T12n0391_般泥洹后灌臘經
大正藏第 12 冊 No. 0391 般泥洹后灌臘經
No. 391
般泥洹后灌臘經
西晉月氏國三藏竺法護譯
聞如是：
一時，佛在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園，與摩訶比丘僧，諸天人民共，會坐說經。
阿難前長跪叉手白佛言：「天中之天！欲有所問，愿佛說之！若佛般泥洹后，四輩弟子，比丘、比丘尼、優婆塞、優婆夷，四月八日、七月十五日灌臘，當何所用？」
佛語阿難：「灌臘佛者，是福愿人之度者，各自減錢寶，割取珍愛，用求度世之福。當給寺然燈、燒香、用作經像；若供養師，施與貧窮，可設齋會。不可貰許，然後不出，此為現世負佛，自是心口所作，當得妄語之罪。所以者何？為佛投槃作禮，以五種香水，手自浴佛，師噠嚫咒愿。當此之時，天龍鬼神，皆明證知：此人出五家財物，侵妻子分用求福利，而反不出，當有五罪入三惡道。何等為五？一者財物日減，二者喜忘遺，三者治生所向無利，四者入太山地獄中被考治苦痛難言，五者後世來生，或作奴婢、牛馬、騾驢、駱駝，或作豬羊，是為五。更罪三惡：一者為入薜荔中作餓鬼，二者入禽獸作畜生，三者泥犁中當更十八地獄，罪不可數。
「七月十五日，自向七世父母，五種親屬
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 如是我聞： 一時，佛陀在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園，與眾多大比丘僧、諸天人民一同集會，宣說佛法。 阿難向前長跪，合掌向佛稟告說：『天中之天！我有一些疑問想要請教，希望佛陀能夠為我解答！如果佛陀涅槃之後，四眾弟子，即比丘（佛教出家男眾）、比丘尼（佛教出家女眾）、優婆塞（在家男居士）、優婆夷（在家女居士），在四月八日、七月十五日進行灌臘（佛教儀式，以香湯浴佛），應該如何做？』 佛陀告訴阿難：『灌臘佛，是爲了祈求福報，度化眾生，人們各自減少錢財寶物，割捨珍愛之物，用來尋求度脫世間的福報。應當用來供養寺廟，點燈、燒香、製作佛像；或者供養師父，佈施給貧窮的人，可以設定齋會。不可先承諾，然後又不兌現，這便是現世辜負了佛陀，這是自己心口所造的業，應當得到妄語的罪過。為什麼呢？因為爲了佛陀投身禮拜，用五種香水，親手沐浴佛像，師父接受供養並誦咒祈願。在這個時候，天龍鬼神都清楚地知道：這個人拿出五家（指父母、兄弟、妻子、兒女、奴僕）的財物，侵佔妻子兒女的份額用來求取福利，卻反而不兌現，應當有五種罪過，墮入三惡道。哪五種呢？一是財物日益減少，二是容易遺忘，三是經營生計沒有利益，四是墮入太山地獄中遭受拷打，痛苦難以言說，五是後世轉生，或者做奴婢、牛馬、騾驢、駱駝，或者做豬羊，這就是五種罪過。還有三種惡報：一是墮入薜荔（一種餓鬼）中做餓鬼，二是墮入禽獸中做畜生，三是墮入泥犁（地獄）中，還要經歷十八層地獄，罪過不可計數。 『七月十五日，應當為自己七世的父母，五種親屬（指父母、兄弟、妻子、兒女、奴僕）'
【English Translation】 English version Thus have I heard: At one time, the Buddha was in the Jeta Grove of Sravasti, in the Garden of Anathapindika, together with a great assembly of monks, gods, and people, gathered to expound the Dharma. Ananda, kneeling on his long knees, with his palms together, addressed the Buddha, saying: 'O Blessed One, the most honored among gods! I have some questions to ask, and I hope the Buddha will answer them! If after the Buddha's Parinirvana, the fourfold disciples, namely, Bhikshus (Buddhist monks), Bhikshunis (Buddhist nuns), Upasakas (male lay devotees), and Upasikas (female lay devotees), perform the ritual of 'Guan La' (bathing the Buddha with fragrant water) on the eighth day of the fourth month and the fifteenth day of the seventh month, what should they do?' The Buddha told Ananda: 'The ritual of 'Guan La' is for seeking blessings and liberating beings. People should reduce their wealth and treasures, and give up their cherished possessions to seek the blessings of liberation from the world. They should use these offerings to support temples, light lamps, burn incense, and create Buddha images; or to support teachers, give to the poor, and hold vegetarian feasts. They should not make promises and then fail to fulfill them. This would be betraying the Buddha in this very life. This is a karma created by their own minds and mouths, and they will incur the sin of lying. Why is this so? Because they prostrate themselves before the Buddha, bathe the Buddha image with five kinds of fragrant water, and the teacher accepts the offerings and recites blessings. At this time, the gods, dragons, and spirits all clearly know that this person has taken wealth from five families (referring to parents, siblings, spouse, children, and servants), encroached upon the share of their spouse and children to seek blessings, but then fails to fulfill their promise. They will incur five sins and fall into the three evil realms. What are the five? First, their wealth will decrease daily; second, they will be forgetful; third, their business endeavors will be unprofitable; fourth, they will fall into the Tai Shan Hell and suffer unbearable torture; fifth, in their future lives, they will be born as slaves, cattle, mules, donkeys, camels, or as pigs and sheep. These are the five sins. There are also three evil retributions: first, they will fall into the realm of the 'Pili' (a type of hungry ghost) as a hungry ghost; second, they will fall into the realm of beasts as animals; third, they will fall into the 'Nili' (hell) and experience the eighteen hells, and their sins will be countless.' 'On the fifteenth day of the seventh month, one should dedicate merits to their parents of seven past lives, and five kinds of relatives (referring to parents, siblings, spouse, children, and servants).'
，有墮惡道勤苦劇者，因佛作禮福，欲令解脫憂苦，名為灌臘。
「佛者，天上天下三界之王，不食世間人民也。其物皆眾僧分之，不應獨取，是為大罪；若無僧可分，施貧窮孤獨羸老，是種善根。」
諸弟子聞經歡喜，為佛作禮而去。
般泥洹后灌臘經
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 那些墮入惡道，遭受劇烈痛苦的眾生，因為向佛陀禮拜所獲得的福報，希望能夠讓他們解脫憂愁和痛苦，這被稱為灌臘（一種儀式）。 『佛陀是天上、天下、三界之王，不食用世俗人民的食物。那些供養佛陀的物品都應該由僧眾分享，不應該獨自佔有，這是很大的罪過；如果沒有僧眾可以分享，就應該佈施給貧窮、孤獨、衰弱和年老的人，這是種下善根。』 眾弟子聽聞佛陀的教誨后，都非常歡喜，向佛陀行禮后離去。 《般泥洹后灌臘經》（佛陀涅槃后關於灌臘儀式的經典）
【English Translation】 English version Those beings who have fallen into evil paths and are suffering intensely, through the merit of bowing to the Buddha, wish to be liberated from sorrow and suffering, this is called Guan La (a ritual). 'The Buddha is the king of heaven, earth, and the three realms, and does not consume the food of worldly people. The offerings made to the Buddha should be shared among the Sangha, and should not be taken alone, as this is a great sin; if there is no Sangha to share with, then they should be given to the poor, lonely, weak, and elderly, as this plants the roots of goodness.' The disciples, having heard the Buddha's teachings, were very joyful, and after bowing to the Buddha, they departed. The Sutra of Guan La after Parinirvana (a scripture about the Guan La ritual after the Buddha's Nirvana)