道的原因。禪有七種觀門。大聲唸佛可以獲得十種功德：一是不聽聞惡聲，二是念佛時心不散亂，三是排除睡眠，四是勇猛精進，五是諸天歡喜，六是魔軍怖畏，七是聲音震動十方，八是三惡道停止痛苦，九是三昧（Samadhi，指禪定）現前，十是往生凈土。

【English Translation】 English version: Therefore, it is named the 'Tathata Gate' (真如門, the gate of suchness, referring to the Dharma gate of realizing the true nature of reality). The 'Wisdom Gate': understanding and recognizing all things is called 'Wisdom' (智), and being in accord with and penetrating the source of emptiness is called 'Insight' (慧). Therefore, it is named the 'Wisdom Gate'. It is also named the 'Ultimate Path', and also named the 'Mahayana (大乘) Non-form Dhyana (禪) Contemplation Gate'. This is because of cultivating Dhyana and learning the Buddha's path. There are seven types of contemplation gates in Dhyana. Loudly reciting the Buddha's name brings ten kinds of merits: first, not hearing evil sounds; second, the mind is not scattered while reciting the Buddha's name; third, eliminating sleepiness; fourth, being courageous and diligent; fifth, the devas (諸天) rejoice; sixth, the armies of Mara (魔) are fearful; seventh, the sound resonates in the ten directions; eighth, the suffering of the three lower realms ceases; ninth, Samadhi (三昧, meditative absorption) manifests; tenth, rebirth in the Pure Land (凈土).