T12n0392_佛滅度后棺斂葬送經

大正藏第 12 冊 No. 0392 佛滅度后棺斂葬送經

No. 392

佛滅度后棺斂葬送經(一名比丘師經)

失譯人名今附西晉錄

聞如是：

一時眾祐游于華氏國。阿難以人定時，白眾祐言：「眾祐滅訖之後，棺斂尊身，其禮云何？」

眾祐曰：「且自憂身，無憂佛也。吾滅度后，當有梵志、理家盡禮葬送。」

阿難言：「其禮云何？」

眾祐曰：「如飛行皇帝送喪之儀。」

重曰：「愿聞儀則。」

眾祐曰：「聖帝崩時，以劫波育㲲千張纏身，香澤灌上令澤下徹；以香𧂐身，上下四面使其齊同；放火阇維，撿骨、香汁洗，盛以金甕。石為㽃瓳——縱廣三尺，厚一尺——四邊上下各安一枚，金甕置中。跱剎懸繒具供所應，起土為塔，華香供養。

「佛當逾彼。所以然者，吾自無數劫，以四等弘慈，行六度無極，經緯十方拯濟群生，功德隆赫，成斯如來、無所著、正真道、最正覺、道法御、天人師，至尊難齊。各以把土供養塔者，其福無量。

「末世穢濁，民有顛沛之命，財有五家之分。吾以是故，留舍利並缽以穰世顛沛之禍，安祐眾生。為宗廟像令民睹，則沙門以經導化未聞，令生者永去牢獄之酷、死者免三塗之罪

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本我聽聞是這樣的：一時，眾祐（佛的別稱）在華氏國游化。阿難在人定（指傍晚時分）時，向眾祐請示說：『眾祐您滅度之後，如何用棺木收殮您的尊身，其禮儀是怎樣的呢？』眾祐說：『你且先擔憂自己的修行，不必擔憂佛的事情。我滅度之後，會有婆羅門和有理智的居士盡禮來安葬我。』阿難問：『其禮儀是怎樣的呢？』眾祐說：『就像飛行皇帝（轉輪聖王）去世時的葬禮一樣。』阿難再次請求說：『希望能夠詳細聽聞其儀則。』眾祐說：『聖帝駕崩時，用一千張劫波育㲲（一種細軟的布）纏裹身體，用香油澆灌使其滲透全身；再用香料塗抹身體，上下四面都要均勻塗抹；然後火化，撿拾骨灰，用香汁洗凈，盛放在金甕中。用石頭做成石函——長寬各三尺，厚一尺——四邊上下各安放一塊，將金甕放置在中間。豎立剎桿，懸掛幡帶，備好一切供品，堆土為塔，用鮮花和香供養。『佛的葬禮應當超過他們。之所以這樣，是因為我從無數劫以來，以四種平等心（慈、悲、喜、舍）的弘大慈悲，修行六度（佈施、持戒、忍辱、精進、禪定、智慧）到達彼岸，經緯十方救濟眾生，功德隆盛顯赫，成就瞭如來、無所執著、正真之道、最正覺、道法御、天人師，至尊無與倫比。各自拿一把土供養佛塔的人，其福報是無量的。『末法時代污穢混濁，民眾有顛沛流離的命運，財產有五家（指水、火、盜賊、惡子、官府）瓜分的危險。我因此留下舍利和缽，用來消除世間的顛沛之禍，安穩庇佑眾生。為宗廟設立佛像讓民眾瞻仰，那麼沙門可以用佛經引導教化那些沒有聽聞佛法的人，使活著的人永遠脫離牢獄的酷刑，死去的人免除三惡道的罪苦。』

【English Translation】 English version Thus have I heard: At one time, the World Honored One (another name for Buddha) was traveling in the country of Hwa-shi. Ananda, at the time of evening meditation, asked the World Honored One, saying, 'After the World Honored One passes away, how should your venerable body be placed in a coffin, and what are the proper rites?' The World Honored One said, 'You should first worry about your own practice, and not worry about the Buddha. After my passing, there will be Brahmins and wise laypeople who will respectfully conduct my funeral.' Ananda asked, 'What are the rites?' The World Honored One said, 'It will be like the funeral rites of a flying emperor (Chakravartin King) when he passes away.' Ananda again requested, 'I wish to hear the details of the rites.' The World Honored One said, 'When a holy emperor passes away, his body is wrapped with a thousand pieces of fine cloth (Kshau-ma), and fragrant oil is poured over it so that it permeates the entire body; then the body is anointed with fragrant substances, evenly on all four sides; then it is cremated, the ashes are collected, washed with fragrant juice, and placed in a golden urn. A stone casket is made—three feet in length and width, and one foot thick—with one piece placed on each of the four sides, and the golden urn is placed in the middle. A flagpole is erected, banners are hung, and all necessary offerings are prepared. A stupa is built with earth, and flowers and incense are offered. 'The Buddha's funeral should surpass theirs. The reason for this is that from countless kalpas, I have practiced the four immeasurables (loving-kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity) with great compassion, cultivated the six perfections (generosity, morality, patience, diligence, meditation, and wisdom) to reach the other shore, and have traversed the ten directions to save all beings. My merits are vast and glorious, and I have become the Tathagata, the one without attachments, the true path, the most perfect enlightenment, the guide of the Dharma, the teacher of gods and humans, the most honored and incomparable. Those who each offer a handful of earth to the stupa will receive immeasurable blessings. 'In the degenerate age, the world will be defiled and chaotic, the people will have unstable lives, and wealth will be in danger of being divided by the five families (water, fire, thieves, evil children, and government). Therefore, I leave behind relics and my bowl to eliminate the calamities of the world and to protect all beings. By establishing Buddha images in temples for people to venerate, the monks can use the scriptures to guide and teach those who have not heard the Dharma, so that the living may forever escape the cruel punishments of prison, and the dead may be freed from the suffering of the three evil realms.'

，必獲昇天。若為佛廟，當令逾彼矣。」

阿難言：「缽當如之？」

佛言：「吾缽者，四天大王之所獻也，合四以為一。佛所食器，群生慎無以食矣。

「滅度之後，諸國諍之、民心邪荒、賤命貴淫、背孝尊妖，缽當變化現五色光，飛行升降，開化民心。黎庶睹之，追存佛德，去愚即明，順用正教，皆興廟寺，旌表佛德。

「轉當東遊，所歷諸國兇疫消歇、君臣康休、谷帛豐穰、欣懌無患，終遠三塗，皆獲生天。極東國王仁而有明，缽當翔彼。王崩之後，其嗣淫荒，廢真從邪。民心亦爾，睹缽無肅敬之禮。天、龍見之，悲喜迎缽還海供奉。

「王亡尊缽，憂忿交胸，佈告諸國：『購缽千金。』連年募之，令出首尾。民貪重賞，遍索不得。時有賤人，其名曰師，偽作比丘，饕餮酒食，妻居育子。當醉提兒詣宮門言：『吾知缽處。』王聞大喜，請沙門入，曰：『缽所在乎？』對曰：『先以金來。』王賜金千斤。師曰：『唯沙門當盜之耳。』

「即下書考推諸沙門。其毒酷烈，臣民睹之靡不怨王。王曰：『爾為誰沙門乎？』答曰：『吾師事佛。』王曰：『佛有何戒耶？』師曰：『有二百五十戒。』

「王曰：『首戒云何？』

「答曰：『第一當遵慈。仁普惠恩及群生，

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本：必能升入天界。如果是爲了佛寺，應當使它超越其他寺廟。」阿難問道：『佛缽應當如何處置呢？』佛說：『我的缽，是四大天王所獻，將四個缽合為一個。佛所用的食器，眾生切不可用來食用。『我滅度之後，各國會為此爭奪，民心會變得邪惡荒唐，輕賤生命，看重淫慾，背棄孝道，尊崇妖邪。缽會變化顯現五色光芒，飛行升降，開化民心。百姓看到后，會追憶佛的恩德，去除愚昧，走向光明，順從正教，都會興建廟宇，彰顯佛的功德。『缽會向東遊歷，所到之處，各國的兇險疫病都會消散，君臣安康，五穀豐收，百姓喜悅安樂，沒有憂患，最終遠離三惡道，都能升入天界。極東方的國王仁慈而英明，缽會飛翔到那裡。國王去世后，他的繼承人會淫亂荒唐，拋棄真理，追隨邪惡。民眾也會如此，看到缽沒有肅敬的禮儀。天龍看到這種情況，會悲喜交加地迎接缽回到海中供奉。『國王因為失去佛缽，憂愁憤怒，向各國發布公告：『懸賞千金購買佛缽。』連年招募，要求交出佛缽。民眾貪圖重賞，四處搜尋卻找不到。當時有一個**，名叫師，假裝是比丘，貪吃酒肉，娶妻生子。他喝醉后，抱著孩子來到宮門說：『我知道佛缽在哪裡。』國王聽了非常高興，請沙門進來，問：『佛缽在哪裡？』他回答說：『先給我金子。』國王賞賜他千斤黃金。師說：『只有沙門才會偷盜佛缽。』『於是國王下令嚴查所有沙門。他的手段殘暴，臣民看到后無不怨恨國王。國王問：『你是哪個沙門？』他回答說：『我師從佛陀。』國王問：『佛陀有什麼戒律？』師回答說：『有二百五十條戒律。』『國王問：『第一條戒律是什麼？』『他回答說：『第一條應當遵從慈悲。仁愛普遍施恩于眾生，』

【English Translation】 English version: will surely ascend to heaven. If it is for a Buddhist temple, it should surpass all others.』 Ananda asked, 『What should be done with the Buddha』s bowl?』 The Buddha said, 『My bowl was offered by the Four Heavenly Kings, combining four bowls into one. The eating utensil of the Buddha, sentient beings must not use it for eating.』『After my passing, various countries will fight over it, the people』s minds will become wicked and absurd, they will despise life and value lust, abandon filial piety and honor demons. The bowl will transform and manifest five-colored light, flying up and down, enlightening the people』s minds. When the common people see it, they will recall the Buddha』s virtue, dispel ignorance and turn to enlightenment, follow the righteous teachings, and all will build temples, proclaiming the Buddha』s virtue.』『The bowl will travel eastward, and wherever it goes, the calamities and plagues of those countries will cease, the rulers and ministers will be healthy, the grains and silks will be abundant, the people will be joyful and peaceful, without worries, and ultimately they will be far from the three evil paths, and all will attain rebirth in heaven. The king of the far east is benevolent and wise, and the bowl will fly there. After the king passes away, his successor will be licentious and absurd, abandoning the truth and following evil. The people will also be like this, and when they see the bowl, they will not have respectful manners. The gods and dragons, seeing this, will be both sad and joyful, and will welcome the bowl back to the sea to be enshrined.』『The king, because of losing the Buddha』s bowl, was worried and angry, and issued a proclamation to all countries: 『A reward of a thousand gold pieces for the Buddha』s bowl.』 He recruited for years, demanding the bowl be handed over. The people, greedy for the reward, searched everywhere but could not find it. At that time, there was a **, named Shi, who pretended to be a bhikkhu, greedy for wine and meat, and had a wife and children. When he was drunk, he carried his child to the palace gate and said, 『I know where the Buddha』s bowl is.』 The king was very happy to hear this, and invited the shramana in, asking, 『Where is the Buddha』s bowl?』 He replied, 『Give me the gold first.』 The king rewarded him with a thousand pounds of gold. Shi said, 『Only a shramana would steal the bowl.』『So the king issued an order to investigate all shramanas. His methods were cruel, and the ministers and people who saw it all resented the king. The king asked, 『Which shramana are you?』 He replied, 『I am a disciple of the Buddha.』 The king asked, 『What are the Buddha』s precepts?』 Shi replied, 『There are two hundred and fifty precepts.』『The king asked, 『What is the first precept?』『He replied, 『The first precept is to follow compassion. Benevolence universally bestows grace upon all sentient beings,』

視天下群生身命若己身命；慈濟悲愍，恕己安彼，道喜開化，護彼若身。潤逮草木，無虛杌絕也。』

「王曰：『善哉！佛之仁化懷天裹地，何生不賴焉？』

「『二當遵清。無積穢寶，尊榮國土，非有無篡；草芥之屬，非惠不取。』

「王曰：『善哉！斯可謂清白者也。』

「『三當遵貞。心無存淫、口無言調，偽聲邪色，一不視聽。睹彼婦人，以母、以姊、以妹、以女，寧就燔身無為淫亂。』

「王曰：『善哉！摸真景凈，佛化為首矣。』

「『四當慎言。無兩舌、惡罵、妄言、綺語、前譽后毀、證入無辜、蠱道鬼妖、厭禱咒咀。寧就吞炭，不出毒聲也。』

「王曰：『善哉佛化。惴惴剽剽，慎言乃如茲乎。』

「『五當絕酒。夫酒者，令君不仁、臣不忠、親不義、子不孝、婦人奢淫，厥失三十有六，亡國破家靡不由茲。寧飲毒而死，不酒亂而生矣。』

「王曰：『善哉！佛之明化令吞德懷道，滅于眾惡、興于諸善；清凈為身、淡泊為志。經化令仁，而爾教吾令殺；戒云守清凈、無貪，而爾偷金；戒云無淫，而爾畜妻；戒當盡誠，而爾虛譖沙門，云其盜缽，令吾罪無辜；戒無嗜酒，而爾醉來。外諸沙門有具斯五德為高行者不乎？』

「答曰：『其

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本『要像對待自己的生命一樣看待天下所有眾生的生命；要慈愛憐憫，像寬恕自己一樣安頓他人，要隨喜開導，像保護自己一樣保護他們。恩澤要普及到草木，不要有任何遺漏或斷絕。』國王說：『說得好啊！佛的仁慈教化覆蓋天地，有什麼生命不依賴它呢？』『第二要遵守清凈。不要積聚污穢的財寶，要尊重國土，不進行篡奪；對於草芥之類的東西，不施予就不要拿取。』國王說：『說得好啊！這可以稱得上是清白的人了。』『第三要遵守貞潔。心中不要存有淫念，口中不要說輕佻的話，虛假的言語和邪惡的姿態，一概不看也不聽。看到婦女，要把她們當作母親、姐姐、妹妹、女兒看待，寧願被火燒死也不做**之事。』國王說：『說得好啊！觸控到真實清凈的境界，佛的教化是首要的。』『第四要謹慎言語。不要兩舌，不要惡語謾罵，不要說謊，不要說花言巧語，不要當面讚揚背後詆譭，不要誣陷無辜，不要搞蠱惑人心的鬼怪妖術，不要厭惡詛咒。寧願吞下炭火，也不要發出惡毒的聲音。』國王說：『說得好啊，佛的教化。小心謹慎，言語竟然要如此謹慎啊。』『第五要戒絕飲酒。酒這種東西，會使君主不仁，臣子不忠，親人不義，子女不孝，婦女奢侈淫蕩，它的過失有三十六種，亡國破家沒有不是因為它造成的。寧願喝毒藥而死，也不要因為醉酒而茍且偷生。』國王說：『說得好啊！佛的明智教化使人吞納美德，懷抱正道，消滅各種惡行，興起各種善行；使人清凈自身，淡泊名利。經書教化使人仁慈，而你卻教我殺戮；戒律說要守清凈，不要貪婪，而你卻偷盜金錢；戒律說不要淫亂，而你卻蓄養妻子；戒律說要盡心誠實，而你卻虛假誹謗沙門，說他們偷了缽，使我犯下無辜的罪過；戒律說不要嗜酒，而你卻醉醺醺地來了。其他的沙門中有具備這五種美德作為高尚行為的人嗎？』回答說：『他們

【English Translation】 English version 'Regard the lives of all beings in the world as you would your own; be compassionate and merciful, settle others as you would settle yourself, rejoice and enlighten them, protect them as you would protect yourself. Let your kindness extend to the plants and trees, without any omission or cessation.' The king said, 'Excellent! The Buddha's benevolent teachings embrace heaven and earth; what living being does not rely on them?' 'Secondly, one should adhere to purity. Do not accumulate defiled treasures, respect the land, and do not usurp it; as for things like grass and weeds, do not take them without giving.' The king said, 'Excellent! This can be called a person of purity.' 'Thirdly, one should adhere to chastity. In your heart, do not harbor lustful thoughts; in your mouth, do not speak frivolous words; false speech and evil appearances, do not look at or listen to them. When you see a woman, regard her as your mother, sister, younger sister, or daughter; rather be burned to death than commit **.' The king said, 'Excellent! Touching the true and pure realm, the Buddha's teachings are paramount.' 'Fourthly, one should be cautious in speech. Do not speak with a forked tongue, do not curse or revile, do not lie, do not use flowery language, do not praise to one's face and slander behind one's back, do not falsely accuse the innocent, do not engage in bewitching sorcery, and do not curse or invoke evil. Rather swallow burning coals than utter poisonous words.' The king said, 'Excellent are the Buddha's teachings. To be so cautious and careful in speech is indeed remarkable.' 'Fifthly, one should abstain from alcohol. Alcohol causes the ruler to be unbenevolent, the minister to be disloyal, relatives to be unjust, children to be unfilial, and women to be extravagant and licentious. Its faults are thirty-six in number, and there is no downfall of a country or family that does not stem from it. Rather drink poison and die than live in the chaos of drunkenness.' The king said, 'Excellent! The Buddha's wise teachings enable one to embrace virtue and hold to the right path, to eliminate all evils and promote all good; to purify oneself and be indifferent to fame and gain. The scriptures teach benevolence, yet you teach me to kill; the precepts say to maintain purity and not be greedy, yet you steal gold; the precepts say not to be licentious, yet you keep a wife; the precepts say to be sincere, yet you falsely slander the monks, saying they stole the bowl, causing me to commit an innocent sin; the precepts say not to be addicted to alcohol, yet you come here drunk. Are there other monks who possess these five virtues as noble conduct?' The answer was, 'They'

為兇穢，甚於吾矣。』

「王問有司：『諸沙門何以為業？』

「對曰：『分衛無度，其為眾穢，甚於彼師矣。』

「王曰：『佛戒有二百五十，仁過仁儀！清等太素！貞齊虛空！信若四時！明跨日月！緣得斯類篡法服、偷應器、偽為沙門，亂正真乎？一戒不奉，而云二百五十。』敕有司曰：『佛清凈廟，賢聖所宗；非鳥獸之巢窟。逐出穢濁者，無令止佛廟矣。』

「國之君子欲興利廟，惟無快賢處中宣佛神化者，抆淚而止。自斯大道陵遲，神化日衰。」

佛告阿難：「吾雖滅度后留缽及舍利，若有賢者肅心奉養，終皆昇天。」

阿難言：「千歲之末，缽現神德變化若茲，豈況無上正真道最正覺之靈化乎？」

佛說經時，天、龍、鬼神、王臣四輩，靡不哽咽，稽首而去。

佛滅度后棺斂葬送經

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本『他們的兇惡污穢，比我還厲害。』國王問主管官員：『那些沙門（shamen，佛教出家修行者）以什麼為業？』官員回答說：『他們乞食沒有節制，他們的污穢行為，比他們的老師還厲害。』國王說：『佛陀的戒律有二百五十條，他們的仁慈超過了仁義的規範！他們的清凈如同太初的純樸！他們的貞潔如同虛空一般！他們的信實如同四季的執行！他們的光明超越日月！他們竟然利用這些來篡改佛法，盜用佛具，偽裝成沙門，擾亂真正的佛法嗎？連一條戒律都不遵守，卻說有二百五十條。』於是命令主管官員說：『佛陀清凈的廟宇，是賢聖所尊崇的地方；不是鳥獸的巢穴。把那些污穢的人趕出去，不要讓他們再留在佛廟裡。』國內的君子想要興建佛廟，但因為沒有能夠快速地在其中宣揚佛法神化的人，只能擦著眼淚停止了。從此，佛法大道衰落，神化也日益衰微。」佛陀告訴阿難（Ananda，佛陀的十大弟子之一）：『我雖然滅度後會留下缽和舍利（sarira，佛陀或高僧火化后的遺骨），如果有人虔誠地供奉，最終都會升天。』阿難說：『千年之後，缽還能顯現如此神奇的變化，更何況無上正真之道、最正覺的靈化呢？』佛陀說完這部經時，天、龍、鬼神、王臣四眾，無不哽咽，叩頭離去。佛滅度后棺斂葬送經

【English Translation】 English version 'Their wickedness and defilement are even greater than mine.' The king asked the officials, 'What do those shamen (Buddhist monks) do for a living?' The officials replied, 'They beg for food without restraint, and their defilement is even greater than their teacher』s.' The king said, 'The Buddha's precepts are two hundred and fifty, their benevolence exceeds the standards of benevolence! Their purity is like the simplicity of the primordial state! Their chastity is like the void! Their faithfulness is like the four seasons! Their brightness surpasses the sun and moon! How can they use these to distort the Dharma, steal the monastic utensils, pretend to be shamen, and disrupt the true Dharma? They do not even observe one precept, yet they claim to have two hundred and fifty.' He then ordered the officials, 'The Buddha's pure temples are revered by the virtuous and the holy; they are not nests for birds and beasts. Drive out those defiled ones and do not let them stay in the Buddha's temples.' The gentlemen of the country wanted to build Buddhist temples, but because there was no one who could quickly propagate the Buddha's divine teachings, they could only stop with tears in their eyes. From then on, the great path of the Dharma declined, and the divine teachings waned day by day. The Buddha told Ananda (one of the ten major disciples of the Buddha), 'Although I will leave behind my bowl and sarira (relics of the Buddha or high monks after cremation) after my passing, if there are virtuous people who reverently venerate them, they will all eventually ascend to heaven.' Ananda said, 'If the bowl can manifest such miraculous changes after a thousand years, how much more so the spiritual transformation of the unsurpassed true path, the most perfect enlightenment?' When the Buddha finished speaking this sutra, the four assemblies of gods, dragons, ghosts, and kings and ministers all choked with sobs and bowed their heads before departing. Sutra of the Funeral and Burial after the Buddha's Parinirvana