T13n0412_地藏菩薩本願經
大正藏第 13 冊 No. 0412 地藏菩薩本願經
No. 412
地藏菩薩本願經卷上
唐于闐國三藏沙門實叉難陀譯
忉利天宮神通品第一
如是我聞：
一時，佛在忉利天，為母說法。爾時，十方無量世界，不可說不可說一切諸佛，及大菩薩摩訶薩，皆來集會。讚歎釋迦牟尼佛，能於五濁惡世，現不可思議大智慧神通之力，調伏剛強眾生，知苦樂法，各遣侍者，問訊世尊。是時，如來含笑，放百千萬億大光明雲——所謂大圓滿光明雲、大慈悲光明雲、大智慧光明雲、大般若光明雲、大三昧光明雲、大吉祥光明雲、大福德光明雲、大功德光明雲、大歸依光明雲、大讚嘆光明雲。放如是等不可說光明雲已，又出種種微妙之音——所謂檀波羅蜜音、尸波羅蜜音、羼提波羅蜜音、毗離耶波羅蜜音、禪波羅蜜音、般若波羅蜜音、慈悲音、喜舍音、解脫音、無漏音、智慧音、大智慧音、師子吼音、大師子吼音、云雷音、大云雷音。
出如是等不可說不可說音已，娑婆世界及他方國土，有無量億天龍鬼神，亦集到忉利天宮。所謂四天王天、忉利天、須焰摩天、兜率陀天、化樂天、他化自在天、梵眾天、梵輔天、大梵天、少光天、無量光天、光音天、少凈天、無量凈
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 地藏菩薩本願經 捲上 唐朝于闐國三藏沙門實叉難陀譯 忉利天宮神通品第一 我是這樣聽說的： 一時，佛在忉利天（Trayastrimsa，欲界六天中的第二天），為母親摩耶夫人說法。當時，十方無量世界，無數不可言說的諸佛，以及大菩薩摩訶薩（Bodhisattva-Mahasattva，大菩薩）都來到這裡。他們讚歎釋迦牟尼佛（Sakyamuni Buddha），能在五濁惡世（指劫濁、見濁、煩惱濁、眾生濁、命濁），顯現不可思議的大智慧神通之力，調伏剛強難化的眾生，使他們瞭解苦樂之法。諸佛菩薩各自派遣侍者，向世尊問候。這時，如來含笑，放出百千萬億大光明雲——即大圓滿光明雲、大慈悲光明雲、大智慧光明雲、大般若光明雲（Prajna，智慧）、大三昧光明雲（Samadhi，禪定）、大吉祥光明雲、大福德光明雲、大功德光明雲、大歸依光明雲、大讚嘆光明雲。放出這些不可言說的光明雲后，又發出種種微妙的聲音——即檀波羅蜜音（Dana Paramita，佈施波羅蜜）、尸波羅蜜音（Sila Paramita，持戒波羅蜜）、羼提波羅蜜音（Ksanti Paramita，忍辱波羅蜜）、毗離耶波羅蜜音（Virya Paramita，精進波羅蜜）、禪波羅蜜音（Dhyana Paramita，禪定波羅蜜）、般若波羅蜜音（Prajna Paramita，智慧波羅蜜）、慈悲音、喜舍音、解脫音、無漏音、智慧音、大智慧音、師子吼音、大師子吼音、云雷音、大云雷音。 發出這些不可言說不可言說的聲音后，娑婆世界（Saha world，我們所居住的世界）及其他方國土，有無數億的天龍鬼神，也聚集到忉利天宮。他們是：四天王天（Caturmaharajika，欲界六天的第一天）、忉利天、須焰摩天（Suyama，欲界六天的第三天）、兜率陀天（Tusita，欲界六天的第四天）、化樂天（Nirmanarati，欲界六天的第五天）、他化自在天（Paranirmita-vasavartin，欲界六天的第六天）、梵眾天（Brahma-parisadya，色界初禪天）、梵輔天（Brahma-purohita，色界初禪天）、大梵天（Maha-brahma，色界初禪天）、少光天（Parittabha，色界二禪天）、無量光天（Apramanabha，色界二禪天）、光音天（Abhasvara，色界二禪天）、少凈天（Parittasubha，色界三禪天）、無量凈
【English Translation】 English version Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Sutra, Volume 1 Translated by Tripiṭaka Śramaṇa Śikṣānanda of the Kingdom of Khotan of the Tang Dynasty Chapter 1: The Supernatural Powers in the Trayastrimsa Heaven Thus have I heard: At one time, the Buddha was in the Trayastrimsa Heaven (Trayastrimsa, the second of the six heavens of the desire realm), teaching the Dharma for his mother, Maya. At that time, countless Buddhas from the immeasurable worlds of the ten directions, and great Bodhisattva-Mahasattvas (great Bodhisattvas), all came to this place. They praised Sakyamuni Buddha for being able to manifest inconceivable great wisdom and supernatural powers in the evil world of the five turbidities (referring to the turbidities of the kalpa, views, afflictions, beings, and life), to subdue the stubborn and difficult-to-transform beings, and to make them understand the Dharma of suffering and happiness. The Buddhas and Bodhisattvas each sent their attendants to greet the World Honored One. At this time, the Tathagata smiled and emitted hundreds of thousands of millions of great light clouds—namely, the great perfect light cloud, the great compassionate light cloud, the great wisdom light cloud, the great Prajna (wisdom) light cloud, the great Samadhi (meditation) light cloud, the great auspicious light cloud, the great meritorious light cloud, the great virtuous light cloud, the great refuge light cloud, and the great praise light cloud. After emitting these unspeakable light clouds, he also emitted various subtle sounds—namely, the Dana Paramita (perfection of giving) sound, the Sila Paramita (perfection of morality) sound, the Ksanti Paramita (perfection of patience) sound, the Virya Paramita (perfection of diligence) sound, the Dhyana Paramita (perfection of meditation) sound, the Prajna Paramita (perfection of wisdom) sound, the sound of compassion, the sound of joy and equanimity, the sound of liberation, the sound of non-outflow, the sound of wisdom, the sound of great wisdom, the lion's roar sound, the great lion's roar sound, the cloud thunder sound, and the great cloud thunder sound. After emitting these unspeakable and inexpressible sounds, countless billions of devas, dragons, and spirits from the Saha world (the world we live in) and other lands also gathered in the Trayastrimsa Heaven. They were: the Caturmaharajika Heaven (the first of the six heavens of the desire realm), the Trayastrimsa Heaven, the Suyama Heaven (the third of the six heavens of the desire realm), the Tusita Heaven (the fourth of the six heavens of the desire realm), the Nirmanarati Heaven (the fifth of the six heavens of the desire realm), the Paranirmita-vasavartin Heaven (the sixth of the six heavens of the desire realm), the Brahma-parisadya Heaven (the first dhyana heaven of the form realm), the Brahma-purohita Heaven (the first dhyana heaven of the form realm), the Maha-brahma Heaven (the first dhyana heaven of the form realm), the Parittabha Heaven (the second dhyana heaven of the form realm), the Apramanabha Heaven (the second dhyana heaven of the form realm), the Abhasvara Heaven (the second dhyana heaven of the form realm), the Parittasubha Heaven (the third dhyana heaven of the form realm), the Apramanasubha
天、遍凈天、福生天、福愛天、廣果天、無想天、無煩天、無熱天、善見天、善現天、色究竟天、摩醯首羅天，乃至非想非非想處天，一切天眾、龍眾、鬼神等眾，悉來集會。
復有他方國土，及娑婆世界海神、江神、河神、樹神、山神、地神、川澤神、苗稼神、晝神、夜神、空神、天神、飲食神、草木神，如是等神，皆來集會。
復有他方國土，及娑婆世界諸大鬼王——所謂惡目鬼王、啖血鬼王、啖精氣鬼王、啖胎卵鬼王、行病鬼王、攝毒鬼王、慈心鬼王、福利鬼王、大愛敬鬼王，如是等鬼王，皆來集會。
爾時，釋迦牟尼佛告文殊師利法王子菩薩摩訶薩：「汝觀是一切諸佛菩薩，及天龍鬼神，此世界，他世界，此國土，他國土，如是今來集會，到忉利天者，汝知數不？」
文殊師利白佛言：「世尊！若以我神力，千劫測度，不能得知。」
佛告文殊師利：「吾以佛眼觀故，猶不盡數。此皆是地藏菩薩久遠劫來，已度、當度、未度，已成就、當成就、未成就。」
文殊師利白佛言：「世尊！我已過去久修善根，證無礙智，聞佛所言，即當信受。小果聲聞、天龍八部，及未來世諸眾生等，雖聞如來誠實之語，必懷疑惑，設使頂受，未免興謗。唯愿世尊，廣說地藏菩薩摩訶薩因地
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：天界、遍凈天（指色界第三禪天）、福生天（指色界第二禪天）、福愛天（指色界第二禪天）、廣果天（指色界第四禪天）、無想天（指色界第四禪天中無想眾生所居之處）、無煩天（指色界第五不還天）、無熱天（指色界第五不還天）、善見天（指色界第五不還天）、善現天（指色界第五不還天）、色究竟天（指色界頂天）、摩醯首羅天（指色界頂天，又名大自在天），乃至非想非非想處天（指無色界最高天），一切天眾、龍眾、鬼神等眾，都來了。 又有其他方國土，以及娑婆世界的海神、江神、河神、樹神、山神、地神、川澤神、苗稼神、晝神、夜神、空神、天神、飲食神、草木神，像這樣的神，都來了。 又有其他方國土，以及娑婆世界諸大鬼王——即所謂的惡目鬼王、啖血鬼王、啖精氣鬼王、啖胎卵鬼王、行病鬼王、攝毒鬼王、慈心鬼王、福利鬼王、大愛敬鬼王，像這樣的鬼王，都來了。 這時，釋迦牟尼佛告訴文殊師利法王子菩薩摩訶薩：『你看看這些諸佛菩薩，以及天龍鬼神，這個世界，其他世界，這個國土，其他國土，像這樣現在來到忉利天的人，你知道他們的數量嗎？』 文殊師利對佛說：『世尊！如果用我的神通力量，即使經過千劫來測度，也不能知道。』 佛告訴文殊師利：『我用佛眼觀察，也無法完全數清。這些都是地藏菩薩在久遠劫以來，已經度化、將要度化、尚未度化的，已經成就、將要成就、尚未成就的眾生。』 文殊師利對佛說：『世尊！我過去已經修習了很久的善根，證得了無礙的智慧，聽到佛所說的話，就應當信受。小果聲聞、天龍八部，以及未來世的眾生等，即使聽到如來真實的話語，必定會心懷疑惑，即使勉強接受，也難免會產生誹謗。唯愿世尊，廣泛地講述地藏菩薩摩訶薩的因地（指菩薩修行時的最初發心和所行之業）』
【English Translation】 English version: The heavens, the Pure Abode Heavens (Śuddhāvāsa, referring to the third dhyāna heaven of the Form Realm), the Blessed Birth Heavens (Puṇyajanman, referring to the second dhyāna heaven of the Form Realm), the Blessed Love Heavens (Puṇyaprasava, referring to the second dhyāna heaven of the Form Realm), the Extensive Fruit Heavens (Bṛhatphala, referring to the fourth dhyāna heaven of the Form Realm), the Non-Perception Heavens (Asañjñisattva, referring to the place where non-perceiving beings reside in the fourth dhyāna heaven of the Form Realm), the No-Trouble Heavens (Avṛha, referring to the fifth Anāgāmin heaven of the Form Realm), the No-Heat Heavens (Atapa, referring to the fifth Anāgāmin heaven of the Form Realm), the Good-Seeing Heavens (Sudṛśa, referring to the fifth Anāgāmin heaven of the Form Realm), the Good-Appearing Heavens (Sudarśana, referring to the fifth Anāgāmin heaven of the Form Realm), the Akaniṣṭha Heavens (Akaniṣṭha, the highest heaven of the Form Realm), the Maheśvara Heavens (Maheśvara, the highest heaven of the Form Realm, also known as the Great Free One), and even the Neither-Perception-Nor-Non-Perception Heavens (Naivasaṃjñānāsaṃjñāyatana, referring to the highest heaven of the Formless Realm), all the heavenly beings, dragon beings, and ghost and spirit beings, all came. Moreover, from other lands and the Saha world, the sea gods, river gods, stream gods, tree gods, mountain gods, earth gods, marsh gods, crop gods, day gods, night gods, sky gods, heavenly gods, food gods, and plant gods, all such gods came. Moreover, from other lands and the Saha world, all the great ghost kings—namely, the Evil-Eyed Ghost King, the Blood-Eating Ghost King, the Essence-Eating Ghost King, the Embryo-Eating Ghost King, the Disease-Spreading Ghost King, the Poison-Absorbing Ghost King, the Compassionate Ghost King, the Benefit-Bestowing Ghost King, and the Great Love and Respect Ghost King, all such ghost kings came. At that time, Śākyamuni Buddha said to Mañjuśrī, the Dharma Prince Bodhisattva Mahāsattva: 'Look at all these Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, as well as the heavenly beings, dragons, and ghosts and spirits, from this world and other worlds, from this land and other lands, who have come to the Trāyastriṃśa Heaven. Do you know their number?' Mañjuśrī said to the Buddha: 'World Honored One! If I were to use my spiritual powers to measure it for a thousand kalpas, I would not be able to know.' The Buddha told Mañjuśrī: 'Even with my Buddha eye, I cannot fully count them. All of these are beings that Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva has already liberated, will liberate, and has not yet liberated, has already accomplished, will accomplish, and has not yet accomplished, over countless kalpas.' Mañjuśrī said to the Buddha: 'World Honored One! I have cultivated good roots for a long time in the past and have attained unobstructed wisdom. Upon hearing the Buddha's words, I should accept them with faith. However, the Śrāvakas of small attainment, the eight classes of gods and dragons, and the beings of the future world, even if they hear the Tathāgata's truthful words, will surely harbor doubts. Even if they reluctantly accept them, they will inevitably give rise to slander. I beseech the World Honored One to extensively explain the causal ground (referring to the initial aspiration and actions of a Bodhisattva during their practice) of Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva Mahāsattva.'
作何行、立何愿，而能成就不思議事？」
佛告文殊師利：「譬如三千大千世界，所有草木叢林，稻麻竹葦，山石微塵，一物一數，作一恒河，一恒河沙，一沙一界。一界之內，一塵一劫，一劫之內，所積塵數，盡克為劫。地藏菩薩證十地果位已來，千倍多於上喻。何況地藏菩薩在聲聞、辟支佛地。文殊師利！此菩薩威神誓願，不可思議。若未來世，有善男子、善女人，聞是菩薩名字，或讚歎，或瞻禮，或稱名，或供養，乃至彩畫、刻鏤、塑漆形像，是人當得百返生於三十三天，永不墮惡道。
「文殊師利！是地藏菩薩摩訶薩，於過去久遠不可說不可說劫前，身為大長者子。時世有佛，號曰師子奮迅具足萬行如來。時長者子，見佛相好，千福莊嚴，因問彼佛：『作何行愿，而得此相？』時師子奮迅具足萬行如來告長者子：『欲證此身，當須久遠度脫一切受苦眾生。』
「文殊師利！時長者子，因發願言：『我今盡未來際不可計劫，為是罪苦六道眾生，廣設方便，盡令解脫，而我自身，方成佛道。』以是于彼佛前，立斯大愿，於今百千萬億那由他不可說劫，尚為菩薩。
「又於過去，不可思議阿僧祇劫，時世有佛，號曰覺華定自在王如來。彼佛壽命，四百千萬億阿僧祇劫。像法之中，有一婆羅
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：『要修行什麼，立下什麼愿，才能成就不可思議的事業呢？』 佛告訴文殊師利：『譬如三千大千世界，所有草木叢林，稻麻竹葦，山石微塵，每一物算作一個數，用這個數來形成一條恒河，每一條恒河的沙子，每一粒沙子算作一個世界。在一個世界之內，每一粒微塵算作一劫，每一劫之內，所積累的微塵數，全部都算作劫。地藏菩薩證得十地果位以來，所經歷的劫數比上面比喻的還要多千倍。更何況地藏菩薩還在聲聞、辟支佛的果位時。文殊師利！這位菩薩的威神誓願，不可思議。如果未來世，有善男子、善女人，聽到這位菩薩的名字，或者讚歎，或者瞻仰禮拜，或者稱念名號，或者供養，乃至彩繪、雕刻、塑造他的形像，這個人應當能百次往生到三十三天，永遠不會墮入惡道。 『文殊師利！這位地藏菩薩摩訶薩，在過去久遠不可說不可說劫之前，身為一位大長者的兒子。當時世間有一尊佛，號為師子奮迅具足萬行如來（意為：獅子般勇猛精進，具足萬種德行的如來）。當時這位長者子，見到佛的相貌美好，千種福德莊嚴，於是問那尊佛：『修行什麼，立下什麼愿，才能得到這樣的相貌？』當時師子奮迅具足萬行如來告訴長者子：『想要證得這樣的身相，應當長久地救度一切受苦的眾生。』 『文殊師利！當時這位長者子，因此發願說：『我從現在起直到未來無盡的劫數，爲了這些罪苦的六道眾生，廣設方便，使他們全部都得到解脫，而我自身，才成就佛道。』因為在佛前立下這個大愿，直到現在百千萬億那由他不可說劫，仍然是菩薩。 『又在過去，不可思議阿僧祇劫，當時世間有一尊佛，號為覺華定自在王如來（意為：覺悟之花，禪定自在的王者如來）。那尊佛的壽命，有四百千萬億阿僧祇劫。在像法時期，有一位婆羅門女，
【English Translation】 English version: 'What practices should one undertake, and what vows should one make, to achieve inconceivable accomplishments?' The Buddha told Manjushri: 'For example, in the great trichiliocosm, all the grasses, trees, forests, rice, hemp, bamboo, reeds, mountains, stones, and fine dust, let each item be counted as one, and with this number, form a Ganges River. For each grain of sand in one Ganges River, let it be counted as one world. Within one world, let each speck of dust be counted as one kalpa, and within each kalpa, let the accumulated number of dust particles be counted as kalpas. Since Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva attained the tenth bhumi, the number of kalpas he has experienced is a thousand times more than the above analogy. How much more so when Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva was still in the stages of Sravaka and Pratyekabuddha. Manjushri! This Bodhisattva's majestic power and vows are inconceivable. If in the future, there are good men or good women who hear this Bodhisattva's name, or praise him, or gaze upon and worship him, or recite his name, or make offerings to him, or even paint, carve, or sculpt his image, this person will be reborn in the Trayastrimsa Heaven a hundred times and will never fall into the evil paths.' 'Manjushri! This Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Mahasattva, in the past, countless, inexpressible kalpas ago, was the son of a great elder. At that time, there was a Buddha in the world named Simhavikridita-sarvapunyasamucchaya Tathagata (meaning: the Tathagata who is like a lion's vigorous stride, complete with all merits). At that time, the elder's son, seeing the Buddha's beautiful features, adorned with a thousand blessings, asked that Buddha: 'What practices and vows did you undertake to attain such features?' At that time, Simhavikridita-sarvapunyasamucchaya Tathagata told the elder's son: 'To attain such a form, one must for a long time liberate all suffering beings.' 'Manjushri! At that time, the elder's son, therefore, made the vow: 'From now until the endless kalpas of the future, for the sake of these suffering beings in the six realms, I will extensively establish skillful means to liberate them all, and only then will I myself attain Buddhahood.' Because of making this great vow before that Buddha, he is still a Bodhisattva even after hundreds of millions of nayutas of inexpressible kalpas. 'Also, in the past, in inconceivable asamkhya kalpas, there was a Buddha in the world named Jnanakusuma-pratisthita-rajya Tathagata (meaning: the Tathagata who is the king of the realm of wisdom flowers and stability). That Buddha's lifespan was four hundred million nayutas of asamkhya kalpas. During the Dharma-resemblance period, there was a Brahmin woman,'
門女，宿福深厚，眾所欽敬；行住坐臥，諸天衛護。其母信邪，常輕三寶。是時聖女，廣說方便，勸誘其母，令生正見。而此女母，未全生信，不久命終，魂神墮在無間地獄。時婆羅門女，知母在世不信因果，計當隨業，必生惡趣。遂賣家宅，廣求香華，及諸供具，于先佛塔寺，大興供養。見覺華定自在王如來，其形像在一寺中，塑畫威容，端嚴畢備。時婆羅門女，瞻禮尊容，倍生敬仰。私自念言：『佛名大覺，具一切智，若在世時，我母死後，儻來問佛，必知處所。』時婆羅門女，垂泣良久，瞻戀如來。忽聞空中聲曰：『泣者聖女！勿至悲哀，我今示汝母之去處。』婆羅門女合掌向空，而白空曰：『是何神德，寬我憂慮。我自失母已來，晝夜憶戀，無處可問知母生界。』時空中有聲，再報女曰：『我是汝所瞻禮者，過去覺華定自在王如來。見汝憶母，倍于常情眾生之分，故來告示。』婆羅門女聞此聲已，舉身自撲，支節皆損。左右扶侍，良久方穌，而白空曰：『愿佛慈愍，速說我母生界。我今身心，將死不久。』時覺華定自在王如來告聖女曰：『汝供養畢，但早返舍。端坐思惟吾之名號，即當知母所生去處。』
「時婆羅門女，尋禮佛已，即歸其舍。以憶母故，端坐念覺華定自在王如來，經一日一夜。忽見自
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：有一位婆羅門女子，宿世福報深厚，受到眾人欽佩敬仰；她行走、站立、坐著、躺臥時，都有諸天神衛護。她的母親信仰邪教，常常輕視佛、法、僧三寶（佛教的三個根本皈依處）。當時，這位聖女廣說種種方便法門，勸導她的母親，讓她生起正確的見解。然而，這位女子的母親並沒有完全相信，不久就去世了，魂神墮入了無間地獄（佛教中最痛苦的地獄）。當時，婆羅門女子知道母親在世時不相信因果報應，料想她會隨著業力，必定墮入惡道。於是她賣掉家宅，廣泛求購香、花以及各種供品，在過去的佛塔寺廟中，大興供養。她見到覺華定自在王如來（佛名），他的形像在一座寺廟中，塑畫的威儀容貌，端莊莊嚴，完美無缺。當時，婆羅門女子瞻仰禮拜佛像，更加敬仰。她私下想：『佛名為大覺，具足一切智慧，如果佛在世時，我母親死後，如果來問佛，必定知道她所去之處。』當時，婆羅門女子哭泣了很久，依戀地看著如來。忽然聽到空中傳來聲音說：『哭泣的聖女！不要過於悲傷，我現在告訴你你母親的去處。』婆羅門女子合掌向空中，對空中說道：『是哪位神德，寬慰我的憂慮。我自從失去母親以來，日夜思念，沒有地方可以詢問得知母親的去處。』當時，空中有聲音，再次告訴女子說：『我是你所瞻仰禮拜的，過去的覺華定自在王如來。看到你思念母親，比一般眾生更加深切，所以來告訴你。』婆羅門女子聽到這個聲音后，全身撲倒在地，肢體都受傷了。左右的人扶持她，過了很久才甦醒過來，對空中說道：『愿佛慈悲憐憫，快說我母親的去處。我現在身心，將要不久於人世。』當時，覺華定自在王如來告訴聖女說：『你供養完畢，只要早點返回家中。端坐思惟我的名號，就會知道你母親所生之處。』 當時，婆羅門女子，禮拜佛后，就回到家中。因為思念母親的緣故，端坐唸誦覺華定自在王如來的名號，經過一日一夜。忽然看見自己
【English Translation】 English version: There was a Brahmin woman who had deep karmic blessings from past lives, and was respected and admired by all; when she walked, stood, sat, or lay down, she was protected by various deities. Her mother believed in heterodox teachings and often disrespected the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha, the three fundamental refuges of Buddhism). At that time, this holy woman extensively explained various expedient methods, persuading her mother to develop correct views. However, the woman's mother did not fully believe, and soon passed away, her soul falling into the Avici Hell (the most painful hell in Buddhism). At that time, the Brahmin woman knew that her mother did not believe in cause and effect while alive, and expected that she would, according to her karma, surely fall into evil realms. Therefore, she sold her house, widely sought incense, flowers, and various offerings, and made extensive offerings at the pagodas and temples of past Buddhas. She saw the Tathagata (Buddha) named Jue Hua Ding Zi Zai Wang (King of Enlightenment Flower Samadhi), whose image was in a temple, sculpted and painted with majestic and dignified features, perfectly complete. At that time, the Brahmin woman gazed upon and paid homage to the Buddha's image, feeling even greater reverence. She thought to herself, 'The Buddha is called the Greatly Enlightened One, possessing all wisdom. If the Buddha were alive, after my mother's death, if I were to ask the Buddha, he would surely know her whereabouts.' At that time, the Brahmin woman wept for a long time, gazing at the Tathagata with longing. Suddenly, she heard a voice in the air saying, 'Weeping holy woman! Do not be too sorrowful, I will now tell you where your mother has gone.' The Brahmin woman clasped her hands together towards the sky and said to the air, 'Which divine virtue is this, relieving my worries? Since I lost my mother, I have been thinking of her day and night, and have nowhere to ask about her whereabouts.' At that time, a voice in the air replied to the woman again, 'I am the one you have been gazing upon and paying homage to, the past Tathagata Jue Hua Ding Zi Zai Wang. Seeing that you miss your mother more deeply than ordinary beings, I have come to tell you.' Upon hearing this voice, the Brahmin woman fell to the ground, her limbs injured. Those around her helped her, and after a long time, she regained consciousness and said to the air, 'May the Buddha have compassion and quickly tell me where my mother has gone. My body and mind are about to die soon.' At that time, the Tathagata Jue Hua Ding Zi Zai Wang told the holy woman, 'After you have finished making offerings, just return home early. Sit in meditation and contemplate my name, and you will know where your mother has been reborn.' Then, the Brahmin woman, after paying homage to the Buddha, returned to her home. Because she missed her mother, she sat in meditation and recited the name of the Tathagata Jue Hua Ding Zi Zai Wang, for a day and a night. Suddenly, she saw herself
身，到一海邊。其水涌沸，多諸惡獸，盡復鐵身，飛走海上，東西馳逐。見諸男子女人，百千萬數，出沒海中，被諸惡獸爭取食啖。又見夜叉，其形各異，或多手多眼，多足多頭，口牙外出，利刃如劍，驅諸罪人，使近惡獸，復自搏攫，頭足相就。其形萬類，不敢久視。時婆羅門女，以唸佛力故，自然無懼。
「有一鬼王，名曰無毒，稽首來迎，白聖女曰：『善哉！菩薩何緣來此？』時婆羅門女問鬼王曰：『此是何處？』無毒答曰：『此是大鐵圍山西面第一重海。』聖女問曰：『我聞鐵圍之內，地獄在中，是事實不？』無毒答曰：『實有地獄。』聖女問曰：『我今云何，得到獄所？』無毒答曰：『若非威神，即須業力，非此二事，終不能到。』聖女又問：『此水何緣，而乃涌沸？多諸罪人，及以惡獸？』無毒答曰：『此是閻浮提造惡眾生新死之者，經四十九日後，無人繼嗣為作功德，救拔苦難，生時又無善因，當據本業所感地獄，自然先渡此海。海東十萬由旬，又有一海，其苦倍此。彼海之東，又有一海，其苦復倍。三業惡因之所招感，共號業海，其處是也。』聖女又問鬼王無毒曰：『地獄何在？』無毒答曰：『三海之內，是大地獄，其數百千，各各差別。所謂大者，具有十八。次有五百，苦毒無量。次有千百
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：她（婆羅門女）的身體，來到一片海邊。那裡的海水翻騰沸騰，有很多兇惡的野獸，它們全身都是鐵做的，在海面上飛奔，東西追逐。她看到無數的男人和女人，在海中時隱時現，被那些兇惡的野獸爭搶吞食。又看到夜叉（一種惡鬼），它們的形狀各不相同，有的有很多手和眼睛，有的有很多腳和頭，嘴裡的牙齒向外突出，像鋒利的劍一樣，驅趕著罪人，讓他們靠近惡獸，自己也互相搏鬥，頭和腳互相碰撞。它們的形狀千奇百怪，讓人不敢久看。這時，婆羅門女因爲念佛的力量，自然沒有恐懼。 一個名叫無毒的鬼王，向她稽首行禮，前來迎接，對聖女說：『太好了！菩薩您為什麼來到這裡？』這時，婆羅門女問鬼王說：『這裡是什麼地方？』無毒回答說：『這裡是大鐵圍山（佛教中環繞世界的山）西面的第一重海。』聖女問：『我聽說鐵圍山之內，有地獄在其中，這是真的嗎？』無毒回答說：『確實有地獄。』聖女問：『我現在要怎樣才能到達地獄呢？』無毒回答說：『如果不是憑藉威神之力，就必須依靠業力，沒有這兩種力量，最終都不能到達。』聖女又問：『這海水為什麼會翻騰沸騰？為什麼有這麼多罪人和兇惡的野獸？』無毒回答說：『這些是閻浮提（我們所居住的世界）造惡的眾生新死之後，經過四十九天後，沒有人繼續為他們做功德，救拔他們的苦難，他們生前又沒有善因，就會根據他們所造的業力，感召到地獄，自然先要渡過這片海。海的東面十萬由旬（古印度長度單位），還有一片海，那裡的痛苦比這裡加倍。那片海的東面，還有一片海，那裡的痛苦又加倍。這都是由身、口、意三業的惡因所招感的，統稱為業海，這裡就是那個地方。』聖女又問鬼王無毒說：『地獄在哪裡？』無毒回答說：『在這三片海之內，就是大地獄，有成百上千個，各自不同。其中最大的，共有十八個。其次有五百個，痛苦毒害無量。再次有成千上百個，』
【English Translation】 English version: Her (the Brahmin woman's) body arrived at a sea shore. The water there was surging and boiling, with many ferocious beasts, all with iron bodies, flying and running on the sea, chasing each other east and west. She saw countless men and women, appearing and disappearing in the sea, being fought over and devoured by those ferocious beasts. She also saw yakshas (a type of evil spirit), each with different shapes, some with many hands and eyes, some with many feet and heads, their teeth protruding outward like sharp swords, driving the sinners, making them approach the ferocious beasts, and they themselves also fought each other, their heads and feet colliding. Their shapes were so varied that one dared not look at them for long. At this time, the Brahmin woman, because of the power of reciting the Buddha's name, naturally had no fear. A ghost king named 'No Poison' bowed his head in greeting, came to welcome her, and said to the holy woman: 'Excellent! Why has the Bodhisattva come here?' At this time, the Brahmin woman asked the ghost king: 'What is this place?' No Poison replied: 'This is the first sea to the west of the Great Iron Ring Mountain (a mountain encircling the world in Buddhism).' The holy woman asked: 'I have heard that within the Iron Ring Mountain, there are hells, is this true?' No Poison replied: 'There are indeed hells.' The holy woman asked: 'How can I reach the hells now?' No Poison replied: 'If not by divine power, then one must rely on karmic force; without these two, one cannot reach them.' The holy woman asked again: 'Why is this sea surging and boiling? Why are there so many sinners and ferocious beasts?' No Poison replied: 'These are the newly deceased beings of Jambudvipa (the world we live in) who have committed evil deeds. After forty-nine days, if no one continues to perform meritorious deeds for them to relieve their suffering, and they had no good causes in their lives, they will, according to their karmic deeds, be drawn to hell, and naturally must first cross this sea. Ten thousand yojanas (an ancient Indian unit of length) to the east of this sea, there is another sea, where the suffering is doubled. To the east of that sea, there is yet another sea, where the suffering is doubled again. These are all caused by the evil deeds of body, speech, and mind, and are collectively called the Sea of Karma, and this is that place.' The holy woman then asked the ghost king No Poison: 'Where are the hells?' No Poison replied: 'Within these three seas are the great hells, hundreds and thousands of them, each different. Among them, the largest are eighteen. Next, there are five hundred, with immeasurable suffering and poison. Then there are thousands and hundreds more,'
，亦無量苦。』聖女又問大鬼王曰：『我母死來未久，不知魂神當至何趣？』鬼王問聖女曰：『菩薩之母，在生習何行業？』聖女答曰：『我母邪見，譏毀三寶。設或暫信，旋又不敬。死雖日淺，未知生處。』無毒問曰：『菩薩之母，姓氏何等？』聖女答曰：『我父我母，俱婆羅門種。父號尸羅善現，母號悅帝利。』無毒合掌，啟菩薩曰：『愿聖者卻返本處，無至憂憶悲戀。悅帝利罪女，生天以來，經今三日。云承孝順之子，為母設供、修福，佈施覺華定自在王如來塔寺。非唯菩薩之母得脫地獄，應是無間罪人，此日悉得受樂，俱同生訖。』鬼王言畢，合掌而退。婆羅門女，尋如夢歸。悟此事已，便於覺華定自在王如來塔像之前，立弘誓願：『愿我盡未來劫，應有罪苦眾生，廣設方便，使令解脫。』」
佛告文殊師利：「時鬼王無毒者，當今財首菩薩是。婆羅門女者，即地藏菩薩是。」
分身集會品第二
爾時，百千萬億不可思、不可議、不可量、不可說、無量阿僧祇世界，所有地獄處，分身地藏菩薩，俱來集在忉利天宮。以如來神力故，各以方面，與諸得解脫從業道出者，亦各有千萬億那由他數，共持香華，來供養佛。彼諸同來等輩，皆因地藏菩薩教化，永不退轉于阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。是諸眾
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：，也有無量的痛苦。』聖女又問大鬼王說：『我母親去世不久，不知道她的靈魂會到哪一道去？』鬼王問聖女說：『菩薩的母親，在世時習慣做什麼行業？』聖女回答說：『我母親有邪見，譏諷譭謗佛法僧三寶。即使偶爾相信，很快又不尊敬。雖然去世時間不長，還不知道她投生到哪裡。』無毒問：『菩薩的母親，姓氏是什麼？』聖女回答說：『我的父母都是婆羅門種姓。父親名叫尸羅善現（Shila Shanxian，意為戒行善現），母親名叫悅帝利（Yuedili，意為喜悅）。』無毒合掌，對菩薩說：『愿聖者返回原來的地方，不要再憂愁悲傷了。悅帝利罪女，自從昇天以來，已經三天了。聽說是因為孝順的兒子，為母親設供、修福，佈施覺華定自在王如來（Juehua Dingzizai Wang Rulai）的塔寺。不僅菩薩的母親得以脫離地獄，所有無間地獄的罪人，今天都得到快樂，一起往生了。』鬼王說完，合掌退下。婆羅門女，隨即像從夢中醒來。明白這件事後，就在覺華定自在王如來的佛像前，立下宏大誓願：『愿我盡未來世，對於所有受罪受苦的眾生，廣設方便，使他們得到解脫。』 佛告訴文殊師利（Wenshushili）：『當時的鬼王無毒，就是現在的財首菩薩（Caishou Pusa）。婆羅門女，就是地藏菩薩（Dizang Pusa）。』 分身品第二 這時，百千萬億不可思議、不可議論、不可衡量、不可言說、無量阿僧祇世界，所有地獄之處，分身地藏菩薩，都來到忉利天宮（Daolitian Gong）聚集。因為如來的神力，各自從不同的方向，與那些得到解脫、從惡道出來的人，也各有千萬億那由他（Nayuta）之多，一起拿著香花，來供養佛。那些一同前來的人，都是因為地藏菩薩的教化，永遠不會在阿耨多羅三藐三菩提（Anuoduoluo Sanmiao Sanputi，意為無上正等正覺）上退轉。這些眾
【English Translation】 English version: , and immeasurable suffering.』 The holy maiden then asked the great ghost king, 『My mother has not been dead long, I do not know where her soul will go?』 The ghost king asked the holy maiden, 『What kind of practices did the Bodhisattva』s mother engage in during her life?』 The holy maiden replied, 『My mother held wrong views, slandering and defaming the Three Jewels. Even if she temporarily believed, she would quickly become disrespectful again. Although she has not been dead long, I do not know where she has been reborn.』 Wudu asked, 『What is the Bodhisattva』s mother』s surname?』 The holy maiden replied, 『My parents were both of the Brahmin caste. My father was named Shila Shanxian (meaning 'Good Manifestation of Precepts'), and my mother was named Yuedili (meaning 'Joyful').』 Wudu put his palms together and said to the Bodhisattva, 『May the holy one return to your original place, do not be sorrowful and grieving. The sinful woman Yuedili, since ascending to heaven, it has been three days. It is said that because of her filial son, who made offerings and cultivated merit for his mother, and made donations to the pagoda and temple of Juehua Dingzizai Wang Rulai (the Tathagata King of Pure Flower Samadhi), not only has the Bodhisattva』s mother escaped from hell, but all the sinners in the Avici hell have also received joy today and have been reborn together.』 After the ghost king finished speaking, he put his palms together and retreated. The Brahmin maiden then awoke as if from a dream. Having understood this matter, she made a great vow before the image of Juehua Dingzizai Wang Rulai: 『May I, throughout the future kalpas, for all sentient beings suffering from sin and pain, widely establish expedient means to enable them to be liberated.』 The Buddha told Manjushri (Wenshushili), 『The ghost king Wudu at that time is now the Bodhisattva Caishou (Wealth Leader). The Brahmin maiden is the Bodhisattva Dizang (Earth Treasury).』 Chapter Two: Incarnations At that time, hundreds of thousands of millions of inconceivable, inexpressible, immeasurable, unspeakable, and countless asamkhya worlds, in all the hells, the incarnated Bodhisattvas Dizang, all gathered in the Trayastrimsa Heaven (Daolitian Gong). Due to the Buddha』s divine power, each from their respective directions, along with those who had been liberated and had emerged from the evil paths, also numbering in the hundreds of thousands of millions of nayutas (Nayuta), came together holding incense and flowers to make offerings to the Buddha. All those who came together were due to the teachings of Bodhisattva Dizang, and would never regress from Anuttara-samyak-sambodhi (Anuoduoluo Sanmiao Sanputi, meaning 'Unsurpassed Right and Perfect Enlightenment'). These multitudes
等，久遠劫來，流浪生死，六道受苦，暫無休息。以地藏菩薩廣大慈悲，深誓願故，各獲果證。既至忉利，心懷踴躍，瞻仰如來，目不暫舍。
爾時，世尊舒金色臂，摩百千萬億不可思、不可議、不可量、不可說、無量阿僧祇世界諸分身地藏菩薩摩訶薩頂，而作是言：「吾於五濁惡世，教化如是剛強眾生，令心調伏，舍邪歸正。十有一二，尚惡習在。吾亦分身千百億，廣設方便。或有利根，聞即信受。或有善果，勤勸成就。或有暗鈍，久化方歸。或有業重，不生敬仰。如是等輩眾生，各各差別，分身度脫。或現男子身，或現女人身，或現天龍身，或現神鬼身，或現山林川原、河池泉井，利及於人，悉皆度脫。或現天帝身，或現梵王身，或現轉輪王身，或現居士身，或現國王身，或現宰輔身，或現官屬身，或現比丘、比丘尼、優婆塞、優婆夷身，乃至聲聞、羅漢、辟支佛、菩薩等身，而以化度。非但佛身，獨現其前。汝觀吾累劫勤苦，度脫如是等難化剛強罪苦眾生。其有未調伏者，隨業報應。若墮惡趣，受大苦時，汝當憶念吾在忉利天宮，慇勤付囑。令娑婆世界，至彌勒出世已來眾生，悉使解脫，永離諸苦，遇佛授記。」
爾時，諸世界分身地藏菩薩，共復一形，涕淚哀戀，白其佛言：「我從久遠劫來，蒙
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：他們經歷了漫長久遠的劫數，在生死輪迴中漂泊，於六道中承受痛苦，暫時沒有停歇。因為地藏菩薩（Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva）廣大的慈悲和深厚的誓願，他們各自獲得了果位的證悟。到達忉利天（Trayastrimsa Heaven）后，他們心中充滿喜悅，瞻仰著如來（Tathagata），目光片刻也不曾離開。 這時，世尊（World-Honored One）伸出金色的手臂，摩頂百千萬億不可思議、不可議論、不可衡量、不可言說、無量阿僧祇世界（asamkhya worlds）諸分身地藏菩薩摩訶薩（Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattvas）的頭頂，並說道：『我在五濁惡世（five turbid ages）教化這些剛強難化的眾生，使他們內心調伏，捨棄邪道歸於正道。其中十個里有一兩個，仍然惡習未改。我也分身千百億，廣設方便。有的根器銳利，一聽聞佛法就信受奉行；有的善根深厚，勤加勸勉就能成就；有的愚昧遲鈍，需要長久教化才能歸正；有的業障深重，不生恭敬仰慕之心。像這樣各種不同的眾生，我分別化身度脫他們。有時顯現男子身，有時顯現女人身，有時顯現天龍身，有時顯現神鬼身，有時顯現山林川原、河流池塘、泉水井水等，利益於人，都使他們得到解脫。有時顯現天帝身，有時顯現梵王身，有時顯現轉輪王身，有時顯現居士身，有時顯現國王身，有時顯現宰輔身，有時顯現官屬身，有時顯現比丘（bhiksu）、比丘尼（bhiksuni）、優婆塞（upasaka）、優婆夷（upasika）身，乃至聲聞（sravaka）、羅漢（arhat）、辟支佛（pratyekabuddha）、菩薩（bodhisattva）等身，以此來教化度脫他們。不僅僅是佛身，才顯現在他們面前。你看我累劫勤苦，度脫這些難以教化、剛強罪苦的眾生。那些尚未調伏的，將隨其業報應。如果墮入惡道，遭受巨大痛苦時，你們應當憶念我在忉利天宮，慇勤地囑託你們。使娑婆世界（Saha world）從現在到彌勒（Maitreya）出世這段時間的所有眾生，都能夠得到解脫，永遠脫離各種痛苦，並得到佛的授記。』 這時，各世界的分身地藏菩薩，共同恢復成一個形體，流著眼淚，哀傷不捨，對佛說道：『我從久遠劫以來，蒙受世尊的教化，得以證得不可思議的智慧力量。我所分身的百千萬億，遍佈各個世界，每一個世界都化現百千萬億的身形。我發願在未來無量劫中，度脫一切罪苦眾生，使他們都得到解脫。』
【English Translation】 English version: They have, for countless kalpas, wandered in the cycle of birth and death, enduring suffering in the six realms, with no respite. Due to the vast compassion and profound vows of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, they each attained the fruit of enlightenment. Having arrived at Trayastrimsa Heaven, their hearts were filled with joy, gazing upon the Tathagata, their eyes not leaving him for a moment. At that time, the World-Honored One extended his golden arm and stroked the heads of the hundred thousand million incalculable, inconceivable, immeasurable, unspeakable, and countless asamkhya worlds of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattvas, saying, 'In this evil world of the five turbid ages, I have taught such stubborn beings, causing their minds to be subdued, abandoning evil and returning to righteousness. Among them, one or two out of ten still retain their evil habits. I also manifest hundreds of thousands of millions of bodies, widely establishing expedient means. Some have sharp faculties and, upon hearing the Dharma, immediately believe and accept it. Some have good roots and, with diligent encouragement, achieve enlightenment. Some are dull and ignorant, requiring long periods of teaching before they return to the right path. Some have heavy karmic burdens and do not generate respect or admiration. Such beings, each different, are liberated by my manifested bodies. Sometimes I appear as a man, sometimes as a woman, sometimes as a deva or naga, sometimes as a spirit or ghost, sometimes as mountains, forests, rivers, ponds, springs, or wells, benefiting people, and all are liberated. Sometimes I appear as a deva king, sometimes as a Brahma king, sometimes as a wheel-turning king, sometimes as a householder, sometimes as a king, sometimes as a minister, sometimes as an official, sometimes as a bhiksu, bhiksuni, upasaka, or upasika, even as a sravaka, arhat, pratyekabuddha, or bodhisattva, and thus I teach and liberate them. It is not only the Buddha body that appears before them. You see my diligent efforts over countless kalpas to liberate such difficult-to-teach, stubborn, and suffering beings. Those who have not yet been subdued will follow their karmic retribution. If they fall into evil realms and suffer great pain, you should remember my earnest entrustment in Trayastrimsa Heaven. Cause all beings in the Saha world, from now until the appearance of Maitreya, to be liberated, to forever be free from all suffering, and to receive the Buddha's prediction of enlightenment.' At that time, the Ksitigarbha Bodhisattvas, manifested in various worlds, collectively returned to one form, weeping with sorrow and longing, and said to the Buddha, 'Since countless kalpas, I have received the teachings of the World-Honored One and have attained inconceivable wisdom and power. My manifested bodies, numbering hundreds of thousands of millions, are present in every world, and in each world, I manifest hundreds of thousands of millions of forms. I vow to liberate all suffering beings in the immeasurable kalpas to come, causing them all to attain liberation.'
佛接引，使獲不可思議神力，具大智慧。我所分身，遍滿百千萬億恒河沙世界。每一世界，化百千萬億身。每一身，度百千萬億人，令歸敬三寶，永離生死，至涅槃樂。但于佛法中，所為善事，一毛一渧，一沙一塵，或毫髮許，我漸度脫，使獲大利。唯愿世尊不以後世惡業眾生為慮。」如是三白佛言：「唯愿世尊不以後世惡業眾生為慮。」
爾時，佛贊地藏菩薩言：「善哉！善哉！吾助汝喜。汝能成就久遠劫來，發弘誓願，廣度將畢，即證菩提。」
觀眾生業緣品第三
爾時，佛母摩耶夫人，恭敬合掌，問地藏菩薩言：「聖者！閻浮眾生，造業差別，所受報應，其事云何？」
地藏答言：「千萬世界，乃及國土，或有地獄，或無地獄，或有女人，或無女人，或有佛法，或無佛法，乃至聲聞、辟支佛，亦復如是。非但地獄，罪報一等。」摩耶夫人重白菩薩：「且愿聞于閻浮罪報，所感惡趣。」地藏答言：「聖母！唯愿聽受，我粗說之。」佛母白言：「愿聖者說。」
爾時，地藏菩薩白聖母言：「南閻浮提罪報，名號如是：若有眾生，不孝父母，或至殺害，當墮無間地獄，千萬億劫，求出無期。若有眾生，出佛身血，譭謗三寶，不敬尊經，亦當墮于無間地獄，千萬億劫，求出無期。若有眾
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 佛陀接引他們，使他們獲得不可思議的神力，具備大智慧。我所分化的身軀，遍佈百千萬億恒河沙數的世界。在每一個世界，我化現百千萬億個身軀。每一個身軀，度化百千萬億人，使他們歸敬三寶（佛、法、僧），永遠脫離生死輪迴，到達涅槃的快樂。只要在佛法中，所做的善事，哪怕只有一毛、一滴、一沙、一塵，或者像毫毛那樣微小的善行，我都會逐漸度化他們，使他們獲得巨大的利益。只希望世尊不要為後世作惡的眾生擔憂。」像這樣三次對佛說：「只希望世尊不要為後世作惡的眾生擔憂。」 這時，佛陀讚歎地藏菩薩說：「好啊！好啊！我為你感到高興。你能夠成就久遠劫以來所發的弘大誓願，廣泛度化眾生即將完畢，就將證得菩提（覺悟）。」 觀眾生業緣品第三 這時，佛母摩耶夫人，恭敬地合掌，問地藏菩薩說：「聖者！閻浮提（我們所居住的世界）的眾生，造作的業有差別，所受的報應，情況是怎樣的呢？」 地藏菩薩回答說：「千萬個世界，乃至各個國土，有的有地獄，有的沒有地獄，有的有女人，有的沒有女人，有的有佛法，有的沒有佛法，乃至聲聞（聽聞佛法而修行的人）、辟支佛（獨自覺悟的人），也是如此。不僅僅是地獄，罪報的輕重也不一樣。」摩耶夫人再次對菩薩說：「希望能夠聽聞閻浮提的罪報，所感召的惡道。」地藏菩薩回答說：「聖母！希望您聽我粗略地說一下。」佛母說：「希望聖者說。」 這時，地藏菩薩對聖母說：「南閻浮提的罪報，名號是這樣的：如果有眾生，不孝順父母，甚至殺害父母，應當墮入無間地獄，千萬億劫，求出無期。如果有眾生，使佛陀身體出血，譭謗三寶，不尊敬佛經，也應當墮入無間地獄，千萬億劫，求出無期。如果有眾
【English Translation】 English version The Buddha receives and guides them, enabling them to obtain inconceivable spiritual power and great wisdom. My manifested bodies fill hundreds of thousands of millions of Ganges River sands of worlds. In each world, I transform into hundreds of thousands of millions of bodies. Each body saves hundreds of thousands of millions of people, causing them to take refuge in the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha), to forever escape the cycle of birth and death, and to reach the bliss of Nirvana. As long as in the Buddha's teachings, the good deeds done, even if it is just a hair, a drop, a grain of sand, a speck of dust, or as small as a hair, I will gradually liberate them, enabling them to obtain great benefits. I only wish that the World Honored One would not worry about the evil beings of future generations.」 He said to the Buddha three times like this: 「I only wish that the World Honored One would not worry about the evil beings of future generations.」 At that time, the Buddha praised Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha, saying: 「Excellent! Excellent! I rejoice in your accomplishment. You are able to fulfill the great vows you have made since countless eons ago, and when you have completed the widespread salvation of beings, you will attain Bodhi (enlightenment).」 Chapter Three: Observing the Karma and Conditions of Beings At that time, the Buddha's mother, Lady Maya, respectfully joined her palms and asked Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha: 「Holy One! The beings of Jambudvipa (the world we live in) create different karmas, and the retributions they receive, what are the circumstances?」 Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha replied: 「In thousands of worlds, and even in various lands, some have hells, some do not have hells, some have women, some do not have women, some have the Buddha's teachings, some do not have the Buddha's teachings, and even Sravakas (those who hear the Buddha's teachings and practice) and Pratyekabuddhas (those who attain enlightenment on their own) are the same. It is not only hells, the retributions for sins are also not the same.」 Lady Maya again said to the Bodhisattva: 「I wish to hear about the retributions for sins in Jambudvipa, and the evil realms they lead to.」 Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha replied: 「Holy Mother! I wish you would listen, I will speak about it briefly.」 The Buddha's mother said: 「I wish the Holy One would speak.」 At that time, Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha said to the Holy Mother: 「The retributions for sins in Southern Jambudvipa, their names are like this: If there are beings who are not filial to their parents, or even kill them, they should fall into the Avici Hell, for thousands of millions of eons, with no hope of escape. If there are beings who cause the Buddha's body to bleed, slander the Three Jewels, and do not respect the scriptures, they should also fall into the Avici Hell, for thousands of millions of eons, with no hope of escape. If there are beings who...
生，侵損常住，點污僧尼，或伽藍內，恣行淫慾，或殺或害，如是等輩，當墮無間地獄，千萬億劫，求出無期。若有眾生，偽作沙門，心非沙門，破用常住，欺誑白衣，違背戒律，種種造惡，如是等輩，當墮無間地獄，千萬億劫，求出無期。若有眾生，偷竊常住財物穀米、飲食衣服，乃至一物不與取者，當墮無間地獄，千萬億劫，求出無期。」
地藏白言：「聖母！若有眾生，作如是罪，當墮五無間地獄，求暫停苦，一念不得。」
摩耶夫人重白地藏菩薩言：「云何名為無間地獄？」
地藏白言：「聖母！諸有地獄，在大鐵圍山之內。其大地獄，有一十八所。次有五百，名號各別。次有千百，名字亦別。無間獄者，其獄城，周匝八萬餘裡，其城純鐵，高一萬里，城上火聚，少有空缺。其獄城中，諸獄相連，名號各別。
「獨有一獄，名曰無間。其獄周匝萬八千里，獄墻高一千里，悉是鐵為，上火徹下，下火徹上，鐵蛇鐵狗，吐火馳逐，獄墻之上，東西而走。獄中有床，遍滿萬里。一人受罪，自見其身，遍臥滿床。千萬人受罪，亦各自見，身滿床上。眾業所感，獲報如是。又諸罪人，備受眾苦。千百夜叉，及以惡鬼，口牙如劍，眼如電光，手復銅爪，拖拽罪人。復有夜叉，執大鐵戟，中罪人身
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：如果眾生，侵佔損害常住（寺院）的財物，玷污僧尼，或者在伽藍（寺院）內，恣意進行淫慾行為，或者殺生害命，像這樣的惡人，應當墮入無間地獄，經歷千萬億劫，都無法脫離。如果有的眾生，假裝是出家人，內心卻不是真正的出家人，破壞使用常住的財物，欺騙在家信徒，違背戒律，做出種種惡行，像這樣的惡人，應當墮入無間地獄，經歷千萬億劫，都無法脫離。如果有的眾生，偷竊常住的財物穀米、飲食衣服，乃至一件東西不經允許就拿走，應當墮入無間地獄，經歷千萬億劫，都無法脫離。 地藏菩薩稟告說：『聖母！如果眾生，犯下這樣的罪行，應當墮入五無間地獄，想要暫時停止痛苦，連一念的時間都不能得到。』 摩耶夫人再次稟告地藏菩薩說：『什麼叫做無間地獄呢？』 地藏菩薩稟告說：『聖母！所有的地獄，都在大鐵圍山之內。其中大地獄，共有十八所。其次有五百所，名稱各不相同。再次有千百所，名字也各不相同。無間地獄，它的獄城，周圍有八萬多里，城墻全部是鐵做的，高有一萬里，城墻上火焰聚集，很少有空缺的地方。這個獄城中，各個地獄相互連線，名稱各不相同。 『其中有一所地獄，叫做無間。這個地獄周圍有一萬八千里，獄墻高一千里，全部是鐵做的，上面的火直通下面，下面的火直通上面，鐵蛇鐵狗，噴著火焰追逐，在獄墻上，東西奔走。獄中有床，遍佈萬里。一個人受罪，自己看到自己的身體，遍臥滿床。千萬人受罪，也各自看到，自己的身體滿佈床上。這是眾生所造的業力感召，得到的報應就是這樣。而且這些罪人，遭受各種痛苦。成百上千的夜叉，以及惡鬼，口中的牙齒像劍一樣，眼睛像閃電一樣，手上長著銅爪，拖拽著罪人。還有夜叉，拿著大鐵戟，刺向罪人的身體。』
【English Translation】 English version: If sentient beings encroach upon and damage the permanent property (of monasteries), defile monks and nuns, or within the Sangharama (monastery), indulge in sexual misconduct, or kill and harm living beings, such evil individuals shall fall into the Avici Hell, and for countless eons, they will have no hope of escape. If there are sentient beings who falsely present themselves as monks, but are not true monks at heart, who destroy and use the permanent property, deceive lay followers, violate precepts, and commit all sorts of evil deeds, such evil individuals shall fall into the Avici Hell, and for countless eons, they will have no hope of escape. If there are sentient beings who steal the permanent property of the monastery, such as grains, food, clothing, or even a single item without permission, they shall fall into the Avici Hell, and for countless eons, they will have no hope of escape. Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva reported, 'Holy Mother! If sentient beings commit such sins, they shall fall into the five Avici Hells, and they will not be able to obtain even a moment's respite from suffering.' Queen Maya again reported to Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, 'What is called the Avici Hell?' Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva reported, 'Holy Mother! All the hells are within the Great Iron Mountain Range. Among them, there are eighteen great hells. Next, there are five hundred, each with different names. Then, there are thousands and hundreds, also with different names. The Avici Hell, its city walls, are over eighty thousand li in circumference, the walls are made entirely of iron, and are ten thousand li high, with flames gathered on top, leaving few gaps. Within this hell city, the various hells are interconnected, each with different names.' 'There is one hell, called Avici. This hell is eighteen thousand li in circumference, the walls are one thousand li high, all made of iron, with fire reaching from top to bottom, and from bottom to top, iron snakes and iron dogs, spewing flames, chase each other, running east and west on the walls. There are beds in the hell, covering ten thousand li. When one person suffers, they see their own body, lying fully on the bed. When thousands of people suffer, they also see their own bodies, filling the beds. This is the retribution for the karma created by sentient beings. Moreover, these sinners endure all kinds of suffering. Hundreds and thousands of Yakshas, and evil ghosts, with teeth like swords, eyes like lightning, and copper claws on their hands, drag the sinners. There are also Yakshas, holding large iron halberds, piercing the bodies of the sinners.'
，或中口鼻，或中腹背，拋空翻接，或置床上。復有鐵鷹，啖罪人目。復有鐵蛇，繳罪人頸。百肢節內，悉下長釘，拔舌耕犁，抽腸剉斬，洋銅灌口，熱鐵纏身。萬死千生，業感如是。動經億劫，求出無期。此界壞時，寄生他界。他界次壞，轉寄他方。他方壞時，展轉相寄。此界成后，還復而來。無間罪報，其事如是。
「又五事業感，故稱無間。何等為五？一者，日夜受罪，以至劫數，無時間絕，故稱無間。二者，一人亦滿，多人亦滿，故稱無間。三者，罪器叉棒，鷹蛇狼犬，碓磨鋸鑿，剉斫鑊湯，鐵網鐵繩，鐵驢鐵馬，生革絡首，熱鐵澆身，饑吞鐵丸，渴飲鐵汁。從年竟劫，數那由他，苦楚相連，更無間斷，故稱無間。四者，不問男子女人，羌胡夷狄，老幼貴賤，或龍或神，或天或鬼，罪行業感，悉同受之，故稱無間。五者，若墮此獄，從初入時，至百千劫，一日一夜，萬死萬生。求一念間，暫住不得。除非業盡，方得受生。以此連綿，故稱無間。」
地藏菩薩白聖母言：「無間地獄，粗說如是。若廣說地獄罪器等名，及諸苦事，一劫之中，求說不盡。」
摩耶夫人聞已，愁憂合掌，頂禮而退。
閻浮眾生業感品第四
爾時，地藏菩薩摩訶薩白佛言：「世尊！我承佛如來威神力故
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：或者擊中口鼻，或者擊中腹背，被拋向空中又翻轉接住，或者被放置在床上。又有鐵鷹，啄食罪人的眼睛。又有鐵蛇，纏繞罪人的脖子。全身的關節里，都釘入長釘，拔出舌頭用犁耕，抽出腸子剁碎，用滾燙的銅汁灌入口中，用燒紅的鐵纏繞身體。經歷萬次死亡和千次出生，都是業力感召所致。動輒經歷億萬劫，求出無期。此界毀滅時，寄生到其他世界。其他世界接著毀滅，又轉移寄生到其他地方。其他地方毀滅時，輾轉相寄。此界形成后，又會回來。無間地獄的罪報，就是這樣。 『又有五種業力感召，所以稱為無間。哪五種呢？第一，日夜受罪，直到劫數終了，沒有時間間斷，所以稱為無間。第二，一人受罪也充滿地獄，多人受罪也充滿地獄，所以稱為無間。第三，罪罰的器具，如叉棒、鷹蛇、狼犬、石碓、磨盤、鋸子、鑿子、剁刀、沸騰的湯鍋、鐵網、鐵繩、鐵驢、鐵馬，用生皮革捆綁頭頸，用燒紅的鐵水澆身，飢餓時吞食鐵丸，口渴時飲用鐵汁。從年到劫，數量多到無法計算，痛苦相連，沒有間斷，所以稱為無間。第四，不分男女，不分羌胡夷狄，不分老幼貴賤，無論是龍是神，是天是鬼，只要是罪業感召，都同樣受苦，所以稱為無間。第五，如果墮入此獄，從剛進入時，到百千劫，一日一夜，經歷萬次死亡和萬次出生。想求一念之間的暫住都不能，除非業力消盡，才能得以受生。因為這樣連綿不斷，所以稱為無間。』 地藏菩薩對聖母說：『無間地獄，粗略地說就是這樣。如果要詳細說地獄的罪器等名稱，以及各種苦難之事，即使一劫的時間，也說不完。』 摩耶夫人聽后，憂愁地合起手掌，頂禮後退下。 閻浮眾生業感品第四 這時，地藏菩薩摩訶薩對佛說：『世尊！我承蒙佛如來的威神之力，』
【English Translation】 English version: Or struck in the mouth and nose, or struck in the abdomen and back, tossed into the air and then caught again, or placed on a bed. There are also iron eagles that devour the eyes of the sinners. There are also iron snakes that coil around the necks of the sinners. In every joint of their bodies, long nails are driven in, their tongues are pulled out and plowed, their intestines are pulled out and chopped, molten copper is poured into their mouths, and their bodies are wrapped in hot iron. They experience ten thousand deaths and a thousand births, all due to the karmic retribution. They endure for hundreds of millions of kalpas (eons), with no hope of release. When this world is destroyed, they are reborn in another world. When that world is destroyed, they are transferred to another place. When that place is destroyed, they are transferred again and again. When this world is formed again, they return. The retribution of the Avici (無間) hell is like this. 'Furthermore, there are five karmic retributions, hence it is called Avici (無間). What are the five? First, they suffer day and night, until the end of the kalpa, without any interruption, hence it is called Avici (無間). Second, whether one person suffers or many, the hell is always full, hence it is called Avici (無間). Third, the instruments of punishment, such as forks, clubs, eagles, snakes, wolves, dogs, mortars, millstones, saws, chisels, choppers, boiling cauldrons, iron nets, iron ropes, iron donkeys, iron horses, raw leather binding the neck, hot iron poured on the body, swallowing iron balls when hungry, and drinking iron juice when thirsty. From year to kalpa, the number is countless, the suffering is continuous, without interruption, hence it is called Avici (無間). Fourth, regardless of whether they are men or women, Qiang (羌), Hu (胡), Yi (夷), Di (狄) barbarians, old or young, noble or lowly, whether they are dragons or gods, heavenly beings or ghosts, if they are subject to karmic retribution, they all suffer equally, hence it is called Avici (無間). Fifth, if one falls into this hell, from the moment they enter, for hundreds of thousands of kalpas, day and night, they experience ten thousand deaths and ten thousand births. They cannot even find a moment of respite. Only when their karma is exhausted can they be reborn. Because of this continuous suffering, it is called Avici (無間).' Ksitigarbha (地藏) Bodhisattva said to the Holy Mother, 'The Avici (無間) hell, roughly speaking, is like this. If one were to describe in detail the names of the instruments of punishment in hell, and the various sufferings, even in one kalpa, it would be impossible to finish.' Queen Maya (摩耶夫人), having heard this, clasped her hands in sorrow, bowed in reverence, and withdrew. Chapter Four: The Karmic Retribution of the Jambudvipa (閻浮) Beings At that time, Ksitigarbha (地藏) Bodhisattva Mahasattva said to the Buddha, 'World Honored One! I, relying on the majestic power of the Buddha Tathagata (如來),'
，遍百千萬億世界，分是身形，救拔一切業報眾生。若非如來大慈力故，即不能作如是變化。我今又蒙佛付囑，至阿逸多成佛已來，六道眾生，遣令度脫。唯然，世尊，愿不有慮。」
爾時，佛告地藏菩薩：「一切眾生，未解脫者，性識無定。惡習結業，善習結果，為善為惡，逐境而生。輪轉五道，暫無休息，動經塵劫，迷惑障難。如魚遊網，將是長流，脫入暫出，又復遭網。以是等輩，吾當憂念。汝既畢是往愿，累劫重誓，廣度罪輩，吾復何慮？」
說是語時，會中有一菩薩摩訶薩，名定自在王，白佛言：「世尊！地藏菩薩累劫已來，各發何愿？今蒙世尊，慇勤讚歎。唯愿世尊，略而說之。」
爾時，世尊告定自在王菩薩：「諦聽！諦聽！善思念之，吾當為汝，分別解說。乃往過去，無量阿僧祇那由他不可說劫，爾時有佛，號一切智成就如來——應供、正遍知、明行足、善逝、世間解、無上士、調御丈夫、天人師、佛、世尊，其佛壽命六萬劫。未出家時，為小國王，與一鄰國王為友，同行十善，饒益眾生。其鄰國內，所有人民，多造眾惡。二王議計，廣設方便。一王發願，早成佛道，當度是輩，令使無餘。一王發願，若不先度罪苦，令是安樂，得至菩提，我終未愿成佛。」
佛告定自在王
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：我能遍佈百千萬億個世界，分化出無數身形，救拔一切受業報的眾生。如果不是如來大慈大悲的力量，我不可能做到這樣的變化。我現在又蒙受佛的囑託，直到阿逸多（彌勒菩薩）成佛，都要引導六道眾生，讓他們得到解脫。所以，世尊，請您不必為此擔憂。 這時，佛告訴地藏菩薩：『一切尚未解脫的眾生，他們的心性和意識沒有定性。惡習會結成惡業，善習會結成善果，他們行善行惡，都隨著所處的環境而變化。他們在五道中輪迴，沒有片刻的休息，經歷無數劫的時間，迷惑而遭受障礙。就像魚在網中游動，即將被長流沖走，即使暫時逃脫，又會再次落入網中。對於這些眾生，我一直憂慮掛念。你既然已經完成了過去的誓願，累劫發下重誓，要廣度罪苦的眾生，我還有什麼可憂慮的呢？』 當佛說這些話的時候，法會中有一位菩薩摩訶薩，名叫定自在王，他向佛說道：『世尊！地藏菩薩從過去到現在，都發了什麼愿？今天蒙受世尊如此慇勤的讚歎。希望世尊能夠簡略地為我們說一說。』 這時，世尊告訴定自在王菩薩：『仔細聽！仔細聽！好好地思考，我將為你們分別解說。在過去無量阿僧祇那由他不可說劫之前，那時有一尊佛，號為一切智成就如來（如來十號之一，意為成就一切智慧的佛）——應供（應受人天供養）、正遍知（真正普遍知道一切）、明行足（智慧和修行都圓滿）、善逝（以智慧到達涅槃）、世間解（瞭解世間一切）、無上士（無上的人）、調御丈夫（能調伏眾生的大丈夫）、天人師（天人和人的導師）、佛（覺悟者）、世尊（世間最尊貴的人）。這尊佛的壽命有六萬劫。他未出家時，是一位小國王，與一位鄰國的國王是朋友，他們一起奉行十善，饒益眾生。他們的鄰國中，所有的人民，大多造作各種惡業。兩位國王商議，廣設方便。一位國王發願，要早日成就佛道，來度脫這些眾生，讓他們沒有遺漏。另一位國王發願，如果不能先度脫罪苦的眾生，讓他們得到安樂，到達菩提，我終究不願成佛。』 佛告訴定自在王
【English Translation】 English version: I can manifest throughout hundreds of thousands of millions of worlds, dividing my form to rescue all sentient beings suffering from karmic retribution. If it were not for the great compassionate power of the Tathagata, I could not perform such transformations. Now, I have also received the Buddha's entrustment to guide the beings of the six realms to liberation until Ajita (Maitreya Bodhisattva) attains Buddhahood. Therefore, World Honored One, please do not have any worries. At that time, the Buddha said to Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, 'All sentient beings who have not yet attained liberation have unstable natures and consciousness. Evil habits lead to the formation of evil karma, while good habits lead to good results. Whether they do good or evil, it arises according to their circumstances. They revolve in the five paths of rebirth without a moment's rest, passing through countless kalpas, confused and encountering obstacles. Like fish swimming in a net, they are about to be carried away by the long current. Even if they temporarily escape, they will fall into the net again. I am always concerned and worried about these beings. Since you have fulfilled your past vows, and have made solemn vows over many kalpas to extensively liberate beings suffering from sin, what is there for me to worry about?' When the Buddha spoke these words, a Bodhisattva Mahasattva named King of Fixed Freedom, in the assembly, said to the Buddha, 'World Honored One! What vows has Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva made from the past until now? Today, he has received such earnest praise from the World Honored One. We hope that the World Honored One can briefly tell us about it.' At that time, the World Honored One said to King of Fixed Freedom Bodhisattva, 'Listen carefully! Listen carefully! Think well about it, and I will explain it to you in detail. In the past, immeasurable asamkhya nayuta unspeakable kalpas ago, there was a Buddha named All-Wisdom Accomplished Tathagata (one of the ten titles of a Buddha, meaning a Buddha who has accomplished all wisdom) - Worthy of Offerings (worthy of receiving offerings from humans and gods), Right and Universal Knowledge (truly and universally knows everything), Perfect in Wisdom and Conduct (both wisdom and practice are perfect), Well-Gone (having reached Nirvana with wisdom), Understanding of the World (understanding everything in the world), Unsurpassed One (the unsurpassed person), Tamer of Men (a great person who can tame sentient beings), Teacher of Gods and Humans (a teacher of gods and humans), Buddha (an enlightened one), World Honored One (the most honored one in the world). The lifespan of that Buddha was sixty thousand kalpas. Before he left home, he was a small king, and he was friends with a king of a neighboring country. Together, they practiced the ten virtues and benefited sentient beings. In their neighboring country, most of the people committed various evil deeds. The two kings discussed and devised various methods. One king vowed to attain Buddhahood early to liberate these beings, leaving none behind. The other king vowed that if he could not first liberate beings suffering from sin, and bring them peace and lead them to Bodhi, he would never wish to attain Buddhahood.' The Buddha told King of Fixed Freedom
菩薩：「一王發願早成佛者，即一切智成就如來是。一王發願永度罪苦眾生，未愿成佛者，即地藏菩薩是。復於過去，無量阿僧祇劫，有佛出世，名清凈蓮華目如來，其佛壽命四十劫。像法之中，有一羅漢，福度眾生。因次教化，遇一女人，字曰光目，設食供養。羅漢問之：『欲愿何等？』光目答言：『我以母亡之日，資福救拔，未知我母生處何趣？』羅漢愍之，為入定觀，見光目女母墮在惡趣，受極大苦。羅漢問光目言：『汝母在生，作何行業？今在惡趣，受極大苦。』光目答言：『我母所習，唯好食啖魚鱉之屬。所食魚鱉多食其子，或炒或煮，恣情食啖。計其命數，千萬復倍。尊者慈愍，如何哀救？』羅漢愍之，為作方便，勸光目言：『汝可志誠念清凈蓮華目如來，兼塑畫形像，存亡獲報。』
「光目聞已，即舍所愛，尋畫佛像，而供養之。復恭敬心，悲泣瞻禮。忽于夜后，夢見佛身，金色晃耀，如須彌山，放大光明，而告光目：『汝母不久，當生汝家，才覺飢寒，即當言說。』
「其後家內，婢生一子，未滿三日，而乃言說，稽首悲泣，告于光目：『生死業緣，果報自受。吾是汝母，久處闇冥，自別汝來，累墮大地獄。蒙汝福力，方得受生。為下賤人，又復短命，壽年十三，更落惡道。汝有何計，
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 菩薩說：『一位國王發願早日成佛，他就是成就一切智慧的如來（Tathagata，佛的稱號）。一位國王發願永遠救度受罪受苦的眾生，不願先成佛，他就是地藏菩薩（Ksitigarbha，佛教中一位重要的菩薩）。』 『又在過去無量阿僧祇劫（asamkhya kalpa，極長的時間單位）之前，有一位佛出世，名為清凈蓮華目如來（Pure Lotus Eye Tathagata），這位佛的壽命有四十劫。在像法時期（佛法衰落時期），有一位羅漢（arhat，已證得阿羅漢果位的修行者）在度化眾生。他依次教化時，遇到一位名叫光目的女子，她設齋供養羅漢。羅漢問她：『你希望得到什麼願望？』光目回答說：『我爲了救拔我亡故的母親，想為她積福，但不知道我母親投生到哪一道去了？』羅漢憐憫她，就入定觀察，看到光目女的母親墮落在惡道，遭受極大的痛苦。羅漢問光目說：『你母親在世時，做了什麼行業？現在在惡道，遭受極大的痛苦。』光目回答說：『我母親的習性，只是喜歡吃魚鱉之類的東西。所吃的魚鱉大多吃它們的幼子，或炒或煮，恣意地吃。算起來，她所吃的生命數量，有千萬倍之多。尊者慈悲憐憫，如何才能救她？』羅漢憐憫她，就為她想辦法，勸光目說：『你可以真心誠意地念清凈蓮華目如來的名號，並且塑造或繪畫他的形像，這樣，生者和亡者都能得到福報。』 『光目聽了之後，就捨棄了自己所喜愛的東西，立刻畫了佛像，並供養它。她又以恭敬的心，悲傷地哭泣著瞻仰禮拜。忽然在夜裡，她夢見佛身，金光閃耀，像須彌山（Sumeru，佛教中的聖山）一樣，放出大光明，告訴光目說：『你母親不久將投生到你家，剛感覺到飢寒時，就會說話。』 『之後，她家裡的婢女生了一個孩子，不到三天，就開口說話了，叩頭悲泣，告訴光目說：『生死業緣，果報自受。我是你的母親，長期處於黑暗之中，自從和你分別后，多次墮入大地獄。蒙受你的福力，才得以投生。現在作為**人，又將短命，壽命只有十三年，之後還會墮入惡道。你有什麼辦法，』
【English Translation】 English version A Bodhisattva said: 'A king who vowed to achieve Buddhahood early is the Tathagata (Buddha's title) who achieves all wisdom. A king who vowed to forever liberate sentient beings from suffering and did not wish to achieve Buddhahood first is Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva (a major Bodhisattva in Buddhism).' 'Furthermore, in the past, countless asamkhya kalpas (an extremely long unit of time) ago, there was a Buddha who appeared in the world named Pure Lotus Eye Tathagata. This Buddha's lifespan was forty kalpas. During the Dharma-image period (the period of decline of the Dharma), there was an arhat (a practitioner who has attained the state of arhat) who was liberating sentient beings. While teaching in succession, he encountered a woman named Guangmu, who offered him food. The arhat asked her, 'What do you wish for?' Guangmu replied, 'I wish to accumulate merit to save my deceased mother, but I do not know where my mother has been reborn.' The arhat took pity on her and entered into meditative concentration, and saw that Guangmu's mother had fallen into an evil realm, suffering greatly. The arhat asked Guangmu, 'What kind of actions did your mother do in her lifetime? Now she is in an evil realm, suffering greatly.' Guangmu replied, 'My mother's habit was only to enjoy eating fish and turtles. The fish and turtles she ate mostly had their young eaten, either stir-fried or boiled, indulging in eating them. Counting the number of lives, it is more than ten million times. Venerable one, with your compassion, how can she be saved?' The arhat took pity on her and devised a method, advising Guangmu, 'You can sincerely recite the name of Pure Lotus Eye Tathagata, and also sculpt or paint his image. In this way, both the living and the deceased will receive blessings.' 'Upon hearing this, Guangmu immediately gave up what she loved, and quickly painted a Buddha image and made offerings to it. She also, with a respectful heart, tearfully prostrated and paid homage. Suddenly, in the night, she dreamt of the Buddha's body, golden and radiant, like Mount Sumeru (a sacred mountain in Buddhism), emitting great light, and told Guangmu, 'Your mother will soon be reborn into your family. As soon as she feels hunger and cold, she will speak.' 'Afterwards, a maid in her household gave birth to a child, and within three days, the child spoke, bowing her head and weeping, telling Guangmu, 'The karmic causes of birth and death, the consequences are self-received. I am your mother, having been in darkness for a long time. Since separating from you, I have fallen into the great hells many times. Because of your merit, I was able to be reborn. Now, as a **person, I will have a short life, only thirteen years, and then I will fall into evil realms again. What can you do?'
令吾脫免？』光目聞說，知母無疑，哽咽悲啼，而白婢子：『既是我母，合知本罪，作何行業，墮于惡道？』婢子答言：『以殺害毀罵二業受報。若非蒙福，救拔吾難，以是業故，未合解脫。』光目問言：『地獄罪報，其事云何？』婢子答言：『罪苦之事，不忍稱說，百千歲中，卒白難竟。』
「光目聞已，啼淚號泣，而白空界：『愿我之母，永脫地獄。畢十三歲，更無重罪，及歷惡道。十方諸佛，慈哀愍我，聽我為母所發廣大誓願：若得我母永離三塗，及斯下賤，乃至女人之身，永劫不受者，愿我自今日後，對清凈蓮華目如來像前，卻後百千萬億劫中，應有世界，所有地獄，及三惡道，諸罪苦眾生，誓願救拔，令離地獄惡趣、畜生、餓鬼等。如是罪報等人，盡成佛竟，我然後方成正覺。』
「發誓愿已，具聞清凈蓮華目如來而告之曰：『光目！汝大慈愍，善能為母發如是大愿。吾觀汝母，十三歲畢，舍此報已，生為梵志，壽年百歲。過是報后，當生無憂國土，壽命不可計劫。后成佛果，廣度人天，數如恒河沙。』」
佛告定自在王：「爾時羅漢福度光目者，即無盡意菩薩是。光目母者，即解脫菩薩是。光目女者，即地藏菩薩是。過去久遠劫中，如是慈愍發恒河沙愿，廣度眾生。
「未來世
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 『誰能讓我脫離苦難？』光目聽了這話，知道是自己的母親無疑，哽咽悲啼，對婢女說：『既然是我的母親，應該知道自己犯下的罪過，做了什麼行業，才墮入惡道？』婢女回答說：『因為殺害和毀罵這兩種惡業而受報。如果不是蒙受福德，救拔你的母親脫離苦難，憑著這些惡業，還不能解脫。』光目問道：『地獄的罪報，究竟是怎樣的？』婢女回答說：『罪苦的事情，實在不忍心說，即使說上百千歲，也難以說完。』 光目聽了之後，哭泣號啕，對著天空說道：『愿我的母親，永遠脫離地獄。在十三年結束后，不再有更重的罪業，也不再經歷惡道。十方諸佛，慈悲憐憫我，請聽我為母親所發的廣大誓願：如果我的母親能夠永遠脫離地獄、餓鬼、畜生三惡道，以及卑賤的身份，乃至永遠不再受女人之身，我願從今日起，在清凈蓮華目如來像前，在之後百千萬億劫中，所有世界，所有地獄，以及三惡道中，所有受罪苦的眾生，我發誓愿救拔他們，讓他們脫離地獄、惡趣、畜生、餓鬼等苦。像這樣受罪報的眾生，全部成佛之後，我才成就正覺。』 發誓愿后，聽見清凈蓮華目如來告訴她說：『光目！你真是大慈大悲，善於為母親發出如此大愿。我看你的母親，十三年結束后，捨棄這個報身，將轉生為梵志（婆羅門），壽命一百歲。過了這個報身之後，將轉生到無憂國土，壽命不可計數。之後將成就佛果，廣度人天，數量如恒河沙。』 佛告訴定自在王：『當時度化光目的羅漢，就是無盡意菩薩。光目的母親，就是解脫菩薩。光目女，就是地藏菩薩。在過去久遠劫中，他們如此慈悲憐憫，發下如恒河沙數般的誓願，廣度眾生。 未來世
【English Translation】 English version 'Who can deliver me from this suffering?' Upon hearing this, Guangmu (Light Eyes) knew it was undoubtedly her mother, and, choked with sobs, she said to the maidservant, 'Since she is my mother, she should know her own sins. What kind of actions did she commit to fall into the evil realms?' The maidservant replied, 'She is suffering retribution for the two evil karmas of killing and slander. If not for the blessings that have rescued her from this difficulty, she would not be able to be released because of these karmas.' Guangmu asked, 'What are the retributions of hell like?' The maidservant replied, 'The suffering of the sins is unbearable to describe; even if I spoke for hundreds of thousands of years, I could not finish telling it all.' Upon hearing this, Guangmu wept and wailed, and said to the empty space, 'May my mother be forever freed from hell. After thirteen years, may she have no more heavy sins, nor experience the evil realms again. May the Buddhas of the ten directions, with their compassion and pity, hear the great vows I make for my mother: If my mother can be forever freed from the three evil paths of hell, hungry ghosts, and animals, and from lowly status, and never again receive a woman's body, I vow from this day forward, before the image of the Tathagata Pure Lotus Eyes, that in the hundreds of millions of kalpas to come, in all worlds, all hells, and the three evil paths, I will vow to rescue all sentient beings suffering from sins, and lead them away from hell, evil realms, animals, and hungry ghosts. Only after all beings who suffer such retributions have become Buddhas, will I then attain perfect enlightenment.' After making these vows, she heard the Tathagata Pure Lotus Eyes tell her, 'Guangmu! You are truly compassionate and merciful, and are skilled in making such great vows for your mother. I see that after thirteen years, your mother will leave this retribution body and be reborn as a Brahmin (Brahmin), with a lifespan of one hundred years. After this retribution, she will be reborn in the Land of No Sorrow, with a lifespan that cannot be counted in kalpas. Later, she will attain Buddhahood and widely liberate humans and devas, as numerous as the sands of the Ganges.' The Buddha told King Samadhi-Sovereign, 'The Arhat who at that time delivered Guangmu was the Bodhisattva Inexhaustible Intent. Guangmu's mother was the Bodhisattva Liberation. Guangmu's daughter was the Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha. In the distant past, they were so compassionate and merciful, making vows as numerous as the sands of the Ganges, to widely liberate sentient beings.' In the future world
中，若有男子女人，不行善者，行惡者，乃至不信因果者，邪淫妄語者，兩舌惡口者，譭謗大乘者，如是諸業眾生，必墮惡趣。若遇善知識，勸令一彈指間歸依地藏菩薩，是諸眾生，即得解脫三惡道報。若能志心歸敬，及瞻禮讚嘆，香華衣服，種種珍寶，或復飲食，如是奉事者，未來百千萬億劫中，常在諸天受勝妙樂。若天福盡，下生人間，猶百千劫，常為帝王，能憶宿命因果本末。定自在王，如是地藏菩薩，有如此不可思議大威神力，廣利眾生，汝等諸菩薩，當記是經，廣宣流佈。」
定自在王白佛言：「世尊！愿不有慮。我等千萬億菩薩摩訶薩，必能承佛威神，廣演是經于閻浮提，利益眾生。」
定自在王菩薩白世尊已，合掌恭敬，作禮而退。
爾時，四方天王，俱從座起，合掌恭敬，白佛言：「世尊！地藏菩薩于久遠劫來，發如是大愿，云何至今，猶度未絕，更發廣大誓言？唯愿世尊，為我等說。」
佛告四天王：「善哉！善哉！吾今為汝，及未來現在天人眾等，廣利益故，說地藏菩薩于娑婆世界，閻浮提內，生死道中，慈哀救拔，度脫一切罪苦眾生方便之事。」
四天王言：「唯然，世尊！愿樂欲聞。」
佛告四天王：「地藏菩薩久遠劫來，迄至於今，度脫眾生，猶未
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：佛說，如果男子女人中，有人不行善事，反而做惡事，甚至不相信因果報應，邪淫、說謊，挑撥離間、惡語傷人，誹謗大乘佛法，像這樣造作惡業的眾生，必定會墮入惡道。如果他們能遇到善知識，勸導他們哪怕只在一彈指的時間內皈依地藏菩薩（Ksitigarbha），這些眾生就能立即解脫三惡道的果報。如果能夠真心誠意地皈依敬奉，並且瞻仰禮拜、讚歎地藏菩薩，用香、花、衣服、各種珍寶，或者食物等來供奉，那麼在未來百千萬億劫中，他們將常常在諸天享受殊勝美妙的快樂。如果天福享盡，下生到人間，仍然會在百千劫中常常做帝王，並且能夠回憶起前世的因果始末。定自在王（Samadhi-Susthita-Raja），地藏菩薩就是這樣具有不可思議的強大威神力量，廣泛利益眾生，你們這些菩薩，應當記住這部經，廣泛地宣揚流佈。 定自在王菩薩對佛說：『世尊！請您不必擔憂。我們千萬億菩薩摩訶薩，必定能夠承蒙佛的威神之力，在閻浮提（Jambudvipa）廣泛演說這部經，利益眾生。』 定自在王菩薩對世尊說完后，合掌恭敬，頂禮而退。 這時，四方天王（Caturmaharajakayikas），一同從座位上站起來，合掌恭敬，對佛說：『世尊！地藏菩薩在久遠劫以來，發下如此宏大的誓願，為什麼到現在，仍然沒有度盡眾生，還要再次發下廣大的誓言？希望世尊為我們解說。』 佛告訴四天王：『很好！很好！我現在爲了你們，以及未來現在的一切天人和眾生，爲了廣泛利益他們，要說地藏菩薩在娑婆世界（Sahaloka），在閻浮提內，在生死輪迴中，慈悲哀憫地救拔、度脫一切罪苦眾生的方便法門。』 四天王說：『是的，世尊！我們非常樂意聽聞。』 佛告訴四天王：『地藏菩薩在久遠劫以來，直到現在，度脫眾生，仍然沒有
【English Translation】 English version: The Buddha said, 'If among men and women, there are those who do not perform good deeds, but instead do evil, even those who do not believe in cause and effect, who engage in sexual misconduct, tell lies, sow discord, speak harsh words, and slander the Mahayana teachings, such beings who create these karmic actions will surely fall into evil realms. If they encounter a good teacher who advises them to take refuge in Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva (Earth Store Bodhisattva) even for the time it takes to snap one's fingers, these beings will immediately be liberated from the retribution of the three evil paths. If they can sincerely take refuge and pay homage, and gaze upon, praise, and offer incense, flowers, clothing, various treasures, or even food, then in the future hundreds of thousands of millions of kalpas, they will always enjoy supreme bliss in the heavens. If their heavenly blessings are exhausted and they are reborn in the human realm, they will still be emperors for hundreds of thousands of kalpas, and they will be able to remember the causes and effects of their past lives. Samadhi-Susthita-Raja (King of Fixed Concentration), Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva has such inconceivable great spiritual power, extensively benefiting sentient beings. You bodhisattvas should remember this sutra and widely propagate it.' Samadhi-Susthita-Raja Bodhisattva said to the Buddha, 'World Honored One! Please do not worry. We, millions of billions of bodhisattva mahasattvas, will surely be able to uphold the Buddha's majestic power and widely expound this sutra in Jambudvipa (the world), benefiting sentient beings.' After Samadhi-Susthita-Raja Bodhisattva finished speaking to the World Honored One, he joined his palms in reverence, bowed, and withdrew. At that time, the Four Heavenly Kings (Caturmaharajakayikas), all rose from their seats, joined their palms in reverence, and said to the Buddha, 'World Honored One! Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva has made such great vows since countless kalpas ago, why is it that even now, he has not yet finished liberating all beings, and continues to make vast vows? We beseech the World Honored One to explain this to us.' The Buddha told the Four Heavenly Kings, 'Excellent! Excellent! Now, for the sake of you, and for the sake of all beings in the heavens and the human realm, both present and future, and for their extensive benefit, I will speak about the expedient means by which Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, in the Saha world (the world we live in), within Jambudvipa, in the cycle of birth and death, compassionately rescues and liberates all sentient beings from their suffering and afflictions.' The Four Heavenly Kings said, 'Yes, World Honored One! We are eager to hear.' The Buddha told the Four Heavenly Kings, 'Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, from countless kalpas ago until now, has been liberating sentient beings, and still has not
畢愿。慈愍此世罪苦眾生，復觀未來無量劫中，因蔓不斷，以是之故，又發重愿。如是菩薩，于娑婆世界，閻浮提中，百千萬億方便，而為教化。
「四天王！地藏菩薩若遇殺生者，說宿殃短命報。若遇竊盜者，說貧窮苦楚報。若遇邪淫者，說雀鴿鴛鴦報。若遇惡口者，說眷屬斗諍報。若遇譭謗者，說無舌瘡口報。若遇瞋恚者，說醜陋癃殘報。若遇慳吝者，說所求違愿報。若遇飲食無度者，說飢渴咽病報。若遇畋獵恣情者，說驚狂喪命報。若遇悖逆父母者，說天地災殺報。若遇燒山林木者，說狂迷取死報。若遇前後父母惡毒者，說返生鞭撻現受報。若遇網捕生雛者，說骨肉分離報。若遇譭謗三寶者，說盲聾瘖啞報。若遇輕法慢教者，說永處惡道報。若遇破用常住者，說億劫輪迴地獄報。若遇污梵誣僧者，說永在畜生報。若遇湯火斬斫傷生者，說輪迴遞償報。若遇破戒犯齋者，說禽獸飢餓報。若遇非理毀用者，說所求闕絕報。若遇吾我貢高者，說卑使下賤報。若遇兩舌斗亂者，說無舌百舌報。若遇邪見者，說邊地受生報。
「如是等閻浮提眾生，身口意業，惡習結果，百千報應，今粗略說。如是等閻浮提眾生，業感差別，地藏菩薩百千方便，而教化之。是諸眾生，先受如是等報，后墮地獄，動經劫數，無有
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：發願完畢。他慈悲憐憫這個世界受罪受苦的眾生，又看到未來無量劫中，因果的蔓延不會斷絕，因此，又發下更深重的誓願。這樣的菩薩，在娑婆世界（指我們所處的世界），閻浮提（指我們所處的洲）中，用千千萬萬種方便法門，來教化眾生。 『四天王（佛教的護法神）！地藏菩薩如果遇到殺生的人，就說他會得到前世的罪業導致的短命報應。如果遇到偷盜的人，就說他會得到貧窮困苦的報應。如果遇到邪淫的人，就說他會得到像麻雀、鴿子、鴛鴦一樣的報應。如果遇到惡語傷人的人，就說他會得到眷屬之間爭鬥的報應。如果遇到誹謗他人的人，就說他會得到沒有舌頭或口生瘡的報應。如果遇到嗔恨心重的人，就說他會得到醜陋殘疾的報應。如果遇到吝嗇的人，就說他會得到所求不遂的報應。如果遇到飲食沒有節制的人，就說他會得到飢渴和咽喉疾病的報應。如果遇到恣意打獵的人，就說他會得到驚恐發狂而喪命的報應。如果遇到忤逆父母的人，就說他會得到天地災禍的報應。如果遇到焚燒山林的人，就說他會得到精神錯亂而死的報應。如果遇到對前任或現任父母惡毒的人，就說他會得到來世被鞭打的報應。如果遇到捕捉幼鳥的人，就說他會得到骨肉分離的報應。如果遇到誹謗佛法僧三寶的人，就說他會得到盲、聾、啞的報應。如果遇到輕視佛法、怠慢教誨的人，就說他會永遠墮入惡道的報應。如果遇到破壞或濫用常住財物的人，就說他會得到億劫輪迴地獄的報應。如果遇到玷污清凈修行者或誣陷僧人的人，就說他會永遠墮入畜生道的報應。如果遇到用開水、火、刀劍等傷害生命的人，就說他會得到輪迴償還的報應。如果遇到破戒犯齋的人，就說他會得到像禽獸一樣飢餓的報應。如果遇到不合理地毀壞或使用物品的人，就說他會得到所求缺乏的報應。如果遇到自高自大的人，就說他會得到卑賤的奴僕報應。如果遇到挑撥離間的人，就說他會得到沒有舌頭或多舌的報應。如果遇到邪見的人，就說他會得到在邊遠地區出生的報應。』 『像這樣的閻浮提眾生，他們的身、口、意所造的惡業，會產生各種各樣的報應，現在只是粗略地說一下。像這樣的閻浮提眾生，因為業力感召而有差別，地藏菩薩會用千百種方便法門來教化他們。這些眾生，先要承受這些報應，然後墮入地獄，經歷漫長的劫數，沒有盡頭。』
【English Translation】 English version: Having completed his vows, he compassionately pities the suffering beings of this world, and seeing that the cycle of cause and effect will continue unbroken in the immeasurable future kalpas, he makes further profound vows. Such a Bodhisattva, in the Saha world (the world we inhabit), in Jambudvipa (the continent we inhabit), uses hundreds of thousands of expedient means to teach and transform beings. 'Four Heavenly Kings (Buddhist guardian deities)! If Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva encounters those who kill, he tells them of the retribution of a short life due to past misdeeds. If he encounters those who steal, he tells them of the retribution of poverty and suffering. If he encounters those who engage in sexual misconduct, he tells them of the retribution of being like sparrows, pigeons, or mandarin ducks. If he encounters those who speak harshly, he tells them of the retribution of strife among family members. If he encounters those who slander, he tells them of the retribution of having no tongue or sores in the mouth. If he encounters those who are full of anger, he tells them of the retribution of being ugly and disabled. If he encounters those who are stingy, he tells them of the retribution of not having their wishes fulfilled. If he encounters those who are immoderate in eating and drinking, he tells them of the retribution of hunger, thirst, and throat diseases. If he encounters those who indulge in hunting, he tells them of the retribution of dying in a state of panic and madness. If he encounters those who are disobedient to their parents, he tells them of the retribution of natural disasters. If he encounters those who burn forests, he tells them of the retribution of dying in a state of delusion. If he encounters those who are malicious towards their former or current parents, he tells them of the retribution of being whipped in their next life. If he encounters those who capture baby birds, he tells them of the retribution of separation from their loved ones. If he encounters those who slander the Triple Gem (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha), he tells them of the retribution of being blind, deaf, and mute. If he encounters those who disrespect the Dharma and are negligent in teachings, he tells them of the retribution of being in evil realms forever. If he encounters those who destroy or misuse the property of the Sangha, he tells them of the retribution of being in hell for countless kalpas. If he encounters those who defile pure practitioners or falsely accuse monks, he tells them of the retribution of being in the animal realm forever. If he encounters those who harm living beings with boiling water, fire, or swords, he tells them of the retribution of repaying in the cycle of rebirth. If he encounters those who break precepts and fasts, he tells them of the retribution of being hungry like animals. If he encounters those who destroy or use things improperly, he tells them of the retribution of lacking what they seek. If he encounters those who are arrogant, he tells them of the retribution of being a lowly servant. If he encounters those who sow discord with double tongues, he tells them of the retribution of having no tongue or many tongues. If he encounters those who have wrong views, he tells them of the retribution of being born in remote areas.' 'Such are the beings of Jambudvipa, whose evil deeds of body, speech, and mind result in various retributions, which I have only briefly described. Because of the differences in karmic influences, Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva uses hundreds of thousands of expedient means to teach and transform these beings. These beings first experience these retributions, and then fall into hell, where they remain for countless kalpas without end.'
出期。是故汝等，護人護國，無令是諸眾業，迷惑眾生。」
四天王聞已，涕淚悲嘆，合掌而退。
地獄名號品第五
爾時，普賢菩薩摩訶薩白地藏菩薩言：「仁者！愿為天龍四眾，及未來現在一切眾生，說娑婆世界及閻浮提罪苦眾生，所受報處地獄名號，及惡報等事，使未來世末法眾生，知是果報。」
地藏答言：「仁者！我今承佛威神，及大士之力，略說地獄名號，及罪報惡報之事。仁者，閻浮提東方有山，號曰鐵圍，其山黑邃，無日月光。有大地獄，號極無間。又有地獄，名大阿鼻。復有地獄，名曰四角。復有地獄，名曰飛刀。復有地獄，名曰火箭。復有地獄，名曰夾山。復有地獄，名曰通槍。復有地獄，名曰鐵車。復有地獄，名曰鐵床。復有地獄，名曰鐵牛。復有地獄，名曰鐵衣。復有地獄，名曰千刃。復有地獄，名曰鐵驢。復有地獄，名曰洋銅。復有地獄，名曰抱柱。復有地獄，名曰流火。復有地獄，名曰耕舌。復有地獄，名為剉首。復有地獄，名曰燒腳。復有地獄，名曰啖眼。復有地獄，名曰鐵丸。復有地獄，名曰諍論。復有地獄，名曰鐵鈇。復有地獄，名曰多瞋。」
地藏白言：「仁者！鐵圍之內，有如是等地獄，其數無限。更有叫喚地獄、拔舌地獄、糞尿地獄、銅鎖
【現代漢語翻譯】 因此，你們要守護人民，守護國家，不要讓這些眾多的惡業，迷惑眾生。 四大天王聽了這些話，悲傷地流著眼淚，合掌退下。
地獄名號品第五
這時，普賢菩薩摩訶薩（Mahāsattva，偉大的菩薩）對地藏菩薩說：『仁者！希望您為天龍四眾（天眾、龍眾、夜叉眾、乾闥婆眾），以及未來和現在的一切眾生，講述娑婆世界（Saha world，我們所居住的這個世界）和閻浮提（Jambudvipa，我們所居住的這個大陸）的罪苦眾生，所受報應的地方，也就是地獄的名稱，以及惡報等事情，使未來末法時代的眾生，知道這些果報。』 地藏菩薩回答說：『仁者！我現在承蒙佛的威神之力，以及大士（菩薩）的力量，簡略地說一下地獄的名稱，以及罪報惡報的事情。仁者，在閻浮提的東方，有一座山，叫做鐵圍山（Cakravāda），這座山黑暗深邃，沒有日月的光芒。那裡有一個大地獄，叫做極無間（Avīci）。又有一個地獄，叫做大阿鼻（Mahā-Avīci）。還有一個地獄，叫做四角。還有一個地獄，叫做飛刀。還有一個地獄，叫做火箭。還有一個地獄，叫做夾山。還有一個地獄，叫做通槍。還有一個地獄，叫做鐵車。還有一個地獄，叫做鐵床。還有一個地獄，叫做鐵牛。還有一個地獄，叫做鐵衣。還有一個地獄，叫做千刃。還有一個地獄，叫做鐵驢。還有一個地獄，叫做洋銅。還有一個地獄，叫做抱柱。還有一個地獄，叫做流火。還有一個地獄，叫做耕舌。還有一個地獄，叫做剉首。還有一個地獄，叫做燒腳。還有一個地獄，叫做啖眼。還有一個地獄，叫做鐵丸。還有一個地獄，叫做諍論。還有一個地獄，叫做鐵鈇。還有一個地獄，叫做多瞋。』 地藏菩薩說：『仁者！在鐵圍山之內，有像這樣的地獄，數量無限。還有叫喚地獄、拔舌地獄、糞尿地獄、銅鎖地獄、
【English Translation】 Therefore, you all should protect the people and protect the country, and not let these numerous evil karmas confuse sentient beings. Having heard these words, the Four Heavenly Kings wept with sorrow, joined their palms, and retreated.
Chapter Five: Names of the Hells
At that time, Bodhisattva Mahāsattva Samantabhadra (Universal Worthy Bodhisattva) said to Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha (Earth Treasury Bodhisattva): 'Benevolent One! May you, for the sake of the four assemblies of gods and dragons (devas, nāgas, yakshas, gandharvas), and all sentient beings of the future and present, speak of the places of retribution suffered by the sinful and suffering beings of the Saha world and Jambudvipa, that is, the names of the hells, and the matters of evil retribution, so that sentient beings of the future Dharma-ending age may know these karmic retributions.' Ksitigarbha replied: 'Benevolent One! I now, relying on the majestic power of the Buddha, and the strength of the great Bodhisattvas, will briefly speak of the names of the hells, and the matters of karmic retribution and evil retribution. Benevolent One, to the east of Jambudvipa, there is a mountain called the Iron Encircling Mountain (Cakravāda), this mountain is dark and deep, without the light of the sun and moon. There is a great hell there, called Avīci (Uninterrupted). There is also a hell called Mahā-Avīci (Great Avīci). There is also a hell called Four Corners. There is also a hell called Flying Knives. There is also a hell called Fire Arrows. There is also a hell called Crushing Mountains. There is also a hell called Piercing Spears. There is also a hell called Iron Chariots. There is also a hell called Iron Beds. There is also a hell called Iron Oxen. There is also a hell called Iron Clothes. There is also a hell called Thousand Blades. There is also a hell called Iron Donkeys. There is also a hell called Molten Copper. There is also a hell called Embracing Pillars. There is also a hell called Flowing Fire. There is also a hell called Plowing Tongues. There is also a hell called Chopping Heads. There is also a hell called Burning Feet. There is also a hell called Devouring Eyes. There is also a hell called Iron Balls. There is also a hell called Disputes. There is also a hell called Iron Axes. There is also a hell called Much Anger.' Ksitigarbha said: 'Benevolent One! Within the Iron Encircling Mountain, there are such hells, their number is limitless. There are also the hells of Crying Out, Pulling Tongues, Excrement and Urine, Copper Chains,
地獄、火象地獄、火狗地獄、火馬地獄、火牛地獄、火山地獄、火石地獄、火床地獄、火梁地獄、火鷹地獄、鋸牙地獄、剝皮地獄、飲血地獄、燒手地獄、燒腳地獄、倒刺地獄、火屋地獄、鐵屋地獄、火狼地獄。如是等地獄，其中各各復有諸小地獄，或一或二，或三或四，乃至百千。其中名號，各各不同。」
地藏菩薩告普賢菩薩言：「仁者！此者皆是南閻浮提行惡眾生，業感如是。業力甚大，能敵須彌，能深巨海，能障聖道。是故眾生莫輕小惡，以為無罪，死後有報，纖毫受之。父子至親，岐路各別，縱然相逢，無肯代受。我今承佛威力，略說地獄罪報之事。唯愿仁者，暫聽是言。」
普賢答言：「吾已久知三惡道報，望仁者說，令後世末法一切惡行眾生，聞仁者說，使令歸佛。」地藏白言：「仁者！地獄罪報，其事如是：或有地獄，取罪人舌，使牛耕之。或有地獄，取罪人心，夜叉食之。或有地獄，鑊湯盛沸，煮罪人身。或有地獄，赤燒銅柱，使罪人抱。或有地獄，使諸火燒，趁及罪人。或有地獄，一向寒冰。或有地獄，無限糞尿。或有地獄，純飛𨪏鏫。或有地獄，多攢火槍。或有地獄，唯撞胸背。或有地獄，但燒手足。或有地獄，盤繳鐵蛇。或有地獄，驅逐鐵狗。或有地獄，盡駕鐵騾。仁者，如是
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 『地獄』（Naraka），『火象地獄』（Agni-gaja Naraka），『火狗地獄』（Agni-shvana Naraka），『火馬地獄』（Agni-ashva Naraka），『火牛地獄』（Agni-go Naraka），『火山地獄』（Agni-parvata Naraka），『火石地獄』（Agni-shila Naraka），『火床地獄』（Agni-shayana Naraka），『火梁地獄』（Agni-danda Naraka），『火鷹地獄』（Agni-shakuna Naraka），『鋸牙地獄』（Krakacha-danta Naraka），『剝皮地獄』（Charma-karshana Naraka），『飲血地獄』（Rakta-pana Naraka），『燒手地獄』（Hasta-dahana Naraka），『燒腳地獄』（Pada-dahana Naraka），『倒刺地獄』（Kantaka Naraka），『火屋地獄』（Agni-griha Naraka），『鐵屋地獄』（Ayas-griha Naraka），『火狼地獄』（Agni-vrka Naraka）。像這樣的地獄，每一個裡面又各自有許多小地獄，或者一個，或者兩個，或者三個四個，乃至成百上千。它們的名字，也各自不同。 地藏菩薩（Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva）告訴普賢菩薩（Samantabhadra Bodhisattva）說：『仁者！這些都是南閻浮提（Jambudvipa）作惡的眾生，因其業力感召而受此果報。業力非常強大，能與須彌山（Sumeru）匹敵，能深過巨海，能障礙聖道。所以眾生不要輕視小惡，認為沒有罪過，死後會有報應，哪怕是極小的罪過也會受到懲罰。父子至親，死後也會各走各的路，即使相遇，也沒有人願意代替受苦。我現在承蒙佛的威力，簡略地說說地獄罪報的事情。希望仁者，暫時聽我說。』 普賢菩薩回答說：『我早就知道三惡道的果報，希望仁者說，讓後世末法時期一切作惡的眾生，聽到仁者所說，能夠皈依佛法。』地藏菩薩說：『仁者！地獄的罪報，情況是這樣的：有的地獄，會取出罪人的舌頭，讓牛來耕。有的地獄，會取出罪人的心，讓夜叉（Yaksa）來吃。有的地獄，用沸騰的鑊湯來煮罪人的身體。有的地獄，讓罪人抱燒紅的銅柱。有的地獄，用火來燒，追趕罪人。有的地獄，一片寒冰。有的地獄，充滿糞尿。有的地獄，到處飛舞著鐵丸。有的地獄，有很多火槍。有的地獄，只撞擊胸背。有的地獄，只燒手腳。有的地獄，盤繞著鐵蛇。有的地獄，驅趕著鐵狗。有的地獄，全部駕著鐵騾。仁者，像這樣』
【English Translation】 English version 'Naraka' (hell), 'Agni-gaja Naraka' (hell of fire elephants), 'Agni-shvana Naraka' (hell of fire dogs), 'Agni-ashva Naraka' (hell of fire horses), 'Agni-go Naraka' (hell of fire oxen), 'Agni-parvata Naraka' (hell of fire mountains), 'Agni-shila Naraka' (hell of fire stones), 'Agni-shayana Naraka' (hell of fire beds), 'Agni-danda Naraka' (hell of fire beams), 'Agni-shakuna Naraka' (hell of fire eagles), 'Krakacha-danta Naraka' (hell of saw teeth), 'Charma-karshana Naraka' (hell of skin peeling), 'Rakta-pana Naraka' (hell of blood drinking), 'Hasta-dahana Naraka' (hell of burning hands), 'Pada-dahana Naraka' (hell of burning feet), 'Kantaka Naraka' (hell of thorns), 'Agni-griha Naraka' (hell of fire houses), 'Ayas-griha Naraka' (hell of iron houses), 'Agni-vrka Naraka' (hell of fire wolves). Such are the hells, and within each of them are various smaller hells, one, two, three, four, or even hundreds and thousands. Their names are all different. Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva said to Samantabhadra Bodhisattva, 'Virtuous One! These are all the evil beings of Jambudvipa, who are experiencing such retribution due to their karma. The power of karma is immense, capable of rivaling Mount Sumeru, deeper than the great ocean, and able to obstruct the path to enlightenment. Therefore, beings should not belittle small evils, thinking them to be without sin, for there will be retribution after death, even for the slightest offense. Even the closest of kin, like father and son, will go their separate ways after death, and even if they meet, no one will be willing to bear the suffering for another. I, now, by the power of the Buddha, will briefly speak of the retributions of hell. I hope, Virtuous One, that you will listen to my words for a moment.' Samantabhadra replied, 'I have long known of the retributions of the three evil paths. I hope that you will speak, so that all evil beings in the latter days of the Dharma, upon hearing your words, may turn to the Buddha.' Ksitigarbha said, 'Virtuous One! The retributions of hell are like this: In some hells, the tongues of sinners are taken out and plowed by oxen. In some hells, the hearts of sinners are taken out and eaten by Yakshas. In some hells, the bodies of sinners are boiled in cauldrons of boiling broth. In some hells, sinners are made to embrace red-hot copper pillars. In some hells, sinners are chased and burned by fire. In some hells, there is only cold ice. In some hells, there is endless filth and urine. In some hells, iron pellets fly everywhere. In some hells, there are many fire spears. In some hells, only the chest and back are struck. In some hells, only the hands and feet are burned. In some hells, iron snakes are coiled around. In some hells, iron dogs are driven. In some hells, iron mules are driven. Virtuous One, such are the hells.'
等報，各各獄中，有百千種業道之器，無非是銅，是鐵，是石，是火。此四種物，眾業行感。若廣說地獄罪報等事，一一獄中，更有百千種苦楚，何況多獄。我今承佛威神，及仁者問，略說如是。若廣解說，窮劫不盡。」
如來讚歎品第六
爾時，世尊舉身放大光明，遍照百千萬億恒河沙等諸佛世界，出大音聲，普告諸佛世界一切諸菩薩摩訶薩，及天龍鬼神、人、非人等：「聽吾今日稱揚讚歎地藏菩薩摩訶薩，於十方世界，現大不可思議威神慈悲之力，救護一切罪苦之事。吾滅度后，汝等諸菩薩大士，及天龍鬼神等，廣作方便，衛護是經，令一切眾生，證涅槃樂。」
說是語已，會中有一菩薩，名曰普廣，合掌恭敬，而白佛言：「今見世尊讚歎地藏菩薩，有如是不可思議大威神德。唯愿世尊為未來世末法眾生，宣說地藏菩薩利益人天因果等事，使諸天龍八部，及未來世眾生，頂受佛語。」
爾時，世尊告普廣菩薩及四眾等：「諦聽！諦聽！吾當為汝略說地藏菩薩利益人天福德之事。」
普廣白言：「唯然，世尊！愿樂欲聞。」
佛告普廣菩薩：「未來世中，若有善男子、善女人，聞是地藏菩薩摩訶薩名者，或合掌者、讚歎者、作禮者、戀慕者，是人超越三十劫罪。
「普
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：
『等待受報時，各個地獄中，有成百上千種刑具，無一不是銅、鐵、石頭、火焰製成的。這四種東西，都是眾生各自的業力感召而來的。如果要詳細說地獄的罪報等事，每一個地獄中，還有成百上千種苦楚，更何況有那麼多地獄。我現在承蒙佛的威神之力，以及你的提問，才簡略地說這些。如果要詳細解說，即使窮盡時間也說不完。』 如來讚歎品第六 這時，世尊全身放出大光明，遍照百千萬億恒河沙數等諸佛世界，發出巨大的聲音，普遍告知諸佛世界一切的菩薩摩訶薩（菩薩中的大菩薩），以及天龍鬼神、人和非人等：『聽著，我今天稱揚讚歎地藏菩薩摩訶薩（地藏菩薩中的大菩薩），他在十方世界，顯現不可思議的威神慈悲之力，救護一切受罪受苦的事情。我滅度后，你們這些菩薩大士，以及天龍鬼神等，要廣設方便，衛護這部經，使一切眾生，證得涅槃的快樂。』 說完這話后，會中有一位菩薩，名叫普廣，合掌恭敬，對佛說：『現在見到世尊讚歎地藏菩薩，有如此不可思議的大威神功德。只希望世尊為未來末法時代的眾生，宣說地藏菩薩利益人天的因果等事，使諸天龍八部，以及未來世的眾生，都能接受佛的教誨。』 這時，世尊告訴普廣菩薩和四眾弟子：『仔細聽！仔細聽！我將為你們簡略地說地藏菩薩利益人天的福德之事。』 普廣說：『是的，世尊！我們很樂意聽。』 佛告訴普廣菩薩：『未來世中，如果有善男子、善女人，聽到這位地藏菩薩摩訶薩（地藏菩薩中的大菩薩）的名號，或者合掌、讚歎、作禮、戀慕，這個人就能超越三十劫的罪業。 『普廣，如果未來世中，有善男子、善女人，看到地藏菩薩的形象，或者聽到這個經，甚至聽到這個經的一個偈語一句，這個人就能超越三劫的罪業。』
【English Translation】 English version:
'When awaiting retribution, in each hell, there are hundreds and thousands of instruments of karmic paths, all made of copper, iron, stone, and fire. These four kinds of things are the result of the collective karmic actions of beings. If one were to speak in detail about the retributions of hell, in each hell, there are hundreds and thousands of sufferings, let alone the many hells. I am now, by the majestic power of the Buddha and your question, briefly speaking of these. If one were to explain in detail, it would not be exhausted even in endless eons.' Chapter Six: Praise of the Thus Come One At that time, the World Honored One emitted great light from his entire body, illuminating all the Buddha worlds as numerous as the sands of hundreds of thousands of millions of Ganges Rivers. He emitted a great sound, universally proclaiming to all the Bodhisattva Mahasattvas (great Bodhisattvas) in all the Buddha worlds, as well as to the gods, dragons, ghosts, spirits, humans, and non-humans: 'Listen, today I will praise and extol the Bodhisattva Mahasattva Ksitigarbha (great Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha), who manifests inconceivable majestic and compassionate power in the ten directions, saving and protecting all those suffering from sin. After my Nirvana, you Bodhisattva Mahasattvas, as well as gods, dragons, ghosts, and spirits, should widely employ skillful means to protect this Sutra, enabling all sentient beings to attain the bliss of Nirvana.' After speaking these words, a Bodhisattva named Puguang in the assembly, with palms joined respectfully, said to the Buddha: 'Now I see the World Honored One praising Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha, who possesses such inconceivable great majestic virtues. I only wish that the World Honored One would explain for the sake of sentient beings in the future Dharma-ending age, the causes and effects of Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha benefiting humans and gods, so that all the gods, dragons, and the eight classes of beings, as well as sentient beings of the future, may receive the Buddha's teachings.' At that time, the World Honored One told Bodhisattva Puguang and the four assemblies: 'Listen carefully! Listen carefully! I will briefly speak to you about the meritorious deeds of Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha benefiting humans and gods.' Puguang said: 'Yes, World Honored One! We are eager to hear.' The Buddha told Bodhisattva Puguang: 'In the future, if there are good men or good women who hear the name of this Bodhisattva Mahasattva Ksitigarbha (great Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha), or join their palms, praise, make prostrations, or yearn for him, that person will transcend the sins of thirty kalpas. 'Puguang, if in the future, there are good men or good women who see the image of Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha, or hear this Sutra, or even hear a single verse or line of this Sutra, that person will transcend the sins of three kalpas.'
廣！若有善男子、善女人，或彩畫形像，或土石膠漆，金、銀、銅、鐵，作此菩薩，一瞻一禮者，是人百返生於三十三天，永不墮于惡道。假如天福盡故，下生人間，猶為國王，不失大利。若有女人，厭女人身，盡心供養地藏菩薩畫像，及土石膠漆銅鐵等像，如是日日不退，常以華、香、飲食、衣服、繒彩、幢幡、錢、寶物等供養。是善女人，盡此一報女身，百千萬劫，更不生有女人世界，何況復受？除非慈願力故，要受女身，度脫眾生。承斯供養地藏力故，及功德力，百千萬劫，不受女身。
「複次，普廣！若有女人，厭是醜陋、多疾病者，但于地藏像前，志心瞻禮，食頃之間，是人千萬劫中，所受生身，相貌圓滿。是醜陋女人，如不厭女身，即百千萬億生中，常為王女，乃及王妃、宰輔大姓、大長者女，端正受生，諸相圓滿。由志心故，瞻禮地藏菩薩，獲福如是。
「複次，普廣！若有善男子、善女人，能對菩薩像前，作諸伎樂，及歌詠贊嘆，香華供養，乃至勸於一人多人，如是等輩，現在世中，及未來世，常得百千鬼神日夜衛護，不令惡事輒聞其耳，何況親受諸橫？
「複次，普廣！未來世中，若有惡人，及惡神惡鬼，見有善男子、善女人歸敬供養讚歎瞻禮地藏菩薩形像，或妄生譏毀，謗無
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：普廣！如果有善男子、善女人，或者用彩繪、雕塑、泥土、石頭、膠漆，或者用金、銀、銅、鐵等材料製作地藏菩薩的形象，只要瞻仰、禮拜一次，這個人就能在三十三天（佛教的欲界六天之一）轉生一百次，永遠不會墮入惡道。即使天福享盡，下生人間，仍然會成為國王，不會失去巨大的利益。如果有女人厭惡自己的女身，盡心供養地藏菩薩的畫像，以及用泥土、石頭、膠漆、銅鐵等製作的佛像，這樣日日不懈，常用鮮花、香、飲食、衣服、絲綢、彩幡、錢財、寶物等供養。這位善女人，盡此一世女身後，百千萬劫都不會再出生在有女人的世界，更何況再次受女身呢？除非是出於慈悲的願力，爲了度脫眾生而需要受女身。憑藉供養地藏菩薩的力量，以及功德的力量，百千萬劫都不會再受女身。 再者，普廣！如果有女人厭惡自己丑陋、多病的身軀，只要在地藏菩薩像前，誠心瞻仰禮拜，片刻之間，這個人千萬劫中所受的身體，相貌都會圓滿。如果這個醜陋的女人不厭惡女身，那麼在百千萬億生中，常常會成為王女，乃至王妃、宰輔大姓、大長者的女兒，端正地出生，諸相圓滿。因為誠心瞻禮地藏菩薩，獲得的福報就是這樣。 再者，普廣！如果有善男子、善女人，能在菩薩像前，演奏各種音樂，以及歌詠贊嘆，用香花供養，乃至勸說一人或多人這樣做，這樣的人，在現在世和未來世，常常會得到百千鬼神日夜守護，不讓壞事傳入他們的耳朵，更何況親自遭受各種橫禍呢？ 再者，普廣！在未來世中，如果有惡人，以及惡神惡鬼，看到有善男子、善女人歸敬供養、讚歎瞻禮地藏菩薩的形象，或者妄加譏諷、誹謗，說沒有這些功德。
【English Translation】 English version: Furthermore, Puguang! If there are good men or good women who either paint images, or use clay, stone, glue, lacquer, gold, silver, copper, or iron to make images of this Bodhisattva, and if they gaze upon and bow to these images even once, these people will be reborn in the Trayastrimsha Heaven (one of the six heavens of the desire realm in Buddhism) a hundred times, and will never fall into evil paths. Even if their heavenly blessings are exhausted and they are reborn in the human realm, they will still become kings and will not lose great benefits. If there are women who are disgusted with their female bodies, and wholeheartedly make offerings to the images of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, whether they are paintings or made of clay, stone, glue, lacquer, copper, or iron, and if they do this daily without retreating, always making offerings of flowers, incense, food, clothing, silk, banners, money, and treasures, these good women, after exhausting their current female bodies, will not be born in a world with women for hundreds of thousands of kalpas, let alone receive a female body again. Unless it is due to their compassionate vows to take a female body to liberate sentient beings. By the power of offering to Ksitigarbha and the power of merit, they will not receive a female body for hundreds of thousands of kalpas. Furthermore, Puguang! If there are women who are disgusted with their ugly and sickly bodies, if they sincerely gaze upon and bow to the image of Ksitigarbha, even for a short time, their bodies in the millions of kalpas to come will have perfect appearances. If these ugly women are not disgusted with their female bodies, then in hundreds of millions of lives, they will often be born as princesses, or even queens, or daughters of ministers, great clans, or great elders, with beautiful appearances and perfect features. Because of their sincere gazing upon and bowing to Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, they will receive such blessings. Furthermore, Puguang! If there are good men or good women who can perform various music, sing praises, and make offerings of incense and flowers before the image of the Bodhisattva, and even encourage one or more people to do so, these people, in their present and future lives, will always be protected day and night by hundreds of thousands of ghosts and spirits, preventing evil things from reaching their ears, let alone personally suffering various calamities. Furthermore, Puguang! In the future, if there are evil people, evil gods, or evil ghosts who see good men or good women reverently making offerings, praising, and gazing upon the image of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, or who falsely ridicule and slander, saying that there are no such merits.
功德及利益事，或露齒笑，或背面非，或勸人共非，或一人非，或多人非，乃至一念生譏毀者，如是之人，賢劫千佛滅度，譏毀之報，尚在阿鼻地獄，受極重罪。過是劫已，方受餓鬼。又經千劫，復受畜生。又經千劫，方得人身。縱受人身，貧窮下賤，諸根不具，多被惡業，來結其心，不久之間，復墮惡道。是故，普廣！譏毀他人供養，尚獲此報，何況別生惡見毀滅？
「複次，普廣！若未來世，有男子女人，久處床枕，求生求死，了不可得，或夜夢惡鬼，乃及家親，或游險道，或多魘寐，共鬼神遊，日月歲深，轉復尪瘵，眠中叫苦，慘凄不樂者，此皆是業道論對，未定輕重，或難捨壽，或不得愈。男女俗眼，不辨是事。但當對諸佛菩薩像前，高聲轉讀此經一遍。或取病人可愛之物，或衣服寶貝、莊園舍宅，對病人前，高聲唱言：『我某甲等，為是病人，對經像前，舍諸等物，或供養經像，或造佛菩薩形像，或造塔寺，或然油燈，或施常住。』如是三白病人，遣令聞知。假令諸識分散，至氣盡者，乃至一日、二日、三日、四日，至七日已來，但高聲白，高聲讀經。是人命終之後，宿殃重罪，至於五無間罪，永得解脫。所受生處，常知宿命。何況善男子、善女人，自書此經，或教人書，或自塑畫菩薩形像，乃至教
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 關於功德和利益的事情，如果有人露出牙齒嘲笑，或者在背後誹謗，或者勸說他人一起誹謗，或者一個人誹謗，或者多人誹謗，乃至一念之間產生譏諷譭謗的念頭，這樣的人，即使賢劫千佛都已滅度，譏諷譭謗的報應，仍然會在阿鼻地獄中，遭受極其嚴重的罪罰。過了這個劫數之後，才會轉生為餓鬼。又經過千劫，再次轉生為畜生。又經過千劫，才能獲得人身。即使獲得人身，也會貧窮困苦，諸根不全，常常被惡業纏繞，內心不得安寧，不久之後，又會墮入惡道。所以，普廣！譏諷譭謗他人供養，尚且會獲得這樣的報應，更何況是另外產生邪見而加以毀滅呢？ 再者，普廣！如果未來世，有男子女人，長期臥病在床，求生不得，求死不能，或者夜裡夢見惡鬼，乃至夢見家親，或者在危險的道路上游蕩，或者經常做噩夢，與鬼神同行，時間久了，身體越來越虛弱，在睡夢中痛苦呻吟，悲慘淒涼，不快樂，這些都是因為業道論對，尚未確定輕重，或者難以捨棄壽命，或者無法痊癒。世俗男女，用肉眼無法辨別這些事情。應當在諸佛菩薩像前，高聲誦讀此經一遍。或者拿取病人喜愛的東西，或者衣服寶貝、莊園房屋，在病人面前，高聲宣告說：『我某某等人，爲了這個病人，在佛像前，捨棄這些物品，或者供養佛像，或者塑造佛菩薩的形象，或者建造塔寺，或者點燃油燈，或者佈施常住。』這樣三次告知病人，讓他知道。即使諸識分散，直到氣息斷絕，乃至一日、二日、三日、四日，到七日之內，只要高聲宣告，高聲誦讀此經。這個人命終之後，宿世的災禍重罪，乃至五無間罪，都將永遠得到解脫。所受生的處所，常常能夠知道宿命。更何況善男子、善女人，自己書寫此經，或者教他人書寫，或者自己塑造繪畫菩薩的形象，乃至教他人塑造繪畫呢？
【English Translation】 English version Regarding matters of merit and benefit, if someone shows their teeth in mockery, or slanders behind someone's back, or encourages others to slander together, or slanders alone, or many slander, even if a single thought of ridicule and defamation arises, such a person, even if a thousand Buddhas of the Bhadrakalpa have passed away, the retribution for ridicule and defamation will still be in Avici Hell, enduring extremely severe punishments. After this kalpa has passed, they will be reborn as a hungry ghost. After another thousand kalpas, they will be reborn as an animal. After another thousand kalpas, they will finally obtain a human body. Even if they obtain a human body, they will be poor and destitute, with incomplete faculties, often entangled by evil karma, their hearts restless, and soon after, they will fall into evil paths again. Therefore, Puguang! Ridiculing and defaming others' offerings already incurs such retribution, how much more so for those who generate evil views and destroy them? Furthermore, Puguang! If in the future world, there are men and women who have been bedridden for a long time, unable to seek life or death, or who dream of evil ghosts at night, or even dream of family members, or wander on dangerous paths, or frequently have nightmares, or travel with ghosts and spirits, and over time, their bodies become weaker and weaker, groaning in pain during sleep, miserable and unhappy, all these are due to the karmic retribution, the severity of which has not yet been determined, or they are unable to relinquish their lifespan, or they cannot be cured. Ordinary men and women cannot discern these matters with their physical eyes. They should, in front of the images of all Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, loudly recite this sutra once. Or take the patient's beloved items, or clothing, treasures, estates, and houses, and in front of the patient, loudly proclaim: 'We, so-and-so, for this patient, in front of the Buddha images, are giving up these items, either to make offerings to the Buddha images, or to sculpt the images of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, or to build pagodas and temples, or to light oil lamps, or to donate to the permanent residence.' Inform the patient three times in this way, so that they are aware. Even if their consciousness is scattered, until their breath ceases, even for one day, two days, three days, four days, up to seven days, as long as you proclaim loudly and recite this sutra loudly. After this person's life ends, their past calamities and heavy sins, even the five heinous crimes, will be eternally liberated. The place where they are reborn will always be able to know their past lives. How much more so for good men and good women who write this sutra themselves, or teach others to write it, or sculpt and paint the images of Bodhisattvas themselves, or even teach others to sculpt and paint them?
人塑畫，所受果報，必獲大利。
「是故，普廣！若見有人讀誦是經，乃至一念讚歎是經，或恭敬者，汝須百千方便，勸是等人，勤心莫退，能得未來現在千萬億不可思議功德。
「複次，普廣！若未來世諸眾生等，或夢或寐，見諸鬼神乃及諸形，或悲或啼，或愁或嘆，或恐或怖。此皆是一生十生，百生千生，過去父母、男女弟妹、夫妻眷屬，在於惡趣，未得出離，無處希望福力救拔，當告宿世骨肉，使作方便，愿離惡道。普廣！汝以神力，遣是眷屬，令對諸佛菩薩像前，志心自讀此經，或請人讀。其數三遍，或七遍。如是惡道眷屬，經聲畢是遍數，當得解脫。乃至夢寐之中，永不復見。
「複次，普廣！若未來世有諸下賤等人，或奴或婢，乃至諸不自由之人，覺知宿業，要懺悔者，志心瞻禮地藏菩薩形像，乃至一七日中，念菩薩名，可滿萬遍。如是等人，盡此報后，千萬生中，常生尊貴，更不經三惡道苦。
「複次，普廣！若未來世中，閻浮提內，剎利、婆羅門、長者、居士、一切人等，及異姓種族，有新產者，或男或女，七日之中，早與讀誦此不思議經典，更爲念菩薩名，可滿萬遍。是新生子，或男或女，宿有殃報，便得解脫，安樂易養，壽命增長。若是承福生者，轉增安樂，及與壽命
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：塑造佛像或繪畫佛像，所獲得的果報必定是巨大的利益。 因此，普廣（菩薩名）！如果見到有人讀誦這部經，甚至只是一念之間讚歎這部經，或者恭敬這部經的人，你必須用百千種方法，勸導這些人，勤奮精進不要退轉，能夠得到未來和現在千萬億不可思議的功德。 再者，普廣！如果未來世的眾生，或者在夢中，或者在睡著時，見到各種鬼神以及各種形象，或者悲傷，或者哭泣，或者憂愁，或者嘆息，或者恐懼，或者害怕。這些都是一生、十生、百生、千生，過去的父母、兄弟姐妹、夫妻眷屬，在惡道之中，沒有得到解脫，沒有地方希望得到福力救拔，應當告訴他們前世的骨肉親人，讓他們想辦法，希望他們脫離惡道。普廣！你用你的神力，派遣這些眷屬，讓他們在諸佛菩薩像前，真心誠意地自己讀誦這部經，或者請人讀誦。讀誦三遍，或者七遍。這樣，在惡道的眷屬，經聲結束這些遍數后，應當得到解脫。甚至在夢中，也永遠不會再見到他們。 再者，普廣！如果未來世有各種卑賤的人，或者奴隸，或者婢女，甚至各種不自由的人，覺知到自己前世的業報，想要懺悔的，真心誠意地瞻仰禮拜地藏菩薩（菩薩名）的形像，甚至在一七日中，唸誦菩薩的名號，可以念滿一萬遍。這樣的人，在結束這一世的報應后，千萬生中，常常出生在尊貴的環境，不再經歷三惡道的痛苦。 再者，普廣！如果未來世中，在閻浮提（世界名）內，剎利（印度四大種姓之一，指武士、王族）、婆羅門（印度四大種姓之一，指祭司）、長者（富裕的年長者）、居士（在家信徒）、一切人等，以及其他不同姓氏的種族，有新生兒出生，無論是男孩還是女孩，在七天之內，儘早為他們讀誦這部不可思議的經典，並且為他們唸誦菩薩的名號，可以念滿一萬遍。這個新生兒，無論是男孩還是女孩，如果宿世有災殃報應，便可以得到解脫，安樂易養，壽命增長。如果是承福報而生的，會更加安樂，並且壽命也會增長。
【English Translation】 English version: The merit and reward of sculpting or painting Buddha images is sure to be immense. Therefore, Puguang (a Bodhisattva)! If you see someone reciting this sutra, even if it's just a single thought of praising this sutra, or someone who respects it, you must use hundreds and thousands of methods to encourage these people, to be diligent and not retreat, so that they can obtain immeasurable merits and virtues in the future and present. Furthermore, Puguang! If sentient beings in the future world, whether in dreams or while sleeping, see various ghosts and spirits and various forms, or are sad, or crying, or worried, or sighing, or fearful, or terrified. These are all past parents, siblings, spouses, and relatives from one life, ten lives, a hundred lives, or a thousand lives, who are in the evil realms, have not been liberated, and have no place to hope for the power of blessings to save them. They should tell their flesh and blood relatives from past lives to find ways to help them escape the evil realms. Puguang! You should use your divine power to send these relatives to the presence of the images of all Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, and have them sincerely recite this sutra themselves, or have someone else recite it. Recite it three times, or seven times. In this way, the relatives in the evil realms, after the sound of the sutra has finished these recitations, should be liberated. Even in dreams, they will never be seen again. Furthermore, Puguang! If in the future world there are various lowly people, or slaves, or servants, or even various people who are not free, who are aware of their past karma and want to repent, they should sincerely venerate and bow to the image of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva (a Bodhisattva), and even within seven days, recite the Bodhisattva's name, which can be recited ten thousand times. Such people, after the end of this life's retribution, will be born into noble circumstances in thousands of lives, and will no longer experience the suffering of the three evil realms. Furthermore, Puguang! If in the future world, within Jambudvipa (a world), there are Kshatriyas (one of the four castes in India, referring to warriors and royalty), Brahmins (one of the four castes in India, referring to priests), elders (wealthy elders), lay practitioners (Buddhist followers who are not monks), all people, and other races of different surnames, who have newborns, whether boys or girls, within seven days, they should recite this inconceivable sutra for them as soon as possible, and recite the Bodhisattva's name for them, which can be recited ten thousand times. This newborn, whether a boy or a girl, if they have past karmic retribution, will be liberated, be peaceful and easy to raise, and have their lifespan increased. If they are born with blessings, they will be even more peaceful, and their lifespan will also increase.
。
「複次，普廣！若未來世眾生，于月一日、八日、十四日、十五日、十八日、二十三、二十四、二十八、二十九日，乃至三十日，是諸日等，諸罪結集，定其輕重。南閻浮提眾生，舉止動念，無不是業，無不是罪，何況恣情殺害、竊盜、邪淫、妄語，百千罪狀？能於是十齋日，對佛菩薩諸賢聖像前，讀是經一遍，東西南北，百由旬內，無諸災難。當此居家，若長若幼，現在未來百千歲中，永離惡趣。能於十齋日每轉一遍，現世令此居家無諸橫病，衣食豐溢。
「是故，普廣！當知地藏菩薩有如是等不可說百千萬億大威神力利益之事。閻浮眾生，於此大士有大因緣。是諸眾生，聞菩薩名，見菩薩像，乃至聞是經，三字五字，或一偈一句者，現在殊妙安樂，未來之世，百千萬生，常得端正，生尊貴家。」
爾時，普廣菩薩聞佛如來稱揚讚歎地藏菩薩已，胡跪合掌，復白佛言：「世尊！我久知是大士有如此不可思議神力，及大誓願力。為未來眾生，遣知利益，故問如來，唯然頂受。世尊！當何名此經？使我云何流佈？」
佛告普廣：「此經有三名：一名地藏本願，亦名地藏本行，亦名地藏本誓力經。緣此菩薩，久遠劫來，發大重愿，利益眾生，是故汝等，依愿流佈。」
普廣聞已，合掌
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：佛陀又對普廣菩薩說：『普廣，如果未來世界的眾生，在每月的初一、初八、十四、十五、十八、二十三、二十四、二十八、二十九，乃至三十這些日子裡，是各種罪業彙集的時候，會判定罪行的輕重。南閻浮提（指我們所居住的這個世界）的眾生，一舉一動，每一個念頭，沒有不是業，沒有不是罪的，更何況是放縱自己的慾望去殺害、偷盜、邪淫、說謊，犯下成百上千的罪行呢？如果能在這些十齋日，在佛菩薩以及各位賢聖的像前，誦讀這部經一遍，那麼東西南北一百由旬（古印度長度單位，約合今天的1200-1600公里）的範圍內，就不會有各種災難。這個家庭，無論是年長的還是年幼的，在現在和未來的千百萬年中，都將永遠脫離惡道。如果能在十齋日每天誦讀一遍，那麼現世就能使這個家庭沒有各種意外的疾病，衣食豐足。』 『所以，普廣，你應該知道地藏菩薩有這樣不可思議的、百千萬億的大威神力，能夠利益眾生。閻浮提的眾生，與這位大菩薩有很深的因緣。這些眾生，聽到菩薩的名號，見到菩薩的像，乃至聽到這部經的三個字、五個字，或者一個偈子、一句經文，現在就能得到殊勝的安樂，在未來的千百萬世中，常常能夠相貌端正，出生在尊貴的家庭。』 這時，普廣菩薩聽佛如來稱揚讚歎地藏菩薩后，跪下合掌，再次對佛說：『世尊，我早就知道這位大菩薩有如此不可思議的神力，以及大誓願力。爲了讓未來的眾生了解這些利益，所以才向如來請教，我完全接受您的教誨。世尊，這部經應當叫什麼名字？我應該如何傳播流通呢？』 佛告訴普廣：『這部經有三個名字：一名叫《地藏本願》，也叫《地藏本行》，也叫《地藏本誓力經》。因為這位菩薩，在久遠的劫以來，發下了重大的誓願，要利益眾生，所以你們應當按照他的誓願來傳播流通。』 普廣聽后，合掌。
【English Translation】 English version: Furthermore, Buddha said to Bodhisattva Puguan, 『Puguan, if sentient beings in the future world, on the first, eighth, fourteenth, fifteenth, eighteenth, twenty-third, twenty-fourth, twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth, and even the thirtieth days of each month, these days are when all sins accumulate, and their severity is determined. Sentient beings in Jambudvipa (referring to the world we live in), every action and every thought is karma, is sin. How much more so when they indulge in killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, and lying, committing hundreds and thousands of sins? If they can, on these ten vegetarian days, in front of the images of Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, and all the sages, read this sutra once, then within a hundred yojanas (an ancient Indian unit of distance, approximately 1200-1600 kilometers today) in the east, west, south, and north, there will be no disasters. This household, whether old or young, in the present and future millions of years, will forever be free from evil realms. If they can recite it once every ten vegetarian days, then in this life, this household will be free from unexpected illnesses, and will have abundant food and clothing.』 『Therefore, Puguan, you should know that Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha has such inconceivable, hundreds of millions of great divine powers to benefit sentient beings. The sentient beings of Jambudvipa have a great affinity with this great Bodhisattva. These sentient beings, upon hearing the Bodhisattva's name, seeing the Bodhisattva's image, or even hearing three or five words of this sutra, or a single verse or line, will receive wonderful peace and happiness in this life, and in the future millions of lives, will always have a handsome appearance and be born into noble families.』 At that time, after Bodhisattva Puguan heard the Tathagata Buddha praising and extolling Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha, he knelt down, joined his palms, and said to the Buddha again, 『World Honored One, I have long known that this great Bodhisattva has such inconceivable divine power and great vows. It is for the sake of future sentient beings to understand these benefits that I asked the Tathagata, and I fully accept your teachings. World Honored One, what should this sutra be called? How should I propagate and circulate it?』 The Buddha told Puguan, 『This sutra has three names: one is called 'Ksitigarbha's Fundamental Vows', also called 'Ksitigarbha's Fundamental Practices', and also called 'Ksitigarbha's Fundamental Vow Power Sutra'. Because this Bodhisattva, since countless eons ago, has made great vows to benefit sentient beings, therefore you should propagate and circulate it according to his vows.』 Upon hearing this, Puguan joined his palms.
恭敬，作禮而退。
地藏菩薩本願經卷上 大正藏第 13 冊 No. 0412 地藏菩薩本願經
地藏菩薩本願經卷下
唐于闐國三藏沙門實叉難陀譯
利益存亡品第七
爾時，地藏菩薩摩訶薩白佛言：「世尊！我觀是閻浮眾生，舉心動念，無非是罪。脫獲善利，多退初心；若遇惡緣，唸唸增益。是等輩人，如履泥塗，負于重石，漸困漸重，足步深邃。若得遇知識，替與減負，或全與負，是知識有大力故，復相扶助，勸令牢腳，若達平地，須省惡路，無再經歷。
「世尊！習惡眾生，從纖毫間，便至無量。是諸眾生，有如此習，臨命終時，父母眷屬宜為設福，以資前路。或懸幡蓋，及然油燈，或轉讀尊經，或供養佛像及諸聖像。乃至唸佛菩薩及辟支佛名字，一名一號，歷臨終人耳根，或聞在本識。是諸眾生所造惡業，計其感果，必墮惡趣，緣是眷屬為臨終人修此聖因，如是眾罪，悉皆銷滅。若能更為身死之後，七七日內，廣造眾善，能使是諸眾生，永離惡趣，得生人天，受勝妙樂，現在眷屬，利益無量。
「是故我今對佛世尊，及天龍八部、人、非人等，勸于閻浮提眾生：臨終之日，慎勿殺害，及造惡緣——拜祭鬼神，求諸魍魎。何以故？爾所殺害，乃至拜祭，
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 恭敬地行禮後退下。
地藏菩薩本願經卷上 大正藏第 13 冊 No. 0412 地藏菩薩本願經
地藏菩薩本願經卷下
唐于闐國三藏沙門實叉難陀（Siksananda）譯
利益存亡品第七
這時，地藏菩薩摩訶薩（Mahasattva）對佛說：『世尊！我觀察這閻浮（Jambudvipa）眾生，他們每一個起心動念，沒有不是罪過的。即使偶爾獲得一些善的利益，也大多會退失最初的善心；如果遇到惡的因緣，惡念就會念念增長。這些人就像行走在泥濘的道路上，揹負著沉重的石頭，越走越困難，越走越沉重，腳步也越陷越深。如果能夠遇到善知識，幫助他們減輕負擔，或者完全替他們承擔，這是因為善知識有強大的力量，能夠互相扶持，勸導他們站穩腳跟。如果到達平坦的地面，就應該記住曾經走過的惡路，不要再經歷。』
『世尊！習慣作惡的眾生，從極小的惡行開始，就會發展到無量無邊的惡行。這些眾生有這樣的習性，在臨命終時，父母眷屬應該為他們設福，以此來資助他們未來的道路。或者懸掛幡蓋，點燃油燈，或者轉讀尊貴的經典，或者供養佛像以及諸聖像。乃至唸誦佛、菩薩以及辟支佛（Pratyekabuddha）的名號，一個名號念一遍，讓臨終的人聽到耳根，或者聽到本識中。這些眾生所造的惡業，按照其所感得的果報，必定會墮入惡道。因為眷屬為臨終的人修持這些聖因，這些罪過都會全部消滅。如果能夠在他們死後的七七四十九天內，廣泛地造作各種善事，就能夠使這些眾生永遠脫離惡道，得生人天，享受殊勝的快樂，而現在的眷屬也會獲得無量的利益。』
『因此，我現在對佛世尊，以及天龍八部、人、非人等，勸告閻浮提的眾生：在臨終的時候，千萬不要殺害生命，以及製造惡的因緣——祭拜鬼神，祈求各種魍魎（精靈）。為什麼呢？因為你們所殺害的生命，乃至祭拜的行為，
【English Translation】 English version Respectfully, they bowed and retreated.
Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Sutra, Volume 1 Taisho Tripitaka Volume 13, No. 0412, Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Sutra
Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Sutra, Volume 2
Translated by Tripitaka Master Siksananda from the Kingdom of Khotan of the Tang Dynasty
Chapter Seven: The Benefit of the Living and the Dead
At that time, Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Mahasattva said to the Buddha, 'World Honored One! I observe that the beings of Jambudvipa, with every thought and movement of their minds, are nothing but sin. Even if they occasionally obtain some good benefit, they mostly lose their initial good intention. If they encounter evil conditions, their evil thoughts increase with every moment. These beings are like walking on muddy ground, carrying heavy stones, becoming more and more tired, more and more burdened, and their steps sink deeper and deeper. If they can meet a wise teacher, who helps them reduce their burden, or completely takes it on, it is because the wise teacher has great power, and can support each other, encouraging them to stand firm. If they reach level ground, they should remember the evil path they have traveled, and not go through it again.'
'World Honored One! Beings who are accustomed to evil, starting from the smallest evil act, will develop to immeasurable evil. These beings have such habits, and when they are about to die, their parents and relatives should create blessings for them, to support their future path. They should hang banners and canopies, light oil lamps, or recite the honored scriptures, or make offerings to Buddha images and the images of the saints. Even reciting the names of Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, and Pratyekabuddhas, one name at a time, letting the dying person hear it in their ears, or hear it in their consciousness. The evil karma created by these beings, according to the results they will receive, will surely cause them to fall into evil realms. Because their relatives cultivate these holy causes for the dying person, all these sins will be eliminated. If they can further create various good deeds within forty-nine days after their death, they can enable these beings to be forever free from evil realms, to be reborn in the human or heavenly realms, and to enjoy supreme happiness, while their present relatives will receive immeasurable benefits.'
'Therefore, I now advise the beings of Jambudvipa, before the World Honored One, and the eight classes of gods and dragons, humans, and non-humans: on the day of their death, be careful not to kill, and not to create evil conditions—worshipping ghosts and spirits, and seeking various goblins. Why is this? Because the lives you kill, and even the acts of worship,
無纖毫之力利益亡人，但結罪緣，轉增深重。假使來世，或現在生，得獲聖分，生人天中，緣是臨終被諸眷屬造是惡因，亦令是命終人，殃累對辯，晚生善處。何況臨命終人，在生未曾有少善根，各據本業，自受惡趣，何忍眷屬，更為增業？譬如有人，從遠地來，絕糧三日，所負擔物，強過百斤。忽遇鄰人，更附少物，以是之故，轉復困重。世尊！我觀閻浮眾生，但能于諸佛教中，乃至善事，一毛一渧，一沙一塵，如是利益，悉皆自得。」
說是語時，會中有一長者，名曰大辯——是長者，久證無生，化度十方，現長者身——，合掌恭敬，問地藏菩薩言：「大士！是南閻浮提眾生，命終之後，小大眷屬，為修功德，乃至設齋，造眾善因，是命終人，得大利益及解脫不？」
地藏答言：「長者！我今為未來現在一切眾生，承佛威力，略說是事。長者，未來現在諸眾生等，臨命終日，得聞一佛名、一菩薩名、一辟支佛名，不問有罪無罪，悉得解脫。
「若有男子女人，在生不修善因，多造眾罪，命終之後，眷屬小大為造福利一切聖事，七分之中，而乃獲一，六分功德，生者自利。以是之故，未來現在善男女等，聞健自修，分分己獲。無常大鬼，不期而到，冥冥游神，未知罪福，七七日內，如癡如聾。或
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：沒有絲毫的力量可以利益亡者，反而會結下罪惡的因緣，使其罪業更加深重。假設亡者來世，或者今生，能夠獲得聖人的果位，轉生到人道或天道中，卻因為臨終時被眷屬造作這些惡因，也會導致亡者在陰間受到牽連辯論，從而延遲轉生到善處的時間。更何況臨終之人，生前沒有絲毫的善根，各自根據自己所造的業力，承受惡道的果報，怎麼忍心讓眷屬再為他增加罪業呢？這就好比一個人，從遙遠的地方來，斷糧三天，所揹負的物品，已經超過百斤。忽然遇到鄰居，又給他加上一點東西，因此，反而更加困苦沉重。世尊！我觀察閻浮提（Jambudvipa，指我們所居住的這個世界）的眾生，只要能在諸佛的教法中，哪怕是做一件善事，像一毛、一滴、一沙、一塵那樣微小的利益，都能完全自己獲得。 當說這些話的時候，會中有一位長者，名叫大辯（Mahamati，意為大智慧），這位長者，早已證得無生法忍（Anutpattika-dharma-kshanti，指對諸法不生不滅的真理的領悟），爲了教化十方眾生，而示現長者之身。他合掌恭敬地問地藏菩薩（Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva）說：『大士！南閻浮提（Jambudvipa）的眾生，命終之後，無論大小眷屬，為他修功德，乃至設齋供養，造作各種善因，這個命終之人，能夠得到大利益和解脫嗎？』 地藏菩薩回答說：『長者！我現在為未來和現在的一切眾生，承蒙佛的威神之力，簡略地說這件事。長者，未來和現在的一切眾生，在臨命終的時候，如果能夠聽到一佛的名號、一菩薩的名號、一辟支佛（Pratyekabuddha，指獨自覺悟的修行者）的名號，不論他是否有罪，都能夠得到解脫。 『如果有男子女人，在生前不修善因，造作許多罪業，命終之後，眷屬無論大小，為他造作福利和各種聖事，亡者只能得到其中的七分之一，其餘六分的功德，由生者自己獲得。因此，未來和現在的善男子善女人，應當趁著身體健康的時候自己修行，這樣才能完全獲得功德。無常大鬼，不期而至，亡者的神識在冥冥之中游蕩，不知道自己所造的罪業和福報，在七七四十九天之內，就像癡呆和耳聾一樣。或者'
【English Translation】 English version: There is no power whatsoever to benefit the deceased, but rather it creates karmic connections of sin, making their offenses even more profound. Suppose that in the next life, or in this present life, they were to attain the status of a sage, and be reborn in the human or heavenly realms, yet because their family members create these evil causes at the time of their death, it would also cause the deceased to be implicated in disputes in the underworld, thus delaying their rebirth in a good place. How much more so if the person who is about to die has not cultivated even the slightest root of goodness in their lifetime, and each is subject to the retribution of their own karma, receiving the consequences of the evil realms. How can their family members bear to further increase their karmic burden? It is like a person who comes from a distant land, having gone without food for three days, and the load they carry already exceeds a hundred pounds. Suddenly, a neighbor adds a small item, and because of this, they become even more burdened and distressed. World Honored One! I observe the sentient beings of Jambudvipa (the world we inhabit), who, if they are able to perform even the smallest good deed within the teachings of the Buddhas, such as a hair, a drop, a grain of sand, or a speck of dust, will fully receive the benefit themselves. While these words were being spoken, there was an elder in the assembly named Mahamati (Great Wisdom) – this elder had long ago attained the realization of non-arising (Anutpattika-dharma-kshanti, the acceptance of the non-arising of all dharmas), and manifested the form of an elder to guide beings in the ten directions – who, with palms joined respectfully, asked the Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva: 『Great Bodhisattva! When the sentient beings of Jambudvipa pass away, if their family members, whether small or large, cultivate merit for them, even to the extent of offering vegetarian meals and creating various good causes, will the deceased receive great benefit and liberation?』 Ksitigarbha replied: 『Elder! I will now, for the sake of all sentient beings of the future and present, relying on the Buddha's majestic power, briefly speak about this matter. Elder, if all sentient beings of the future and present, on the day of their death, are able to hear the name of one Buddha, one Bodhisattva, or one Pratyekabuddha (a self-enlightened one), regardless of whether they have committed sins or not, they will all attain liberation. 『If there are men or women who, during their lifetime, do not cultivate good causes and create many sins, and after their death, their family members, whether small or large, create blessings and various sacred deeds for them, the deceased will only receive one-seventh of the merit, while the remaining six-sevenths of the merit will be received by the living. Therefore, good men and women of the future and present should cultivate themselves while they are healthy, so that they may fully receive the merit. The great ghost of impermanence arrives unexpectedly, and the consciousness of the deceased wanders in the darkness, not knowing the sins and merits they have created. Within the forty-nine days, they are like the foolish and the deaf. Or』
在諸司，辯論業果，審定之後，據業受生。未測之間，千萬愁苦，何況墮于諸惡趣等？是命終人，未得受生，在七七日內，唸唸之間，望諸骨肉眷屬，與造福力救拔。過是日後，隨業受報，若是罪人，動經千百歲中，無解脫日。若是五無間罪，墮大地獄，千劫萬劫，永受眾苦。
「複次，長者！如是罪業眾生，命終之後，眷屬骨肉，為修營齋，資助業道。未齋食竟，及營齋之次，米泔菜葉，不棄于地。乃至諸食未獻佛僧，勿得先食。如有違食及不精勤，是命終人，了不得力。如精勤護凈，奉獻佛僧，是命終人，七分獲一。是故，長者！閻浮眾生，若能為其父母，乃至眷屬，命終之後，設齋供養，志心勤懇，如是之人，存亡獲利。」
說是語時，忉利天宮有千萬億那由他閻浮鬼神，悉發無量菩提之心。大辯長者，作禮而退。
閻羅王眾讚歎品第八
爾時，鐵圍山內，有無量鬼王，與閻羅天子，俱詣忉利，來到佛所。所謂惡毒鬼王、多惡鬼王、大諍鬼王、白虎鬼王、血虎鬼王、赤虎鬼王、散殃鬼王、飛身鬼王、電光鬼王、狼牙鬼王、千眼鬼王、啖獸鬼王、負石鬼王、主耗鬼王、主禍鬼王、主食鬼王、主財鬼王、主畜鬼王、主禽鬼王、主獸鬼王、主魅鬼王、主產鬼王、主命鬼王、主疾鬼王、主險鬼
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：在各部門，辯論業力果報，審定之後，根據業力承受轉生。在尚未確定轉生去向的期間，有千萬種愁苦，更何況是墮入各種惡道呢？這些臨終之人，在尚未得到轉生之前，在七七四十九天之內，唸唸之間，都盼望著自己的親人眷屬，能夠為他們造福，以求救拔。過了這段時間之後，就隨各自的業力承受果報。如果是罪人，動輒要經歷千百年的時間，沒有解脫的日子。如果是犯了五無間罪的人，就會墮入大地獄，經歷千劫萬劫，永遠承受各種痛苦。 『再者，長者！像這些造作罪業的眾生，在他們命終之後，親人眷屬為他們修齋供養，資助他們的業道。在齋食尚未結束，以及修齋的過程中，米湯菜葉，都不要丟棄在地上。乃至各種食物在沒有供養佛和僧之前，都不要先吃。如果有人違背這些規定，或者不精勤，那麼這個亡者就得不到利益。如果能夠精勤地保持清凈，供養佛和僧，那麼這個亡者可以獲得七分之一的功德。所以，長者！閻浮提的眾生，如果能夠為他們的父母，乃至親人眷屬，在他們命終之後，設定齋飯供養，真心誠意地勤勉，這樣的人，無論在世還是亡故，都能獲得利益。』 在佛陀說這些話的時候，忉利天宮有千萬億那由他（數量單位，表示極大的數目）的閻浮鬼神，都發起了無量的菩提之心。大辯長者，行禮之後退下。 閻羅王眾讚歎品第八 這時，在鐵圍山內，有無量的鬼王，和閻羅天子一起，來到忉利天，來到佛陀所在的地方。他們是：惡毒鬼王、多惡鬼王、大諍鬼王、白虎鬼王、血虎鬼王、赤虎鬼王、散殃鬼王、飛身鬼王、電光鬼王、狼牙鬼王、千眼鬼王、啖獸鬼王、負石鬼王、主耗鬼王、主禍鬼王、主食鬼王、主財鬼王、主畜鬼王、主禽鬼王、主獸鬼王、主魅鬼王、主產鬼王、主命鬼王、主疾鬼王、主險鬼王。
【English Translation】 English version: In the various departments, after debating the karmic consequences and making a judgment, rebirth is determined according to karma. During the time before rebirth is determined, there are countless sorrows, let alone falling into the various evil realms? These dying people, before they are reborn, within the forty-nine days, every thought is hoping that their relatives and family members can create blessings for them to be rescued. After this period, they will receive retribution according to their respective karma. If they are sinners, they will have to go through hundreds or thousands of years without a day of liberation. If they have committed the five heinous crimes, they will fall into the great hell, and endure all kinds of suffering for thousands of kalpas. 'Furthermore, elder! For those sentient beings who have committed sinful deeds, after their death, their relatives and family members should perform vegetarian offerings to assist their karmic path. Before the vegetarian meal is finished, and during the process of performing the vegetarian offering, rice water and vegetable leaves should not be discarded on the ground. Furthermore, all food should not be eaten before it is offered to the Buddha and the Sangha. If anyone violates these rules or is not diligent, then the deceased will not receive any benefit. If one can diligently maintain purity and offer to the Buddha and the Sangha, then the deceased can receive one-seventh of the merit. Therefore, elder! If the sentient beings of Jambudvipa can set up vegetarian offerings for their parents, and even their relatives and family members, after their death, with sincere and diligent hearts, such people, whether living or deceased, will receive benefits.' When the Buddha spoke these words, there were countless nayutas (a unit of number, indicating a very large number) of Jambudvipa ghosts and spirits in the Trayastrimsa Heaven, all of whom aroused immeasurable Bodhi minds. The elder Mahapratibhana, after bowing, withdrew. Chapter Eight: The Praise of the Assembly of King Yama At this time, within Mount Iron Encircling, there were countless ghost kings, together with King Yama, who came to the Trayastrimsa Heaven, to the place where the Buddha was. They were: the Poisonous Ghost King, the Many Evils Ghost King, the Great Quarrel Ghost King, the White Tiger Ghost King, the Blood Tiger Ghost King, the Red Tiger Ghost King, the Scattering Calamity Ghost King, the Flying Body Ghost King, the Lightning Ghost King, the Wolf Fang Ghost King, the Thousand Eyes Ghost King, the Devouring Beast Ghost King, the Carrying Stone Ghost King, the Master of Consumption Ghost King, the Master of Misfortune Ghost King, the Master of Food Ghost King, the Master of Wealth Ghost King, the Master of Livestock Ghost King, the Master of Birds Ghost King, the Master of Beasts Ghost King, the Master of Enchantment Ghost King, the Master of Birth Ghost King, the Master of Life Ghost King, the Master of Disease Ghost King, and the Master of Danger Ghost King.
王、三目鬼王、四目鬼王、五目鬼王、祁利失王、大祁利失王、祁利叉王、大祁利叉王、阿那吒王、大阿那吒王。如是等大鬼王，各各與百千諸小鬼王，盡居閻浮提，各有所執，各有所主。是諸鬼王，與閻羅天子，承佛威神，及地藏菩薩摩訶薩力，俱詣忉利，在一面立。
爾時，閻羅天子，胡跪合掌，白佛言：「世尊！我等今者與諸鬼王，承佛威神，及地藏菩薩摩訶薩力，方得詣此忉利大會，亦是我等獲善利故。我今有小疑事，敢問世尊，唯愿世尊，慈悲宣說。」
佛告閻羅天子：「恣汝所問，吾為汝說。」
是時，閻羅天子瞻禮世尊，及回視地藏菩薩，而白佛言：「世尊！我觀地藏菩薩，在六道中，百千方便，而度罪苦眾生，不辭疲倦。是大菩薩，有如是不可思議神通之事。然諸眾生，脫獲罪報，未久之間，又墮惡道。世尊！是地藏菩薩既有如是不可思議神力，云何眾生而不依止善道，永取解脫？唯愿世尊，為我解說。」
佛告閻羅天子：「南閻浮提眾生，其性剛強，難調難伏。是大菩薩，于百千劫，頭頭救拔如是眾生，早令解脫。是罪報人，乃至墮大惡趣。菩薩以方便力，拔出根本業緣，而遣悟宿世之事。自是閻浮眾生，結惡習重，旋出旋入。勞斯菩薩，久經劫數，而作度脫。
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：王（指鬼王），三目鬼王（有三隻眼睛的鬼王），四目鬼王（有四隻眼睛的鬼王），五目鬼王（有五隻眼睛的鬼王），祁利失王（鬼王名），大祁利失王（強大的祁利失王），祁利叉王（鬼王名），大祁利叉王（強大的祁利叉王），阿那吒王（鬼王名），大阿那吒王（強大的阿那吒王）。像這樣的大鬼王們，各自帶領著成百上千的小鬼王，都居住在閻浮提（我們所居住的世界），各有自己的職責，各有自己的管轄。這些鬼王們，與閻羅天子（地獄的統治者），承蒙佛陀的威神之力，以及地藏菩薩摩訶薩（偉大的菩薩）的力量，一同來到忉利天（欲界六天之一），站在一邊。 這時，閻羅天子，跪在地上，合起手掌，對佛說：『世尊！我們今天和這些鬼王，承蒙佛陀的威神之力，以及地藏菩薩摩訶薩的力量，才得以來到這忉利大會，這也是我們獲得善利的原因。我現在有一些小小的疑問，斗膽請問世尊，希望世尊能夠慈悲地為我們解說。』 佛告訴閻羅天子：『你儘管問吧，我會為你解答。』 這時，閻羅天子瞻仰禮拜世尊，又回頭看著地藏菩薩，然後對佛說：『世尊！我看到地藏菩薩，在六道（眾生輪迴的六個去處）之中，用成百上千的方便法門，來救度受罪受苦的眾生，不辭辛勞。這位菩薩，有如此不可思議的神通力量。然而，許多眾生，剛剛脫離罪報，沒過多久，又墮入惡道。世尊！地藏菩薩既然有如此不可思議的神力，為什麼眾生不能依止善道，永遠得到解脫呢？希望世尊，為我解說。』 佛告訴閻羅天子：『南閻浮提（我們所居住的世界）的眾生，他們的本性剛強，難以調伏。這位菩薩，在無數劫的時間裡，一次又一次地救拔這樣的眾生，希望他們早日解脫。這些受罪報的人，甚至墮入極惡的去處。菩薩用方便的力量，拔出他們根本的業緣，讓他們覺悟前世的事情。只是因為閻浮提的眾生，惡習深重，剛出去又回來。勞累這位菩薩，經過漫長的劫數，來度脫他們。』
【English Translation】 English version: King (referring to a ghost king), Three-Eyed Ghost King (a ghost king with three eyes), Four-Eyed Ghost King (a ghost king with four eyes), Five-Eyed Ghost King (a ghost king with five eyes), Kili Shi King (name of a ghost king), Great Kili Shi King (a powerful Kili Shi King), Kili Cha King (name of a ghost king), Great Kili Cha King (a powerful Kili Cha King), Anata King (name of a ghost king), Great Anata King (a powerful Anata King). Such great ghost kings, each leading hundreds and thousands of small ghost kings, all reside in Jambudvipa (the world we live in), each with their own duties and jurisdictions. These ghost kings, along with Yama, the King of the Underworld, by the power of the Buddha's divine might and the strength of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Mahasattva (a great Bodhisattva), came together to Trayastrimsa Heaven (one of the six heavens in the desire realm), standing on one side. At that time, Yama, the King of the Underworld, knelt down, joined his palms, and said to the Buddha: 'World Honored One! We, along with these ghost kings, by the power of the Buddha's divine might and the strength of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Mahasattva, were able to come to this assembly in Trayastrimsa Heaven, and this is also why we have gained good benefits. I now have some small doubts, and I dare to ask the World Honored One, hoping that the World Honored One will compassionately explain them to us.' The Buddha said to Yama, the King of the Underworld: 'Ask whatever you wish, and I will explain it to you.' At that time, Yama, the King of the Underworld, paid homage to the World Honored One, and then turned to look at Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, and said to the Buddha: 'World Honored One! I see that Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, in the six realms (the six destinations of sentient beings' reincarnation), uses hundreds and thousands of expedient methods to save sentient beings suffering from sin and pain, without tiring. This Bodhisattva has such inconceivable supernatural powers. However, many sentient beings, having just escaped the retribution of their sins, soon fall into evil realms again. World Honored One! Since Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva has such inconceivable divine power, why can't sentient beings rely on the path of goodness and attain liberation forever? I hope the World Honored One will explain this to me.' The Buddha said to Yama, the King of the Underworld: 'The sentient beings of Jambudvipa (the world we live in) are by nature stubborn and difficult to tame. This Bodhisattva, over countless kalpas, has repeatedly rescued such sentient beings, hoping that they will be liberated soon. These people who suffer retribution, even falling into extremely evil realms, the Bodhisattva uses expedient means to uproot the fundamental karmic causes, and make them aware of their past lives. It is just that the sentient beings of Jambudvipa have deep-rooted evil habits, and they go out and come back again. This Bodhisattva is wearied, having spent countless kalpas, to liberate them.'
「譬如有人，迷失本家，誤入險道。其險道中，多諸夜叉，及虎狼師子、蚖蛇蝮蝎。如是迷人，在險道中，須臾之間，即遭諸毒。有一知識，多解大術，善禁是毒，乃及夜叉諸惡毒等。忽逢迷人，欲進險道，而語之言：『咄哉！男子！為何事故，而入此路？有何異術，能制諸毒？』是迷路人，忽聞是語，方知險道，即便退步，求出此路。是善知識，提攜接手，引出險道，免諸惡毒，至於好道，令得安樂，而語之言：『咄哉！迷人！自今已后，勿履是道。此路入者，卒難得出，復損性命。』是迷路人，亦生感重。臨別之時，知識又言：『若見親知及諸路人，若男若女，言於此路多諸毒惡，喪失性命。無令是眾，自取其死。』
「是故地藏菩薩具大慈悲，救拔罪苦眾生，生天人中，令受妙樂。是諸罪眾，知業道苦，脫得出離，永不再歷。如迷路人，誤入險道，遇善知識，引接令出，永不復入。逢見他人，復勸莫入，自言：『因是迷故，得解脫竟，更不復入。』若再履踐，猶尚迷誤，不覺舊曾所落險道，或致失命，如墮惡趣。地藏菩薩方便力故，使令解脫，生人天中。旋又再入，若業結重，永處地獄，無解脫時。」
爾時，惡毒鬼王合掌恭敬，白佛言：「世尊！我等諸鬼王，其數無量，在閻浮提，或利益人，或
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：佛陀說：『譬如有人，迷失了回家的路，錯誤地進入了危險的道路。那危險的道路中，有很多夜叉（一種惡鬼），以及老虎、狼、獅子、蚖蛇（一種毒蛇）、蝮蝎（一種毒蝎）。像這樣迷路的人，在那危險的道路中，片刻之間，就會遭受各種毒害。這時，有一位知識淵博的人，精通各種高深的法術，善於制服這些毒害，乃至夜叉等各種惡毒之物。他忽然遇到這個迷路的人，正要進入危險的道路，就對他說：『喂！男子！你為什麼緣故，要進入這條路？你有什麼特殊的法術，能夠制服各種毒害？』這個迷路的人，忽然聽到這話，才知道這是危險的道路，立刻退後，想要離開這條路。這位善知識，就拉著他的手，把他引出危險的道路，使他免受各種惡毒的侵害，到達安全的道路，讓他得到安樂，並對他說：『喂！迷路的人！從今以後，不要再走這條路。這條路進去的人，最終很難出來，還會損害性命。』這個迷路的人，也心生深深的感激。臨別的時候，這位善知識又說：『如果見到親戚朋友以及路人，無論是男是女，都要告訴他們這條路有很多毒害，會喪失性命。不要讓這些人，自己去送死。』 『所以，地藏菩薩具有大慈大悲，救拔受罪受苦的眾生，使他們轉生到天界或人間，享受美好的快樂。這些受罪的眾生，知道業報的痛苦，脫離了苦難，永遠不再經歷。就像迷路的人，錯誤地進入了危險的道路，遇到善知識，引導他出來，永遠不再進去。遇到其他人，又勸告他們不要進去，自己說：『因為迷路，才得到解脫，再也不敢進去了。』如果再次踏入，仍然會迷失，不覺察到以前曾經走過的危險道路，或許會導致喪命，如同墮入惡道。地藏菩薩用方便的力量，使他們得到解脫，轉生到人間或天界。如果他們又再次進入，如果業力深重，就會永遠處於地獄，沒有解脫的時候。』 這時，惡毒鬼王合掌恭敬，對佛說：『世尊！我們這些鬼王，數量無量，在閻浮提（我們所居住的這個世界），有時利益人，有時』
【English Translation】 English version: 'For example, there is a person who loses his way home and mistakenly enters a dangerous path. In that dangerous path, there are many Yakshas (a type of malevolent spirit), as well as tigers, wolves, lions, vipers (a type of venomous snake), and scorpions. Such a lost person, in that dangerous path, in a short time, will suffer various poisons. At this time, there is a knowledgeable person, proficient in various profound arts, who is good at subduing these poisons, and even Yakshas and other evil poisons. He suddenly encounters this lost person, who is about to enter the dangerous path, and says to him: 『Hey! Man! Why are you entering this path? What special arts do you have that can subdue various poisons?』 This lost person, suddenly hearing these words, realizes that this is a dangerous path, and immediately retreats, wanting to leave this path. This wise friend then takes his hand, leads him out of the dangerous path, frees him from various evil poisons, reaches a safe path, allows him to obtain peace, and says to him: 『Hey! Lost person! From now on, do not walk this path again. Those who enter this path will ultimately find it difficult to get out, and will also harm their lives.』 This lost person also feels deep gratitude. At the time of parting, this wise friend also says: 『If you see relatives, friends, and passersby, whether male or female, you must tell them that this path has many poisons and will cause loss of life. Do not let these people go to their deaths.』 'Therefore, Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva has great compassion, rescuing sentient beings who are suffering from sin, causing them to be reborn in the heavens or among humans, enjoying wonderful happiness. These sinful beings, knowing the suffering of karmic retribution, escape from suffering and never experience it again. It is like a lost person who mistakenly enters a dangerous path, encounters a wise friend, who guides him out, and he never enters again. When he meets others, he also advises them not to enter, saying to himself: 『Because I was lost, I was able to be liberated, and I dare not enter again.』 If he steps in again, he will still be lost, not realizing the dangerous path he had previously walked, perhaps leading to death, like falling into evil realms. Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, through skillful means, enables them to be liberated and reborn among humans or in the heavens. If they enter again, and if their karmic ties are heavy, they will remain in hell forever, without liberation.』 At this time, the Evil Poison Ghost King, with palms together in reverence, said to the Buddha: 『World Honored One! We ghost kings, who are countless in number, in Jambudvipa (the world we inhabit), sometimes benefit people, sometimes』
損害人，各各不同。然是業報，使我眷屬，遊行世界，多惡少善。過人家庭，或城邑聚落，莊園房舍。或有男子女人，修毛髮善事，乃至懸一幡一蓋，少香少華，供養佛像及菩薩像，或轉讀尊經，燒香供養一句一偈。我等鬼王，敬禮是人，如過去、現在、未來諸佛。敕諸小鬼，各有大力，及土地分，便令衛護。不令惡事橫事、惡病橫病，乃至不如意事，近於此舍等處，何況入門？」佛贊鬼王：「善哉！善哉！汝等及與閻羅，能如是擁護善男女等，吾亦告梵王帝釋，令衛護汝。」
說是語時，會中有一鬼王，名曰主命，白佛言：「世尊！我本業緣，主閻浮人命，生時死時，我皆主之。在我本願，甚欲利益。自是眾生，不會我意，致令生死，俱不得安。
「何以故？是閻浮提人，初生之時，不問男女，或欲生時，但作善事，增益舍宅。自令土地無量歡喜，擁護子母，得大安樂，利益眷屬。或已生下，慎勿殺害，取諸鮮味，供給產母。及廣聚眷屬，飲酒食肉，歌樂絃管，能令子母，不得安樂。
「何以故？是產難時，有無數惡鬼，及魍魎精魅，欲食腥血。是我早令舍宅土地靈祇，荷護子母，使令安樂，而得利益。如是之人，見安樂故，便合設福，答諸土地。翻為殺害，集聚眷屬，以是之故，犯殃自受，子
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 損害眾生，各有不同。但這都是業報所致，使得我的眷屬，以及這個世界，多是惡行而少有善舉。當經過人們的家庭，或者城鎮村落，莊園房舍時，如果看到有男子女人，修剪頭髮等善事，乃至懸掛一幡一蓋，少許香花，供養佛像及菩薩像，或者轉讀尊貴的經典，燒香供養一句一偈。我們這些鬼王，都會敬禮這些人，如同敬禮過去、現在、未來的諸佛一樣。我們會敕令手下的小鬼，各自擁有強大的力量，以及各自管轄的土地，讓他們去衛護這些人。不讓橫禍、惡病，乃至不如意的事情，靠近這些房屋等處，更何況是入門呢？」佛陀讚歎鬼王說：「好啊！好啊！你們以及閻羅王，能夠這樣擁護善良的男女等，我也要告訴梵王（Brahmā，印度教的創造神）和帝釋（Indra，佛教的守護神），讓他們也來衛護你們。」 當佛陀說這些話的時候，會中有一位鬼王，名叫主命（the one who controls life），他向佛陀稟告說：「世尊！我本來的業緣，是主管閻浮（Jambudvīpa，人類居住的世界）眾生的生命，他們出生和死亡的時候，都由我主管。我本來的願望，是非常想利益他們。只是眾生不瞭解我的心意，導致他們生死都不得安寧。 「這是為什麼呢？因為閻浮提的人，在初生的時候，不論男女，或者將要出生的時候，如果能做善事，增益住宅，自然會讓土地神靈無比歡喜，從而擁護母子，得到大安樂，利益眷屬。或者已經生下孩子，切勿殺害生靈，取用新鮮的食物，供給產婦。以及廣聚親屬，飲酒食肉，歌舞奏樂，反而會讓母子不得安寧。 「這是為什麼呢？因為在生產困難的時候，有無數的惡鬼，以及魍魎精魅，想要吃腥血。我早就命令住宅的土地神靈，去保護母子，使他們安樂，從而得到利益。這樣的人，因為看到母子平安，就應該設福，答謝土地神靈。反而殺害生靈，聚集親屬，因此而自受災殃，孩子也受牽連。」
【English Translation】 English version The ways of harming people are different. However, it is due to karmic retribution that my family and this world have more evil and less good. When passing by people's homes, or towns and villages, manors and houses, if there are men and women who do good deeds such as trimming their hair, or even hanging a banner or canopy, offering a little incense and flowers to the Buddha statues and Bodhisattva statues, or reciting the venerable scriptures, burning incense to offer a single verse or stanza, we ghost kings will pay homage to these people, just as we would pay homage to the Buddhas of the past, present, and future. We will order the little ghosts under our command, each with great power and their own territory, to protect these people. We will not allow misfortunes, illnesses, or even unpleasant things to come near these houses, let alone enter the door?」 The Buddha praised the ghost king, saying, 「Excellent! Excellent! You and Yama (the god of death), are able to protect good men and women in this way. I will also tell Brahmā (the Hindu god of creation) and Indra (the Buddhist guardian deity) to protect you.」 While the Buddha was speaking, a ghost king named the Lord of Life (the one who controls life) in the assembly said to the Buddha, 「World Honored One! My original karmic connection is to govern the lives of the people of Jambudvīpa (the world where humans live). I am in charge of their births and deaths. My original wish is to greatly benefit them. However, sentient beings do not understand my intentions, causing them to be unable to find peace in life and death. 「Why is this so? Because when people in Jambudvīpa are first born, whether male or female, or when they are about to be born, if they do good deeds and improve their homes, the local deities will naturally be very happy, thus protecting the mother and child, bringing great peace and happiness, and benefiting the family. Or after the child is born, one should not kill living beings, take fresh food to provide for the mother, and gather relatives for drinking, eating meat, singing, and playing music, which will cause the mother and child to be unable to find peace. 「Why is this so? Because during difficult births, there are countless evil ghosts and goblins who want to eat blood. I have long ordered the local deities of the house to protect the mother and child, so that they may be at peace and benefit. Such people, seeing that the mother and child are safe, should then set up blessings to thank the local deities. Instead, they kill living beings and gather relatives, thus bringing disaster upon themselves, and the child is also affected.」
母俱損。
「又閻浮提臨命終人，不問善惡，我欲令是命終之人，不落惡道，何況自修善根，增我力故。是閻浮提行善之人，臨命終時，亦有百千惡道鬼神，或變作父母，乃至諸眷屬，引接亡人，令落惡道，何況本造惡者？
「世尊！如是閻浮提男子女人，臨命終時，神識惛昧，不辯善惡，乃至眼耳，更無見聞。是諸眷屬，當須設大供養，轉讀尊經，唸佛菩薩名號。如是善緣，能令亡者，離諸惡道，諸魔鬼神，悉皆退散。世尊！一切眾生臨命終時，若得聞一佛名、一菩薩名，或大乘經典一句一偈，我觀如是輩人，除五無間殺害之罪，小小惡業，合墮惡趣者，尋即解脫。」
佛告主命鬼王：「汝大慈故，能發如是大愿，于生死中，護諸眾生。若未來世中，有男子女人，至生死時，汝莫退是愿，總令解脫，永得安樂。」
鬼王白佛言：「愿不有慮，我畢是形，唸唸擁護閻浮眾生，生時死時，俱得安樂。但願諸眾生，于生死時，信受我語，無不解脫，獲大利益。」
爾時，佛告地藏菩薩：「是大鬼王主命者，已曾經百千生，作大鬼王，于生死中，擁護眾生。是大士，慈悲願故，現大鬼身，實非鬼也。卻後過一百七十劫，當得成佛，號曰無相如來。劫名安樂，世界名凈住。其佛壽命，不可計劫
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：都會遭受損失。 『而且閻浮提（Jambudvipa，指我們所居住的這個世界）的人在臨終時，不論善惡，我都希望使這些臨終之人不墮入惡道，更何況那些自己修行善根，增長我力量的人呢。這些在閻浮提行善的人，在臨終時，也會有成百上千的惡道鬼神，或者變化成他們的父母，乃至各種親屬，引誘亡者，使他們墮入惡道，更何況那些本來就造惡的人呢？』 『世尊！像這樣的閻浮提男子女人，在臨終時，神識昏昧，不能分辨善惡，甚至眼睛和耳朵，都無法看見和聽見。這些親屬，應當設定盛大的供養，轉讀尊貴的經典，唸誦佛菩薩的名號。這樣的善緣，能夠使亡者脫離各種惡道，各種魔鬼神靈，都會退散。世尊！一切眾生在臨終時，如果能夠聽到一佛的名號、一菩薩的名號，或者大乘經典的一句一偈，我認為這樣的人，除了犯下五無間殺害之罪，其他小的惡業，本應墮入惡趣的，也會立刻解脫。』 佛告訴主命鬼王：『你因為大慈悲的緣故，能夠發出這樣的大愿，在生死之中，保護各種眾生。如果未來世中，有男子女人，到了生死之時，你不要退失這個願望，總要讓他們解脫，永遠得到安樂。』 鬼王對佛說：『請不要擔憂，我這一生，都會念念擁護閻浮提的眾生，讓他們生時死時，都得到安樂。只希望各種眾生，在生死之時，相信接受我的話，沒有不解脫的，獲得大利益。』 這時，佛告訴地藏菩薩：『這位大鬼王主命，已經經歷過百千生，做大鬼王，在生死之中，擁護眾生。這位大士，因為慈悲的願力，顯現出大鬼的身形，實際上並不是鬼。過了一百七十劫之後，將會成佛，號為無相如來（Amitabha Tathagata）。劫名為安樂，世界名為凈住。他的佛的壽命，不可計數。』
【English Translation】 English version: will all suffer loss. 'Moreover, when people in Jambudvipa (the world we live in) are about to die, regardless of whether they are good or evil, I wish to ensure that these dying individuals do not fall into evil realms, let alone those who cultivate good roots and increase my power. These people in Jambudvipa who practice good deeds, at the time of their death, will also have hundreds and thousands of evil spirits from evil realms, who may transform into their parents or other relatives, luring the deceased to fall into evil realms, let alone those who have originally committed evil?' 'World Honored One! When men and women in Jambudvipa are about to die, their consciousness becomes confused, unable to distinguish between good and evil, and even their eyes and ears can no longer see or hear. These relatives should set up grand offerings, recite the honored scriptures, and chant the names of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. Such good causes can enable the deceased to escape from all evil realms, and all demons and spirits will retreat. World Honored One! When all sentient beings are about to die, if they can hear the name of one Buddha, one Bodhisattva, or one verse from the Mahayana scriptures, I believe that such people, except for those who have committed the five heinous crimes of killing, will immediately be liberated from the small evil deeds that would have caused them to fall into evil realms.' The Buddha told the Ghost King of Life: 'Because of your great compassion, you are able to make such a great vow to protect all sentient beings in the cycle of birth and death. If in the future, there are men and women who reach the time of birth and death, do not retreat from this vow, and ensure that they are liberated and attain eternal peace.' The Ghost King said to the Buddha: 'Please do not worry, for this lifetime, I will constantly protect the sentient beings of Jambudvipa, so that they may attain peace in life and death. I only wish that all sentient beings, at the time of birth and death, will believe and accept my words, and that none will fail to be liberated and gain great benefits.' At this time, the Buddha told Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha: 'This great Ghost King of Life has been a great Ghost King for hundreds and thousands of lifetimes, protecting sentient beings in the cycle of birth and death. This great being, because of his compassionate vows, manifests as a great ghost, but is not actually a ghost. After one hundred and seventy kalpas, he will become a Buddha, named Amitabha Tathagata. The kalpa will be named Anle (Peace), and the world will be named Jingzhu (Pure Abode). The lifespan of that Buddha will be immeasurable.'
。地藏！是大鬼王，其事如是，不可思議，所度天人，亦不可限量。」
稱佛名號品第九
爾時，地藏菩薩摩訶薩白佛言：「世尊！我今為未來眾生，演利益事，于生死中，得大利益。唯愿世尊，聽我說之。」
佛告地藏菩薩：「汝今欲興慈悲，救拔一切罪苦六道眾生，演不思議事，今正是時，唯當速說。吾即涅槃，使汝早畢是愿，吾亦無憂現在未來一切眾生。」
地藏菩薩白佛言：「世尊！過去無量阿僧祇劫，有佛出世，號無邊身如來。若有男子女人，聞是佛名，暫生恭敬，即得超越四十劫生死重罪。何況塑畫形像、供養讚歎？其人獲福，無量無邊。
「又於過去恒河沙劫，有佛出世，號寶性如來。若有男子女人，聞是佛名，一彈指頃，發心歸依，是人于無上道，永不退轉。又於過去，有佛出世，號波頭摩勝如來。若有男子女人，聞是佛名，歷于耳根，是人當得千返生於六慾天中，何況志心稱念？
「又於過去不可說不可說阿僧祇劫，有佛出世，號師子吼如來。若有男子女人，聞是佛名，一念歸依，是人得遇無量諸佛，摩頂授記。又於過去，有佛出世，號拘留孫佛。若有男子女人，聞是佛名，志心瞻禮，或復讚歎，是人于賢劫千佛會中，為大梵王，得授上記。
「又于
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：地藏菩薩！這些大鬼王的事情就是這樣，不可思議，他們所度化的天人和人類，也是不可思議的。」
稱佛名號品第九
這時，地藏菩薩摩訶薩對佛說：『世尊！我現在爲了未來的眾生，宣說利益的事情，使他們在生死輪迴中，得到巨大的利益。希望世尊允許我說。』
佛告訴地藏菩薩：『你現在想要發起慈悲心，救拔一切受罪受苦的六道眾生，宣說不可思議的事情，現在正是時候，只管快說。我即將涅槃，讓你早日完成這個願望，我也就不用擔心現在和未來的一切眾生了。』
地藏菩薩對佛說：『世尊！在過去無量阿僧祇劫（無數個大劫）之前，有佛出世，名號是無邊身如來（佛的法身無邊無際）。如果有男子女人，聽到這位佛的名號，哪怕只是暫時生起恭敬心，就能超越四十劫的生死重罪。更何況是塑造佛像、供養讚歎呢？這個人獲得的福報，是無量無邊的。
『又在過去恒河沙劫（像恒河沙子一樣多的劫數）之前，有佛出世，名號是寶性如來（佛的自性如寶）。如果有男子女人，聽到這位佛的名號，在一彈指的時間裡，發心歸依，這個人對於無上菩提之道，永遠不會退轉。又在過去，有佛出世，名號是波頭摩勝如來（像蓮花一樣殊勝的佛）。如果有男子女人，聽到這位佛的名號，經過耳根，這個人應當能夠一千次往生到六慾天中，更何況是真心誠意地稱念呢？』
『又在過去不可說不可說阿僧祇劫之前，有佛出世，名號是師子吼如來（佛的說法如獅子吼一樣威猛）。如果有男子女人，聽到這位佛的名號，一念歸依，這個人能夠遇到無量諸佛，得到諸佛摩頂授記。又在過去，有佛出世，名號是拘留孫佛（賢劫千佛中的第一尊佛）。如果有男子女人，聽到這位佛的名號，真心瞻仰禮拜，或者讚歎，這個人在賢劫千佛的法會中，會成為大梵天王，得到諸佛的授記。』
『又在過去
【English Translation】 English version: 'Ksitigarbha! The affairs of these great ghost kings are like this, inconceivable, and the gods and humans they have delivered are also inconceivable.'
Chapter Nine: The Merit of Reciting the Buddha's Name
At that time, Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Mahasattva said to the Buddha, 'World Honored One! I now wish to speak for the sake of future sentient beings, about matters of benefit, so that they may obtain great benefit in the cycle of birth and death. I beseech the World Honored One to allow me to speak.'
The Buddha said to Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, 'You now wish to arouse compassion, to rescue all sentient beings in the six realms who are suffering from sin and pain, and to speak of inconceivable matters. Now is the right time, you should speak quickly. I am about to enter Nirvana, so that you may quickly fulfill this vow, and I will have no worries about all sentient beings in the present and future.'
Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva said to the Buddha, 'World Honored One! In the past, immeasurable asamkhya kalpas (countless great eons) ago, there was a Buddha who appeared in the world, named the Boundless Body Tathagata (the Buddha's Dharma body is boundless). If there are men or women who hear this Buddha's name, and even for a moment give rise to respect, they will transcend the heavy sins of forty kalpas of birth and death. How much more so if they sculpt or paint an image, make offerings, and praise him? The blessings that person obtains are immeasurable and boundless.'
'Also, in the past, as many kalpas as there are sands in the Ganges River ago, there was a Buddha who appeared in the world, named the Treasure Nature Tathagata (the Buddha's self-nature is like a treasure). If there are men or women who hear this Buddha's name, and in the time it takes to snap one's fingers, give rise to the mind of taking refuge, that person will never regress on the unsurpassed path. Also, in the past, there was a Buddha who appeared in the world, named the Padmottama Victory Tathagata (a Buddha as victorious as a lotus). If there are men or women who hear this Buddha's name, and it passes through their ears, that person will be reborn a thousand times in the six desire heavens, how much more so if they sincerely recite his name?'
'Also, in the past, in inexpressible, inexpressible asamkhya kalpas ago, there was a Buddha who appeared in the world, named the Lion's Roar Tathagata (the Buddha's teaching is as powerful as a lion's roar). If there are men or women who hear this Buddha's name, and with one thought take refuge, that person will encounter immeasurable Buddhas, and receive their predictions of enlightenment. Also, in the past, there was a Buddha who appeared in the world, named Krakucchanda Buddha (the first Buddha of the Bhadrakalpa). If there are men or women who hear this Buddha's name, and sincerely look upon him with reverence, or praise him, that person will become a Great Brahma King in the assembly of the thousand Buddhas of the Bhadrakalpa, and receive the prediction of enlightenment from the Buddhas.'
'Also, in the past'
過去，有佛出世，號毗婆尸。若有男子女人，聞是佛名，永不墮惡道，常生人天，受勝妙樂。
「又於過去無量無數恒河沙劫，有佛出世，號寶勝如來。若有男子女人，聞是佛名，畢竟不墮惡道，常在天上，受勝妙樂。
「又於過去，有佛出世，號寶相如來。若有男子女人，聞是佛名，生恭敬心，是人不久，得阿羅漢果。
「又於過去，無量阿僧祇劫，有佛出世，號袈裟幢如來。若有男子女人，聞是佛名者，超一百大劫生死之罪。
「又於過去，有佛出世，號大通山王如來。若有男子女人，聞是佛名者，是人得遇恒河沙佛，廣為說法，必成菩提。又於過去，有凈月佛、山王佛、智勝佛、凈名王佛、智成就佛、無上佛、妙聲佛、滿月佛、月面佛，有如是等不可說佛。
「世尊！現在未來一切眾生，若天若人，若男若女，但念得一佛名號，功德無量，何況多名？是眾生等，生時死時，自得大利，終不墮惡道。若有臨命終人，家中眷屬，乃至一人，為是病人，高聲念一佛名，是命終人，除五無間罪，餘業報等，悉得銷滅。是五無間罪，雖至極重，動經億劫，了不得出，承斯臨命終時，他人為其稱念佛名，於是罪中亦漸銷滅。何況眾生，自稱自念，獲福無量，滅無量罪。」
校量佈施功
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 過去，有佛出世，名為毗婆尸（Vipasyin）。如果有男子或女人聽到這位佛的名號，將永遠不會墮入惡道，常常轉生於人天善道，享受殊勝美妙的快樂。
又在過去無量無數恒河沙劫之前，有佛出世，名為寶勝如來（Ratnasambhava）。如果有男子或女人聽到這位佛的名號，最終不會墮入惡道，常常在天上，享受殊勝美妙的快樂。
又在過去，有佛出世，名為寶相如來（Ratnaketu）。如果有男子或女人聽到這位佛的名號，並生起恭敬心，這個人不久之後就能證得阿羅漢果。
又在過去，無量阿僧祇劫之前，有佛出世，名為袈裟幢如來（Kasyapadhavaja）。如果有男子或女人聽到這位佛的名號，就能超越一百大劫的生死罪業。
又在過去，有佛出世，名為大通山王如來（Mahabhijna-abhibhu）。如果有男子或女人聽到這位佛的名號，這個人就能遇到恒河沙數般的佛，廣泛地為他們說法，必定成就菩提。又在過去，有凈月佛、山王佛、智勝佛、凈名王佛、智成就佛、無上佛、妙聲佛、滿月佛、月面佛，有如此等等不可說盡的佛。
世尊！現在和未來的一切眾生，無論是天人還是凡人，無論是男子還是女人，只要唸誦一個佛的名號，功德就無量無邊，更何況唸誦多個佛的名號呢？這些眾生，在出生時和死亡時，都能獲得巨大的利益，最終不會墮入惡道。如果有臨終之人，家中的眷屬，哪怕只有一人，為這個病人高聲唸誦一個佛的名號，這個臨終之人，就能消除五無間罪，其餘的業報等，都能全部消滅。這五無間罪，雖然極其嚴重，即使經過億劫也無法解脫，但承蒙臨終時，他人為其稱念佛名，這些罪業也會逐漸消滅。更何況眾生自己稱念佛名，所獲得的福報更是無量無邊，所滅除的罪業也無量無邊。
校量佈施功德
【English Translation】 English version In the past, there was a Buddha who appeared in the world, named Vipasyin (毗婆尸). If any man or woman hears the name of this Buddha, they will never fall into evil paths, but will always be reborn in the realms of humans and gods, enjoying supreme and wonderful bliss.
Also, in the past, countless kalpas as numerous as the sands of the Ganges River ago, there was a Buddha who appeared in the world, named Ratnasambhava (寶勝如來). If any man or woman hears the name of this Buddha, they will ultimately not fall into evil paths, but will always be in the heavens, enjoying supreme and wonderful bliss.
Also, in the past, there was a Buddha who appeared in the world, named Ratnaketu (寶相如來). If any man or woman hears the name of this Buddha and generates a respectful mind, that person will soon attain the fruit of an Arhat.
Also, in the past, countless asamkhya kalpas ago, there was a Buddha who appeared in the world, named Kasyapadhavaja (袈裟幢如來). If any man or woman hears the name of this Buddha, they will transcend the sins of birth and death for one hundred great kalpas.
Also, in the past, there was a Buddha who appeared in the world, named Mahabhijna-abhibhu (大通山王如來). If any man or woman hears the name of this Buddha, that person will encounter Buddhas as numerous as the sands of the Ganges River, widely hear them preach the Dharma, and will surely attain Bodhi. Also, in the past, there were Buddhas named Pure Moon Buddha, Mountain King Buddha, Wisdom Victory Buddha, Pure Name King Buddha, Wisdom Accomplishment Buddha, Supreme Buddha, Wonderful Sound Buddha, Full Moon Buddha, and Moon Face Buddha, and there were countless other Buddhas like these.
World Honored One! All sentient beings in the present and future, whether they are gods or humans, whether they are men or women, if they only recite the name of one Buddha, the merit is immeasurable, how much more so if they recite the names of many Buddhas? These sentient beings, at the time of birth and death, will obtain great benefits and will ultimately not fall into evil paths. If there is a person who is about to die, and their family members, even if only one person, loudly recites the name of one Buddha for this sick person, this dying person will eliminate the five heinous crimes, and all other karmic retributions will be completely extinguished. These five heinous crimes, although extremely severe, and impossible to escape even after billions of kalpas, will gradually be eliminated by the merit of others reciting the Buddha's name for them at the time of death. How much more so will the merit be immeasurable and the sins be eliminated immeasurably if sentient beings recite the Buddha's name themselves?
Measuring the Merit of Giving
德緣品第十
爾時，地藏菩薩摩訶薩承佛威神，從座而起，胡跪合掌，白佛言：「世尊！我觀業道眾生，校量佈施，有輕有重：有一生受福，有十生受福，有百生千生受大福利者。是事云何？唯愿世尊，為我說之。」
爾時，佛告地藏菩薩：「吾今于忉利天宮，一切眾會，說閻浮提佈施，校量功德輕重。汝當諦聽，吾為汝說。」
地藏白佛言：「我疑是事，愿樂欲聞。」
佛告地藏菩薩：「南閻浮提，有諸國王、宰輔大臣、大長者、大剎利、大婆羅門等，若遇最下貧窮，乃至癃殘瘖啞，聾癡無目，如是種種不完具者。是大國王等，欲佈施時，若能具大慈悲，下心含笑，親手遍佈施，或使人施，軟言慰喻。是國王等，所獲福利，如佈施百恒河沙佛功德之利。何以故？緣是國王等，於是最貧賤輩，及不完具者，發大慈心，是故福利，有如此報：百千生中，常得七寶具足，何況衣食受用？
「複次，地藏！若未來世，有諸國王，至婆羅門等，遇佛塔寺，或佛形像，乃至菩薩、聲聞、辟支佛像，躬自營辦，供養佈施。是國王等，當得三劫為帝釋身，受勝妙樂。若能以此佈施福利，迴向法界，是大國王等，於十劫中，常為大梵天王。
「複次，地藏！若未來世，有諸國王，至婆羅門等，遇
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 德緣品第十
那時，地藏菩薩摩訶薩（菩薩中的大菩薩）承蒙佛的威神之力，從座位上站起來，右膝跪地，雙手合掌，對佛說：『世尊！我觀察業道中的眾生，衡量他們佈施的行為，發現有輕有重：有的佈施一生就能享受福報，有的佈施十生才能享受福報，有的佈施百生千生才能享受大的福報。這是什麼原因呢？希望世尊為我解說。』
那時，佛告訴地藏菩薩：『我現在在忉利天宮（欲界六天之一，帝釋天所居之處），對所有與會大眾，講述閻浮提（我們所居住的這個世界）佈施的功德輕重。你應當仔細聽，我為你解說。』
地藏菩薩對佛說：『我對此事感到疑惑，很想聽您解說。』
佛告訴地藏菩薩：『在南閻浮提（我們所居住的這個世界的南部），有諸國王、宰輔大臣、大長者、大剎利（古印度四大種姓之一，指武士階層）、大婆羅門（古印度四大種姓之一，指祭司階層）等，如果遇到最貧窮的人，乃至身體殘疾、不能說話、耳聾、癡呆、眼睛失明等各種不健全的人。這些國王等，在想要佈施的時候，如果能夠懷有大慈悲心，謙虛恭敬，面帶笑容，親自佈施，或者派人佈施，並用溫和的語言安慰他們。這些國王等所獲得的福報，如同佈施給百恒河沙數（數量極多）的佛所獲得的功德利益。為什麼呢？因為這些國王等，對於這些最貧賤的人，以及身體不健全的人，發起了大慈悲心，所以福報才有如此的回報：在百千生中，常常能夠得到七寶（指金、銀、琉璃、硨磲、瑪瑙、珍珠、琥珀）具足，更何況衣食受用呢？』
『再者，地藏！如果未來世，有諸國王，乃至婆羅門等，遇到佛塔寺，或者佛的形像，乃至菩薩、聲聞（聽聞佛陀教誨而得道者）、辟支佛（不依師教，自己覺悟的修行者）的形像，能夠親自經營，供養佈施。這些國王等，應當能夠得到三劫（極長的時間單位）做帝釋身（忉利天之主），享受殊勝的快樂。如果能夠將這些佈施的福報，迴向給法界（宇宙萬法），這些國王等，在十劫中，常常能夠做大梵天王（色界初禪天之主）。』
『再者，地藏！如果未來世，有諸國王，乃至婆羅門等，遇到
【English Translation】 English version Chapter Ten: The Merit of Virtue
At that time, Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Mahasattva (a great Bodhisattva among Bodhisattvas), empowered by the Buddha's majestic spiritual power, rose from his seat, knelt on his right knee, and with palms joined, said to the Buddha, 'World Honored One! I observe the beings in the paths of karma, and when I compare their acts of giving, I find some are light and some are heavy: some receive blessings in one lifetime, some receive blessings in ten lifetimes, and some receive great blessings in hundreds or thousands of lifetimes. What is the reason for this? I beseech the World Honored One to explain it to me.'
At that time, the Buddha said to Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, 'Now, in the Trayastrimsa Heaven Palace (one of the six heavens in the desire realm, where Indra resides), before all the assembled beings, I will speak about the giving in Jambudvipa (the world we inhabit) and the comparison of the merit of these acts. You should listen attentively, and I will explain it to you.'
Ksitigarbha said to the Buddha, 'I am doubtful about this matter and wish to hear your explanation.'
The Buddha said to Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, 'In Southern Jambudvipa (the southern part of the world we inhabit), there are kings, ministers, great elders, great Kshatriyas (one of the four major castes in ancient India, referring to the warrior class), great Brahmins (one of the four major castes in ancient India, referring to the priestly class), and others. If they encounter the poorest of the poor, or those who are crippled, mute, deaf, foolish, blind, or otherwise incomplete, and these kings and others, when they wish to give, are able to have great compassion, be humble and respectful, smile, personally give, or send others to give, and comfort them with gentle words, the blessings these kings and others receive are like the merit of giving to Buddhas as numerous as the sands of a hundred Ganges Rivers. Why is this so? Because these kings and others, towards these most poor and lowly people, and those who are incomplete, have generated great compassion, therefore the blessings are so great: in hundreds and thousands of lifetimes, they will always have the seven treasures (gold, silver, lapis lazuli, tridacna, agate, pearl, and amber) in abundance, let alone food and clothing.'
'Furthermore, Ksitigarbha! If in the future, there are kings, or even Brahmins, who encounter stupas or temples, or images of the Buddha, or even images of Bodhisattvas, Sravakas (those who attain enlightenment by hearing the Buddha's teachings), or Pratyekabuddhas (those who attain enlightenment on their own without a teacher), and are able to personally manage, make offerings, and give, these kings and others will be able to be the body of Indra (the lord of Trayastrimsa Heaven) for three kalpas (extremely long units of time), enjoying supreme bliss. If they are able to dedicate the merit of these acts of giving to the Dharma Realm (the universe and all its phenomena), these kings and others will be able to be the Great Brahma King (the lord of the first dhyana heaven in the form realm) for ten kalpas.'
'Furthermore, Ksitigarbha! If in the future, there are kings, or even Brahmins, who encounter
先佛塔廟，或至經像，毀壞破落，乃能發心修補。是國王等，或自營辦，或勸他人，乃至百千人等，佈施結緣。是國王等，百千生中，常為轉輪王身。如是他人同佈施者，百千生中，常為小國王身。更能于塔廟前，發回向心，如是國王，乃及諸人，盡成佛道，以此果報，無量無邊。
「複次，地藏！未來世中，有諸國王，及婆羅門等，見諸老病，及生產婦女，若一念間，具大慈心，佈施醫藥、飲食、臥具，使令安樂。如是福利，最不思議：一百劫中，常為凈居天主；二百劫中，常為六慾天主；畢竟成佛，永不墮惡道，乃至百千生中，耳不聞苦聲。
「複次，地藏！若未來世中，有諸國王，及婆羅門等，能作如是佈施，獲福無量，更能迴向，不問多少，畢竟成佛，何況釋梵轉輪之報？是故，地藏！普勸眾生，當如是學。
「複次，地藏！未來世中，若善男子、善女人，于佛法中，種少善根，毛髮沙塵等許，所受福利，不可為喻。複次，地藏！未來世中，若有善男子、善女人，遇佛形像、菩薩形像、辟支佛形像、轉輪王形像，佈施供養，得無量福，常在人天，受勝妙樂。若能迴向法界，是人福利，不可為喻。
「複次，地藏！未來世中，若有善男子、善女人，遇大乘經典，或聽聞一偈一句，發殷
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本： 如果過去的佛塔廟宇，或者佛像、經書，有毀壞破落的情況，有人能夠發心去修補。無論是國王等，自己出資修繕，還是勸說他人，乃至成百上千人一起佈施結緣。這些國王等，在百千世中，常常會成為轉輪王（擁有統治世界的理想君主）的身份。像這樣一起佈施的其他人，在百千世中，常常會成為小國王的身份。如果還能在塔廟前，發起迴向（將功德迴向給眾生）的心，這樣的國王，以及所有參與的人，最終都能成就佛道，這樣的果報，是無量無邊的。
『再者，地藏（菩薩名）！未來世中，如果有國王，以及婆羅門（古印度祭司階層）等，看到年老生病的人，以及生產的婦女，如果在一念之間，生起大慈悲心，佈施醫藥、飲食、臥具，使他們安樂。這樣的福報，是最不可思議的：一百劫（極長的時間單位）中，常常會成為凈居天（色界天最高層）的天主；二百劫中，常常會成為六慾天（欲界天）的天主；最終會成就佛果，永遠不會墮入惡道，乃至百千世中，耳朵都聽不到痛苦的聲音。
『再者，地藏！如果未來世中，有國王，以及婆羅門等，能夠做這樣的佈施，獲得的福報是無量的，如果還能將功德迴向，無論多少，最終都能成就佛果，更何況是釋（帝釋天）、梵（大梵天）、轉輪王（擁有統治世界的理想君主）的果報呢？所以，地藏！普遍勸告眾生，應當這樣學習。
『再者，地藏！未來世中，如果有善男子、善女人，在佛法中，種下少許善根，哪怕像毛髮沙塵那樣微小，所受的福報，也是無法比喻的。再者，地藏！未來世中，如果有善男子、善女人，遇到佛的形像、菩薩的形像、辟支佛（獨覺）的形像、轉輪王的形像，佈施供養，會得到無量的福報，常常在人天（人道和天道）中，享受殊勝美妙的快樂。如果能將功德迴向給法界（宇宙萬法），這個人的福報，也是無法比喻的。
『再者，地藏！未來世中，如果有善男子、善女人，遇到大乘經典，或者聽聞一偈一句，發起殷
【English Translation】 English version: If there are ancient pagodas and temples, or Buddha statues and scriptures, that are damaged and dilapidated, and someone is able to initiate repairs. Whether it is a king or others who personally fund the repairs, or persuade others, even hundreds or thousands of people who donate and form connections. These kings, in hundreds of thousands of lifetimes, will often become the identity of a Chakravartin (an ideal monarch who rules the world). Others who donate together like this, in hundreds of thousands of lifetimes, will often become the identity of a minor king. If they can also make a dedication (transferring merit to all beings) in front of the pagoda or temple, such kings, and all those who participate, will ultimately achieve Buddhahood, and such karmic rewards are immeasurable and boundless.
'Furthermore, Ksitigarbha (Bodhisattva's name)! In the future world, if there are kings, and Brahmins (ancient Indian priestly class), who see the elderly and sick, and women in childbirth, if in a single thought, they generate great compassion, and donate medicine, food, and bedding, to make them comfortable. Such blessings are most inconceivable: in a hundred kalpas (extremely long time units), they will often become the lord of the Pure Abode Heavens (the highest level of the Form Realm); in two hundred kalpas, they will often become the lord of the Six Desire Heavens (Desire Realm); they will ultimately achieve Buddhahood, and will never fall into evil paths, and even in hundreds of thousands of lifetimes, their ears will not hear the sound of suffering.
'Furthermore, Ksitigarbha! If in the future world, there are kings, and Brahmins, who are able to make such donations, the blessings they obtain are immeasurable, and if they can also dedicate the merit, no matter how much, they will ultimately achieve Buddhahood, let alone the rewards of Sakra (Indra), Brahma (Great Brahma), and a Chakravartin (an ideal monarch who rules the world)? Therefore, Ksitigarbha! Universally advise all beings, that they should learn in this way.
'Furthermore, Ksitigarbha! In the future world, if there are good men and good women, who plant a small amount of good roots in the Buddha Dharma, even as small as a hair or a speck of dust, the blessings they receive are beyond comparison. Furthermore, Ksitigarbha! In the future world, if there are good men and good women, who encounter the image of a Buddha, the image of a Bodhisattva, the image of a Pratyekabuddha (Solitary Buddha), or the image of a Chakravartin, and make donations and offerings, they will receive immeasurable blessings, and will often enjoy superior and wonderful happiness in the human and heavenly realms (human and heavenly paths). If they can dedicate the merit to the Dharma Realm (the universe and all phenomena), this person's blessings are also beyond comparison.
'Furthermore, Ksitigarbha! In the future world, if there are good men and good women, who encounter Mahayana scriptures, or hear a single verse or line, and generate sincere
重心，讚歎恭敬，佈施供養。是人獲大果報，無量無邊。若能迴向法界，其福不可為喻。
「複次，地藏！若未來世中，有善男子、善女人，遇佛塔寺、大乘經典新者，佈施供養，瞻禮讚嘆，恭敬合掌；若遇故者或毀壞者，修補營理，或獨發心，或勸多人同共發心。如是等輩，三十生中，常為諸小國王。檀越之人，常為輪王，還以善法，教化諸小國王。
「複次，地藏！未來世中，若有善男子、善女人，于佛法中，所種善根，或佈施供養，或修補塔寺，或裝理經典，乃至一毛一塵，一沙一渧。如是善事，但能迴向法界，是人功德，百千生中，受上妙樂。如但迴向自家眷屬，或自身利益，如是之果，即三生受樂，舍一得萬報。是故，地藏！佈施因緣，其事如是。」
地神護法品第十一
爾時，堅牢地神白佛言：「世尊！我從昔來，瞻視頂禮無量菩薩摩訶薩，皆是大不可思議神通智慧，廣度眾生。是地藏菩薩摩訶薩，于諸菩薩，誓願深重。世尊！是地藏菩薩，于閻浮提，有大因緣。如文殊、普賢、觀音、彌勒，亦化百千身形，度於六道，其愿尚有畢竟。是地藏菩薩，教化六道一切眾生，所發誓愿劫數，如千百億恒河沙。
「世尊！我觀未來及現在眾生，于所住處，于南方清潔之地，以土石
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 至誠懇切地，讚美、恭敬，佈施供養。這個人會獲得巨大的果報，無量無邊。如果能將這些功德迴向給整個法界，那他的福報就無法用言語來形容了。
『再者，地藏！如果未來世中，有善男子、善女人，遇到新建的佛塔寺廟、大乘經典，能佈施供養，瞻仰禮拜，讚美，恭敬合掌；如果遇到舊的或者毀壞的，能修繕整理，或者自己發心，或者勸說多人一同發心。這樣的人，在三十世中，常常會成為各個小國的國王。而佈施供養的人，常常會成為轉輪聖王，再用善法教化各個小國的國王。
『再者，地藏！未來世中，如果有善男子、善女人，在佛法中，所種下的善根，無論是佈施供養，還是修繕塔寺，還是裝裱整理經典，哪怕只是一毛一塵，一沙一滴。這樣的善事，只要能迴向給整個法界，這個人所獲得的功德，在百千世中，都會享受最美好的快樂。如果只是迴向給自己的眷屬，或者自身的利益，這樣的果報，也能夠在三世中享受快樂，捨棄一份付出，得到萬倍的回報。所以，地藏！佈施的因緣，就是這樣的。』
地神護法品第十一
這時，堅牢地神（守護大地的神）對佛說：『世尊！我從過去到現在，瞻仰頂禮過無數的菩薩摩訶薩（偉大的菩薩），他們都具有不可思議的神通智慧，廣度眾生。而這位地藏菩薩摩訶薩，在所有菩薩中，他的誓願最為深重。世尊！這位地藏菩薩，在閻浮提（我們所居住的這個世界）有很大的因緣。像文殊（智慧的象徵）、普賢（實踐的象徵）、觀音（慈悲的象徵）、彌勒（未來的佛），他們也化現百千身形，度化六道眾生，他們的願力尚有終結的時候。而這位地藏菩薩，教化六道一切眾生，所發誓愿的劫數，就像千百億恒河沙一樣多。
『世尊！我觀察未來和現在的眾生，在他們所居住的地方，在南方的清潔之地，用土石
【English Translation】 English version With utmost sincerity, praise, respect, and give offerings. Such a person will receive great rewards, immeasurable and boundless. If they can dedicate these merits to the entire Dharma realm, their blessings will be beyond description.
'Furthermore, Ksitigarbha! If in the future world, there are good men and good women who encounter newly built Buddha pagodas, temples, or Mahayana scriptures, and they give offerings, pay homage, praise, and respectfully join their palms; if they encounter old or damaged ones, and they repair and restore them, either by their own initiative or by encouraging many others to join in, such beings will often be kings of small countries for thirty lifetimes. Those who give offerings will often become Wheel-Turning Kings, and they will use the good Dharma to teach the kings of the small countries.
'Furthermore, Ksitigarbha! In the future world, if there are good men and good women who, in the Buddhadharma, plant good roots, whether through giving offerings, repairing pagodas and temples, or adorning and arranging scriptures, even if it is just a hair, a speck of dust, a grain of sand, or a drop of water. Such good deeds, if they can be dedicated to the entire Dharma realm, the merits of this person will allow them to enjoy supreme bliss for hundreds and thousands of lifetimes. If they only dedicate it to their own family or for their own benefit, such a result will allow them to enjoy happiness for three lifetimes, gaining ten thousandfold in return for one offering. Therefore, Ksitigarbha! The causes and conditions of giving are like this.'
Chapter Eleven: The Earth Deity's Protection of the Dharma
At that time, the Earth Deity, Firm and Solid (guardian of the earth), said to the Buddha, 'World Honored One! From the past until now, I have gazed upon and bowed to countless Bodhisattva Mahasattvas (great Bodhisattvas), all of whom possess inconceivable spiritual powers and wisdom, extensively liberating sentient beings. This Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Mahasattva, among all Bodhisattvas, has the deepest and most profound vows. World Honored One! This Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva has great karmic connections in Jambudvipa (the world we inhabit). Like Manjushri (symbol of wisdom), Samantabhadra (symbol of practice), Avalokiteshvara (symbol of compassion), and Maitreya (the future Buddha), they also manifest hundreds and thousands of forms to liberate beings in the six realms, and their vows still have an end. But this Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, in teaching all beings in the six realms, the number of kalpas (eons) of his vows is like billions of Ganges River sands.
'World Honored One! I observe future and present beings, in the places where they dwell, in the clean southern areas, using earth and stones'
竹木，作其龕室。是中能塑畫，乃至金銀銅鐵，作地藏形像，燒香供養，瞻禮讚嘆。是人居處，即得十種利益。何等為十？一者，土地豐壤。二者，家宅永安。三者，先亡生天。四者，現存益壽。五者，所求遂意。六者，無水火災。七者，虛耗辟除。八者，杜絕惡夢。九者，出入神護。十者，多遇聖因。
「世尊！未來世中，及現在眾生，若能于所住處方面，作如是供養，得如是利益。」
復白佛言：「世尊！未來世中，若有善男子、善女人，于所住處，有此經典及菩薩像，是人更能轉讀經典，供養菩薩。我常日夜，以本神力，衛護是人，乃至水火盜賊，大橫小橫，一切惡事，悉皆銷滅。」
佛告堅牢地神：「汝大神力，諸神少及。何以故？閻浮土地，悉蒙汝護。乃至草木沙石，稻麻竹葦，穀米寶貝，從地而有，皆因汝力。又常稱揚地藏菩薩利益之事，汝之功德，及以神通，百千倍于常分。地神！若未來世中，有善男子、善女人，供養菩薩，及轉讀是經，但依地藏本願經一事修行者，汝以本神力，而擁護之。勿令一切災害，及不如意事，輒聞于耳，何況令受？非但汝獨護是人故，亦有釋梵眷屬、諸天眷屬，擁護是人。何故得如是聖賢擁護？皆由瞻禮地藏形像，及轉讀是本願經故。自然畢竟出離苦海
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 用竹子或木頭製作龕室，在其中塑造或繪畫，甚至用金銀銅鐵製作地藏菩薩（Ksitigarbha）的形像，焚香供養，瞻仰禮拜，讚歎歌頌。這個人所居住的地方，就能得到十種利益。是哪十種呢？第一，土地肥沃豐饒。第二，家宅永遠平安。第三，已故的親人能往生天界。第四，在世的人能增福延壽。第五，所求的事情都能如願。第六，沒有水災火災。第七，虛耗之事被消除。第八，杜絕惡夢。第九，出入都有神靈護佑。第十，常常遇到聖賢的因緣。 『世尊！未來世中，以及現在的眾生，如果能在自己居住的地方，按照這樣的方式供養，就能得到這樣的利益。』 又稟告佛說：『世尊！未來世中，如果有善男子、善女人，在自己居住的地方，有這部經典和菩薩的形像，這個人如果更能轉讀經典，供養菩薩。我常常日夜用我本有的神力，衛護這個人，乃至水災火災、盜賊，大的橫禍小的橫禍，一切不好的事情，都全部消滅。』 佛告訴堅牢地神（Drdha）：『你的大神力，眾神都難以相比。為什麼呢？閻浮提（Jambudvipa）的土地，都蒙受你的護佑。乃至草木沙石，稻麻竹葦，穀米寶貝，從地上生長出來的，都是因為你的力量。你又常常稱揚地藏菩薩利益眾生的事蹟，你的功德，以及你的神通，比平常要多出百千倍。地神！如果未來世中，有善男子、善女人，供養菩薩，以及轉讀這部經典，只要依照《地藏本願經》一事修行的人，你就要用你本有的神力，來擁護他。不要讓一切災害，以及不如意的事情，輕易地傳入他的耳中，更何況讓他遭受呢？不只是你獨自護佑這個人，還有釋提桓因（Sakra devanam Indra）、梵天（Brahma）的眷屬、諸天眷屬，都來擁護這個人。為什麼能得到這些聖賢的擁護呢？都是因為瞻仰禮拜地藏菩薩的形像，以及轉讀這部《本願經》的緣故。自然最終能夠脫離苦海。』
【English Translation】 English version Make a shrine of bamboo or wood. Within it, sculpt or paint, or even use gold, silver, copper, or iron to create an image of Ksitigarbha (Earth Treasury Bodhisattva), burn incense, make offerings, gaze upon it with reverence, and praise it. The place where this person dwells will receive ten benefits. What are the ten? First, the land will be fertile and abundant. Second, the home will be forever peaceful. Third, deceased relatives will be reborn in the heavens. Fourth, those living will have their lives extended. Fifth, all wishes will be fulfilled. Sixth, there will be no floods or fires. Seventh, wasteful expenses will be eliminated. Eighth, bad dreams will be prevented. Ninth, divine protection will be received when going out and coming in. Tenth, one will often encounter the causes of enlightenment. 'World Honored One! In the future, and for beings now living, if they can make such offerings in the place where they dwell, they will receive such benefits.' Again, he said to the Buddha, 'World Honored One! In the future, if there are good men or good women who, in the place where they dwell, have this Sutra and the image of the Bodhisattva, and if this person can further recite the Sutra and make offerings to the Bodhisattva, I will constantly, day and night, use my inherent divine power to protect this person, even from floods, fires, thieves, great calamities, small calamities, and all evil things, which will all be extinguished.' The Buddha told Drdha (Firm Earth) Earth Spirit, 'Your great divine power is unmatched by other spirits. Why is this? The land of Jambudvipa is entirely under your protection. Even the grasses, trees, sand, stones, rice, hemp, bamboo, reeds, grains, and treasures that come from the earth are all due to your power. Moreover, you constantly praise the beneficial deeds of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva. Your merit and your spiritual powers are a hundred thousand times greater than usual. Earth Spirit! If in the future there are good men or good women who make offerings to the Bodhisattva and recite this Sutra, and who practice according to the single teaching of the Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva's Fundamental Vows Sutra, you should use your inherent divine power to protect them. Do not let any calamities or unpleasant things easily reach their ears, let alone cause them to suffer. It is not only you who protect this person, but also the retinue of Sakra devanam Indra (Indra), the retinue of Brahma, and the retinues of all the devas, who will protect this person. Why do they receive the protection of these sages and worthies? It is all because they gaze upon and revere the image of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva and recite this Fundamental Vows Sutra. Naturally, they will ultimately escape the sea of suffering.'
，證涅槃樂。以是之故，得大擁護。」
見聞利益品第十二
爾時，世尊從頂門上，放百千萬億大毫相光——所謂白毫相光、大白毫相光、瑞毫相光、大瑞毫相光、玉毫相光、大玉毫相光、紫毫相光、大紫毫相光、青毫相光、大青毫相光、碧毫相光、大碧毫相光、紅毫相光、大紅毫相光、綠毫相光、大綠毫相光、金毫相光、大金毫相光、慶雲毫相光、大慶雲毫相光、千輪毫光、大千輪毫光、寶輪毫光、大寶輪毫光、日輪毫光、大日輪毫光、月輪毫光、大月輪毫光、宮殿毫光、大宮殿毫光、海云毫光、大海云毫光。于頂門上，放如是等毫相光已，出微妙音，告諸大眾、天龍八部、人、非人等：「聽吾今日于忉利天宮稱揚讚歎地藏菩薩於人天中利益等事、不思議事、超聖因事、證十地事、畢竟不退阿耨多羅三藐三菩提事。」
說是語時，會中有一菩薩摩訶薩，名觀世音，從座而起，胡跪合掌，白佛言：「世尊！是地藏菩薩摩訶薩，具大慈悲，憐愍罪苦眾生，于千萬億世界，化千萬億身。所有功德，及不思議威神之力，我聞世尊與十方無量諸佛，異口同音，讚歎地藏菩薩云：正使過去現在未來諸佛，說其功德，猶不能盡。曏者，又蒙世尊普告大眾，欲稱揚地藏利益等事。唯愿世尊，為現在未來一切眾生，
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：，證得涅槃的快樂。因此，得到大力的護佑。
見聞利益品第十二
那時，世尊從頭頂放出百千萬億道大毫相光——即所謂的白毫相光、大白毫相光、瑞毫相光、大瑞毫相光、玉毫相光、大玉毫相光、紫毫相光、大紫毫相光、青毫相光、大青毫相光、碧毫相光、大碧毫相光、紅毫相光、大紅毫相光、綠毫相光、大綠毫相光、金毫相光、大金毫相光、慶雲毫相光、大慶雲毫相光、千輪毫光、大千輪毫光、寶輪毫光、大寶輪毫光、日輪毫光、大日輪毫光、月輪毫光、大月輪毫光、宮殿毫光、大宮殿毫光、海云毫光、大海云毫光。在頭頂放出這些毫相光后，發出微妙的聲音，告訴各位大眾、天龍八部（天眾、龍眾等八類護法神）、人、非人等：『聽我今天在忉利天宮（欲界六天中的第二天）稱揚讚歎地藏菩薩在人天中利益眾生的事蹟、不可思議的事蹟、超越聖賢的因緣、證得十地（菩薩修行的十個階位）的事蹟、最終不退轉于阿耨多羅三藐三菩提（無上正等正覺）的事蹟。』
說完這些話時，會中有一位菩薩摩訶薩（大菩薩），名叫觀世音（菩薩名），從座位上站起來，右膝跪地，合掌，對佛說：『世尊！這位地藏菩薩摩訶薩，具有大慈悲心，憐憫受苦的眾生，在千萬億世界，化現千萬億身。他所有的功德，以及不可思議的威神之力，我聽世尊與十方無量諸佛，異口同聲地讚歎地藏菩薩說：即使過去、現在、未來諸佛，說他的功德，也說不盡。剛才，又蒙世尊普告大眾，想要稱揚地藏菩薩的利益等事。唯愿世尊，爲了現在和未來的一切眾生，
【English Translation】 English version: , and attain the bliss of Nirvana. Therefore, they receive great protection.』
Chapter Twelve: The Benefits of Seeing and Hearing
At that time, the World Honored One emitted from the crown of his head hundreds of thousands of millions of great light rays of auspicious marks—namely, the white hair mark light, the great white hair mark light, the auspicious hair mark light, the great auspicious hair mark light, the jade hair mark light, the great jade hair mark light, the purple hair mark light, the great purple hair mark light, the blue hair mark light, the great blue hair mark light, the green hair mark light, the great green hair mark light, the red hair mark light, the great red hair mark light, the green hair mark light, the great green hair mark light, the gold hair mark light, the great gold hair mark light, the auspicious cloud hair mark light, the great auspicious cloud hair mark light, the thousand-spoke wheel hair light, the great thousand-spoke wheel hair light, the jewel wheel hair light, the great jewel wheel hair light, the sun wheel hair light, the great sun wheel hair light, the moon wheel hair light, the great moon wheel hair light, the palace hair light, the great palace hair light, the sea cloud hair light, and the great sea cloud hair light. Having emitted these light rays of auspicious marks from the crown of his head, he produced a subtle sound, and addressed the great assembly, the eight classes of gods and dragons, humans, non-humans, and others, saying: 『Listen to me today in the Trayastrimsha Heaven (second of the six heavens of the desire realm), as I praise and extol the benefits that Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva brings to humans and gods, his inconceivable deeds, the causes that transcend the sages, his attainment of the ten stages (ten stages of Bodhisattva practice), and his ultimate non-regression from Anuttara-samyak-sambodhi (unexcelled perfect enlightenment).』
As he spoke these words, a Bodhisattva Mahasattva (great Bodhisattva) named Avalokiteshvara (Bodhisattva name) arose from his seat, knelt on his right knee, joined his palms, and said to the Buddha: 『World Honored One! This Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Mahasattva possesses great compassion, pities suffering beings, and manifests hundreds of thousands of millions of bodies in hundreds of thousands of millions of worlds. All his merits and inconceivable spiritual powers, I have heard the World Honored One and the countless Buddhas of the ten directions praise Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva with one voice, saying: Even if the Buddhas of the past, present, and future were to speak of his merits, they could not exhaust them. Just now, the World Honored One has also announced to the great assembly that he wishes to extol the benefits of Ksitigarbha. I beseech the World Honored One, for the sake of all beings of the present and future,
稱揚地藏不思議事，令天龍八部，瞻禮獲福。」
佛告觀世音菩薩：「汝于娑婆世界，有大因緣。若天若龍、若男若女、若神若鬼，乃至六道罪苦眾生，聞汝名者、見汝形者、戀慕汝者、讚歎汝者，是諸眾生，于無上道，必不退轉，常生人天，具受妙樂，因果將熟，遇佛授記。汝今具大慈悲，憐愍眾生，及天龍八部，聽吾宣說地藏菩薩不思議利益之事。汝當諦聽，吾今說之。」
觀世音言：「唯然，世尊！愿樂欲聞。」
佛告觀世音菩薩：「未來現在諸世界中，有天人受天福盡，有五衰相現，或有墮于惡道之者。如是天人，若男若女，當現相時，或見地藏菩薩形像，或聞地藏菩薩名，一瞻一禮，是諸天人，轉增天福，受大快樂，永不墮三惡道報。何況見聞菩薩，以諸香、華、衣服、飲食、寶貝、瓔珞，佈施供養，所獲功德福利，無量無邊。
「複次，觀世音！若未來現在諸世界中，六道眾生，臨命終時，得聞地藏菩薩名，一聲歷耳根者，是諸眾生，永不歷三惡道苦。何況臨命終時，父母眷屬，將是命終人舍宅、財物、寶貝、衣服，塑畫地藏形像。或使病人未終之時，眼耳見聞，知道眷屬將舍宅寶貝等，為其自身，塑畫地藏菩薩形像。是人若是業報合受重病者，承斯功德，尋即除愈，壽命增益
【現代漢語翻譯】 讚揚地藏菩薩不可思議的事蹟，使天龍八部（佛教中的八類護法神）瞻仰禮拜，獲得福報。
佛陀告訴觀世音菩薩：『你與娑婆世界（我們所處的世界）有很深的因緣。無論是天人、龍、男人、女人、神、鬼，乃至六道（佛教中的六種輪迴道）中受苦的眾生，凡是聽到你的名字、見到你的形象、愛慕你、讚歎你的人，這些眾生在無上菩提道（成佛之道）上必定不會退轉，常能轉生到人天善道，享受美好的快樂，因緣成熟時，會遇到佛陀授記。你現在具有大慈悲心，憐憫眾生以及天龍八部，聽我宣說地藏菩薩不可思議的利益之事。你應當仔細聽，我現在就說。』
觀世音菩薩說：『是的，世尊！我非常樂意聽聞。』
佛陀告訴觀世音菩薩：『在未來和現在的各個世界中，有些天人享受天福完畢，出現五衰相（天人壽命將盡的五種衰敗徵兆），或者有墮落到惡道（地獄、餓鬼、畜生）的。這樣的天人，無論是男是女，當出現衰敗徵兆時，如果見到地藏菩薩的形象，或者聽到地藏菩薩的名號，只要瞻仰禮拜一次，這些天人就會轉增天福，享受更大的快樂，永遠不會墮落到三惡道受報。更何況是見到或聽到菩薩的名號，用各種香、花、衣服、飲食、寶貝、瓔珞等佈施供養，所獲得的功德福報，更是無量無邊。
『再者，觀世音！如果未來和現在的各個世界中，六道眾生在臨命終時，能夠聽到地藏菩薩的名號，哪怕只是一聲傳入耳根，這些眾生就永遠不會經歷三惡道的痛苦。更何況在臨命終時，父母眷屬將這個臨終者的房屋、財物、寶貝、衣服，用來塑造或繪畫地藏菩薩的形象。或者讓病人未死之前，眼睛和耳朵能夠看到或聽到，知道眷屬將房屋寶貝等，爲了他自身，塑造或繪畫地藏菩薩的形象。這個人如果是業報註定要遭受重病，憑藉這個功德，也會立刻痊癒，壽命增長。』
【English Translation】 『Praising the inconceivable deeds of Ksitigarbha, causing the eight classes of gods and dragons (Devas and Nagas) to venerate and receive blessings.』
The Buddha told Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara: 『You have a great affinity with the Saha world (the world we live in). Whether they are gods, dragons, men, women, deities, ghosts, or even sentient beings suffering in the six realms (the six paths of reincarnation in Buddhism), those who hear your name, see your form, admire you, or praise you, these beings will surely not regress on the path to unsurpassed enlightenment (Buddhahood), will often be reborn in the human and heavenly realms, enjoy wonderful happiness, and when the karmic conditions mature, they will meet a Buddha who will bestow a prophecy upon them. You now possess great compassion, pitying sentient beings and the eight classes of gods and dragons. Listen to me explain the inconceivable benefits of Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha. You should listen carefully, I will now speak.』
Avalokitesvara said: 『Yes, World Honored One! I am very willing to listen.』
The Buddha told Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara: 『In the future and present worlds, there are gods and humans whose heavenly blessings are exhausted, and the five signs of decay (five signs of decline indicating the end of a deva's lifespan) appear, or some may fall into evil realms (hell, hungry ghosts, animals). Such gods and humans, whether male or female, when these signs appear, if they see the image of Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha, or hear the name of Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha, even if they only look at and bow once, these gods and humans will increase their heavenly blessings, enjoy greater happiness, and will never fall into the three evil realms to suffer retribution. How much more so if they see or hear the Bodhisattva, and make offerings with various incense, flowers, clothing, food, treasures, and necklaces, the merits and blessings they obtain will be immeasurable and boundless.』
『Furthermore, Avalokitesvara! If in the future and present worlds, sentient beings in the six realms, when they are about to die, can hear the name of Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha, even if it is just one sound that enters their ears, these beings will never experience the suffering of the three evil realms. How much more so if, at the time of death, their parents and relatives use the dying person's house, property, treasures, and clothing to sculpt or paint an image of Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha. Or if the sick person, before dying, can see or hear, and knows that their relatives are using their house and treasures, etc., to sculpt or paint an image of Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha for their sake. If this person is destined to suffer from a serious illness due to their karma, by virtue of this merit, they will immediately recover and their lifespan will be extended.』
。是人若是業報命盡，應有一切罪障業障，合墮惡趣者，承斯功德，命終之後，即生人天，受勝妙樂，一切罪障，悉皆銷滅。
「複次，觀世音菩薩！若未來世，有男子女人，或乳哺時，或三歲、五歲、十歲已下，亡失父母，乃及亡失兄弟姊妹。是人年既長大，思憶父母，及諸眷屬，不知落在何趣？生何世界？生何天中？是人若能塑畫地藏菩薩形像，乃至聞名，一瞻一禮，一日至七日，莫退初心，聞名見形，瞻禮供養。是人眷屬，假因業故，墮惡趣者，計當劫數，承斯男女兄弟姊妹塑畫地藏形像、瞻禮功德，尋即解脫，生人天中；受勝妙樂者，即承斯功德，轉增聖因，受無量樂。是人更能三七日中，一心瞻禮地藏形像，念其名字，滿於萬遍。當得菩薩現無邊身，具告是人眷屬生界；或於夢中，菩薩現大神力，親領是人于諸世界，見諸眷屬。更能每日，念菩薩名千遍，至於千日。是人當得菩薩遣所在土地鬼神，終身衛護，現世衣食豐溢，無諸疾苦，乃至橫事不入其門，何況及身？是人畢竟得菩薩摩頂授記。
「複次，觀世音菩薩！若未來世，有善男子、善女人，欲發廣大慈心，救度一切眾生者，欲修無上菩提者，欲出離三界者。是諸人等，見地藏形像及聞名者，至心歸依，或以香華衣服、寶貝飲食，供養瞻
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：這個人如果因為業報而壽命將盡，本應承受一切罪過和業障，註定要墮入惡道，但憑藉這份功德，在命終之後，就能轉生到人道或天道，享受殊勝美妙的快樂，一切罪過和業障都將徹底消除。 觀世音菩薩，再者，如果未來世有男子或女人，在哺乳時期，或者三歲、五歲、十歲以下，就失去了父母，乃至失去了兄弟姐妹。這個人長大后，思念父母以及其他親人，不知道他們投生到哪一道？生在哪個世界？生在哪個天界？這個人如果能夠塑造或繪畫地藏菩薩（Ksitigarbha）的形像，乃至聽到地藏菩薩的名號，看一眼、禮拜一下，從一天到七天，不要退失最初的誠心，聽到名號，見到形像，瞻仰禮拜供養。這個人的親屬，如果因為業力而墮入惡道，需要經歷漫長的劫數，但憑藉這個男子或女人、兄弟姐妹塑造地藏菩薩形像、瞻仰禮拜的功德，就能立刻解脫，轉生到人道或天道中；那些已經享受殊勝美妙快樂的親屬，則憑藉這份功德，轉而增長成聖的因緣，享受無量的快樂。這個人如果能在二十一天中，一心瞻仰禮拜地藏菩薩的形像，唸誦他的名號，滿一萬遍。就能得到菩薩顯現無邊的身形，詳細告訴這個人親屬所投生的世界；或者在夢中，菩薩顯現大神力，親自帶領這個人到各個世界，見到他的親屬。如果這個人更能每天唸誦菩薩的名號一千遍，持續一千天。這個人就能得到菩薩派遣所在土地的鬼神，終身護衛，現世衣食豐足，沒有各種疾病痛苦，乃至意外的災禍都不會進入他的家門，更何況降臨到他身上？這個人最終會得到菩薩摩頂授記。 觀世音菩薩，再者，如果未來世有善男子、善女人，想要發起廣大的慈悲心，救度一切眾生，想要修習無上的菩提，想要出離三界。這些人如果見到地藏菩薩的形像，或者聽到他的名號，至誠歸依，或者用香、花、衣服、珍寶、飲食來供養瞻仰。
【English Translation】 English version: If this person, due to the exhaustion of karmic retribution, should have all sins and karmic obstacles, and be destined to fall into evil realms, by virtue of this merit, after the end of their life, they will be reborn in the human or heavenly realms, enjoying supreme and wonderful bliss, and all sins and karmic obstacles will be completely eliminated. Furthermore, Avalokitesvara (Guanyin), if in the future world, there are men or women who, during infancy, or at the age of three, five, or under ten, lose their parents, or even lose their siblings. When these people grow up, they miss their parents and other relatives, not knowing which realm they have been reborn into? Which world they are in? Which heaven they are in? If these people can sculpt or paint the image of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, or even hear his name, take a single glance, or make a single prostration, for one to seven days, without losing their initial sincerity, hearing the name, seeing the image, venerating and making offerings. If these people's relatives, due to karma, have fallen into evil realms, requiring countless kalpas, by virtue of the merit of these men or women, siblings sculpting the image of Ksitigarbha, venerating and making offerings, they will immediately be liberated and reborn in the human or heavenly realms; those relatives who are already enjoying supreme and wonderful bliss, will, by virtue of this merit, increase their holy causes and enjoy immeasurable bliss. If these people can, for twenty-one days, wholeheartedly venerate and make offerings to the image of Ksitigarbha, reciting his name ten thousand times. They will receive the Bodhisattva manifesting his boundless form, telling them in detail the world where their relatives have been reborn; or in a dream, the Bodhisattva will manifest great divine power, personally leading these people to various worlds, to see their relatives. If these people can further recite the Bodhisattva's name one thousand times daily, for one thousand days. These people will receive the Bodhisattva's dispatch of the local earth deities, who will protect them throughout their lives, ensuring that they have abundant food and clothing in this life, without various illnesses and sufferings, and even unexpected disasters will not enter their homes, let alone befall them? These people will ultimately receive the Bodhisattva's prediction of Buddhahood by touching their heads. Furthermore, Avalokitesvara, if in the future world, there are good men and good women who wish to generate great compassion, to save all sentient beings, who wish to cultivate supreme Bodhi, who wish to transcend the three realms. If these people see the image of Ksitigarbha, or hear his name, sincerely take refuge, or make offerings of incense, flowers, clothing, treasures, and food.
禮。是善男女等，所愿速成，永無障礙。
「複次，觀世音！若未來世，有善男子、善女人，欲求現在未來百千萬億等愿、百千萬億等事，但當歸依、瞻禮、供養、讚歎地藏菩薩形像，如是所愿所求，悉皆成就。復愿地藏菩薩，具大慈悲，永擁護我，是人于睡夢中，即得菩薩摩頂授記。
「複次，觀世音菩薩！若未來世，善男子、善女人，于大乘經典，深生珍重，發不思議心，欲讀欲誦。縱遇明師，教視令熟，旋得旋忘，動經年月，不能讀誦。是善男子等，有宿業障，未得銷除，故於大乘經典，無讀誦性。如是之人，聞地藏菩薩名，見地藏菩薩像，具以本心恭敬陳白，更以香、華、衣服、飲食、一切玩具，供養菩薩。以凈水一盞，經一日一夜，安菩薩前，然後合掌請服，回首向南，臨入口時，至心鄭重。服水既畢，慎五辛、酒肉、邪淫、妄語，及諸殺害，一七日，或三七日。是善男子、善女人，于睡夢中，具見地藏菩薩現無邊身，於是人處授灌頂水。其人夢覺，即獲聰明，應是經典，一歷耳根，即當永記，更不忘失一句一偈。
「複次，觀世音菩薩！若未來世，有諸人等：衣食不足，求者乖愿；或多病疾，或多兇衰；家宅不安，眷屬分散；或諸橫事，多來忤身；睡夢之間，多有驚怖。如是人等，聞
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：禮敬。這些善男善女所希望的，都能迅速成就，永遠沒有障礙。 『再者，觀世音！如果未來世，有善男子、善女人，想要祈求現在和未來百千萬億等願望、百千萬億等事情，只要歸依、瞻仰、供養、讚歎地藏菩薩的形像，這樣所希望所祈求的，全部都能成就。又希望地藏菩薩，具有大慈悲心，永遠擁護我，這個人在睡夢中，就能得到菩薩摩頂授記。』 『再者，觀世音菩薩！如果未來世，有善男子、善女人，對於大乘經典，深深地珍重，發起不可思議的心，想要讀誦。即使遇到明師，教導他們學習，讓他們熟練，但很快就忘記，經過很長時間，也不能讀誦。這些善男子等，有前世的業障，沒有消除，所以對於大乘經典，沒有讀誦的能力。這樣的人，聽到地藏菩薩的名號，見到地藏菩薩的像，用真誠的心恭敬地陳述，再用香、花、衣服、飲食、一切玩具，供養菩薩。用一杯凈水，經過一天一夜，放在菩薩面前，然後合掌請服，面向南方，在入口時，至誠鄭重。喝完水后，謹慎不吃五辛、酒肉、邪淫、妄語，以及各種殺害行為，持續七天，或者二十一天。這些善男子、善女人，在睡夢中，就能看到地藏菩薩顯現無邊的身形，在他們那裡授予灌頂水。這個人夢醒后，就能獲得聰明，對於那些經典，只要聽過一次，就能永遠記住，再也不會忘記一句一偈。』 『再者，觀世音菩薩！如果未來世，有這些人：衣食不足，所求不遂心願；或者多病多災，或者多有兇險衰敗；家宅不安寧，眷屬離散；或者各種意外的事情，常常來侵擾自身；睡覺的時候，常常感到驚恐。這樣的人，聽到』
【English Translation】 English version: Homage. These good men and women, whatever they wish for, will quickly achieve it, and will never have obstacles. 'Furthermore, Avalokiteshvara! If in the future, there are good men and good women who wish to seek hundreds of thousands of millions of wishes and hundreds of thousands of millions of things in the present and future, they should just take refuge in, gaze upon, make offerings to, and praise the image of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva. In this way, whatever they wish for and seek will all be fulfilled. Furthermore, they wish that Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, with great compassion, will always protect them. This person, in their sleep, will receive the Bodhisattva's touch on their head and a prediction of their future Buddhahood.' 'Furthermore, Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva! If in the future, there are good men and good women who deeply cherish the Mahayana scriptures, and with an inconceivable mind, wish to read and recite them. Even if they encounter a wise teacher who instructs them to learn and become proficient, they quickly forget, and after many months, they are still unable to read and recite. These good men and women have karmic obstacles from past lives that have not been eliminated, so they do not have the ability to read and recite the Mahayana scriptures. Such people, upon hearing the name of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva and seeing the image of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, should sincerely and respectfully confess their situation, and then make offerings to the Bodhisattva with incense, flowers, clothing, food, and all kinds of toys. They should place a cup of clean water before the Bodhisattva for one day and one night, then with palms together, respectfully drink the water, facing south, and with utmost sincerity. After drinking the water, they should abstain from the five pungent spices, alcohol, meat, sexual misconduct, false speech, and all forms of killing for seven days or twenty-one days. These good men and good women, in their sleep, will see Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva appear in boundless form, and will receive the water of empowerment from him. When they wake up, they will gain wisdom, and upon hearing the scriptures once, they will remember them forever, and will never forget a single verse or line.' 'Furthermore, Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva! If in the future, there are people who lack sufficient clothing and food, and their requests are not fulfilled; or who have many illnesses, or many misfortunes and declines; whose homes are not peaceful, and whose families are scattered; or who are often troubled by unexpected events; and who often feel fear during their sleep. Such people, upon hearing'
地藏名，見地藏形，至心恭敬，念滿萬遍。是諸不如意事，漸漸消滅，即得安樂，衣食豐溢，乃至於睡夢中，悉皆安樂。
「複次，觀世音菩薩！若未來世，有善男子、善女人，或因治生，或因公私，或因生死，或因急事，入山林中，過渡河海，乃及大水，或經險道。是人先當念地藏菩薩名萬遍，所過土地，鬼神衛護，行住坐臥，永保安樂。乃至逢于虎狼師子、一切毒害，不能損之。」
佛告觀世音菩薩：「是地藏菩薩，于閻浮提，有大因緣。若說于諸眾生見聞利益等事，百千劫中，說不能盡。是故，觀世音！汝以神力，流佈是經，令娑婆世界眾生，百千萬劫，永受安樂。」
爾時，世尊而說偈言：
「吾觀地藏威神力， 恒河沙劫說難盡， 見聞瞻禮一念間， 利益人天無量事。 若男若女若龍神， 報盡應當墮惡道， 至心歸依大士身， 壽命轉增除罪障。 少失父母恩愛者， 未知魂神在何趣？ 兄弟姊妹及諸親， 生長以來皆不識。 或塑或畫大士身， 悲戀瞻禮不暫舍， 三七日中念其名。 菩薩當現無邊體， 示其眷屬所生界， 縱墮惡趣尋出離。 若能不退是初心， 即獲摩頂受聖記。 欲修無上菩提者， 乃至出離三界苦， 是
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 稱念地藏（Ksitigarbha）菩薩的名號，見到地藏菩薩的形象，以至誠恭敬的心念誦滿一萬遍。這樣，各種不如意的事情會漸漸消滅，隨即得到安樂，衣食豐足，甚至在睡夢中，也都能感到安樂。 『再者，觀世音（Avalokitesvara）菩薩！如果未來世，有善男子、善女人，因為謀生，或者因為公事私事，或者因為生死大事，或者因為緊急的事情，進入山林中，渡過河流海洋，乃至遇到大水，或者經過危險的道路。這個人應當先念誦地藏菩薩的名號一萬遍，所經過的土地，會有鬼神護衛，無論行走、站立、坐著、躺臥，都能永遠保持安樂。甚至遇到虎狼獅子、各種毒害，也不能傷害他。』 佛告訴觀世音菩薩：『這位地藏菩薩，在閻浮提（Jambudvipa，我們所居住的這個世界）有很大的因緣。如果說關於眾生見聞地藏菩薩而得到的利益等事，即使經過百千劫的時間，也說不完。所以，觀世音！你以神通之力，流傳這部經，讓娑婆世界（Saha world，我們所居住的這個世界）的眾生，百千萬劫，永遠享受安樂。』 當時，世尊說了偈語： 『我觀察地藏菩薩的威神力量，即使經過恒河沙數般的劫數也難以說盡，見聞瞻仰禮拜地藏菩薩哪怕只是一念之間，就能利益人天無量的事情。 如果男子、女子、龍神，壽命將盡應當墮入惡道，至誠歸依地藏菩薩，壽命會增長，罪障會消除。 如果年少時失去父母恩愛的人，不知道他們的靈魂神識在何處？兄弟姐妹以及其他親人，從小長大都不認識。 可以塑造或者繪畫地藏菩薩的形象，以悲傷思念的心情瞻仰禮拜，不要片刻舍離，在二十一天中唸誦地藏菩薩的名號。菩薩會顯現無邊的化身， 指示其眷屬所投生的境界，即使墮入惡道也會迅速脫離。 如果能夠不退失這個最初的信心，就會得到菩薩摩頂授記。 想要修習無上菩提（Anuttara-samyak-sambodhi，無上正等正覺）的人，乃至想要脫離三界（欲界、色界、無色界）的痛苦，
【English Translation】 English version Recite the name of Ksitigarbha (Earth Treasury) Bodhisattva, see the form of Ksitigarbha, and with utmost sincerity and respect, recite it ten thousand times. Then, all unpleasant things will gradually disappear, and you will immediately attain peace and happiness, with abundant food and clothing, and even in your dreams, you will feel at ease. 'Furthermore, Avalokitesvara (Guanyin) Bodhisattva! If in the future, there are good men or good women who, due to making a living, or due to public or private matters, or due to matters of life and death, or due to urgent matters, enter the mountains and forests, cross rivers and seas, or encounter great floods, or pass through dangerous paths. These people should first recite the name of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva ten thousand times. The land they pass through will be protected by ghosts and spirits, and whether walking, standing, sitting, or lying down, they will always be safe and happy. Even if they encounter tigers, wolves, lions, or any kind of poison, they will not be harmed.' The Buddha told Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva: 'This Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva has great karmic connections in Jambudvipa (the world we live in). If one were to speak of the benefits that sentient beings receive from seeing and hearing about Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, it would not be possible to finish even in hundreds of thousands of kalpas (eons). Therefore, Avalokitesvara! You should use your divine power to spread this sutra, so that the sentient beings of the Saha world (the world we live in) may enjoy peace and happiness for hundreds of thousands of kalpas.' At that time, the World Honored One spoke in verse: 'I observe the majestic and spiritual power of Ksitigarbha, which is difficult to describe even in kalpas as numerous as the sands of the Ganges. Seeing, hearing, gazing upon, and paying homage to him, even for a single moment, brings immeasurable benefits to humans and gods. If men, women, or dragon spirits, whose lives are about to end and who should fall into evil paths, sincerely take refuge in the great Bodhisattva, their lifespans will increase, and their karmic obstacles will be removed. If those who lost the love of their parents at a young age do not know where their souls and spirits are, or if brothers, sisters, and other relatives have grown up without knowing each other, they can sculpt or paint the image of the great Bodhisattva, and with sorrowful longing, gaze upon and pay homage to him without leaving for even a moment, and recite his name for twenty-one days. The Bodhisattva will manifest boundless forms, showing the realms where their family members have been reborn, and even if they have fallen into evil paths, they will quickly be liberated. If one can maintain this initial faith without retreating, they will receive the Bodhisattva's touch on the crown of their head and be given a prophecy. Those who wish to cultivate Anuttara-samyak-sambodhi (supreme perfect enlightenment), and even those who wish to escape the suffering of the three realms (desire realm, form realm, formless realm),
人既發大悲心， 先當瞻禮大士像， 一切諸愿速成就， 永無業障能遮止。 有人發心唸經典， 欲度群迷超彼岸， 雖立是愿不思議， 旋讀旋忘多廢失。 斯人有業障惑故， 于大乘經不能記。 供養地藏以香華， 衣服飲食諸玩具， 以凈水安大士前， 一日一夜求服之， 發殷重心慎五辛， 酒肉邪淫及妄語， 三七日內勿殺害， 至心思念大士名。 即于夢中見無邊， 覺來便得利根耳， 應是經教歷耳聞， 千萬生中永不忘。 以是大士不思議， 能使斯人獲此慧。 貧窮眾生及疾病， 家宅兇衰眷屬離， 睡夢之中悉不安， 求者乖違無稱遂。 至心瞻禮地藏像， 一切惡事皆消滅， 至於夢中盡得安， 衣食豐饒神鬼護。 欲入山林及渡海， 毒惡禽獸及惡人， 惡神惡鬼並惡風， 一切諸難諸苦惱。 但當瞻禮及供養， 地藏菩薩大士像， 如是山林大海中， 應是諸惡皆消滅。 觀音至心聽吾說， 地藏無盡不思議， 百千萬劫說不周， 廣宣大士如是力。 地藏名字人若聞， 乃至見像瞻禮者， 香華衣服飲食奉， 供養百千受妙樂， 若能以此回法界， 畢竟成佛超生死。 是
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 一個人如果發起了廣大的慈悲心，首先應當瞻仰禮拜地藏菩薩（Ksitigarbha）的聖像，這樣一切願望都能迅速實現，永遠不會有業障能夠阻礙。 有人發心誦唸佛經，想要度脫眾生，超越生死輪迴的苦海，雖然立下這不可思議的願望，卻常常邊讀邊忘，多有荒廢和缺失。 這是因為這個人有業障和迷惑的緣故，所以對於大乘佛經不能記住。應當用香、花、衣服、飲食和各種玩具來供養地藏菩薩，用乾淨的水安放在菩薩像前，一日一夜虔誠地祈求服用。 要以殷重的心謹慎地戒除五辛（蔥、蒜、韭、薤、興渠），以及酒肉、邪淫和妄語。在二十一天內不要殺害任何生命，至誠懇切地思念地藏菩薩的名號。 這樣就會在夢中見到無邊的景象，醒來后便能得到敏銳的根性，凡是聽過的經教，千萬生中都不會忘記。 這是因為地藏菩薩不可思議的力量，能夠使這個人獲得這樣的智慧。 貧窮的眾生以及患有疾病的人，家宅衰敗、眷屬離散，在睡夢中都感到不安，所求之事常常不如意。 如果能至誠地瞻仰禮拜地藏菩薩的聖像，一切不好的事情都會消滅，在夢中也能得到安寧，衣食豐足，並有神鬼護佑。 想要進入山林或者渡過大海，可能會遇到毒惡的禽獸和惡人，以及惡神、惡鬼和惡風，種種災難和痛苦。 只要瞻仰禮拜和供養地藏菩薩的聖像，在山林和大海中，這些災禍都應當消滅。 觀音（Avalokiteśvara），你要用心聽我說，地藏菩薩的功德無盡不可思議，即使經過百千萬劫也說不完，我將廣泛宣說地藏菩薩的這種力量。 如果有人聽到地藏菩薩的名字，乃至見到菩薩的聖像並瞻仰禮拜，用香、花、衣服、飲食來供奉，供養百千次，就能享受美好的快樂。 如果能將這些功德迴向給法界一切眾生，最終必定能夠成佛，超越生死輪迴。
【English Translation】 English version If a person develops a great compassionate heart, they should first venerate and pay homage to the image of Ksitigarbha (地藏菩薩), so that all wishes can be quickly fulfilled, and no karmic obstacles will ever be able to hinder them. If someone aspires to recite scriptures, wishing to liberate beings and transcend the sea of birth and death, although they make this inconceivable vow, they often forget what they read and have many lapses and omissions. This is because this person has karmic obstacles and delusions, so they cannot remember the Mahayana scriptures. One should offer incense, flowers, clothing, food, and various toys to Ksitigarbha, and place clean water before the image of the Bodhisattva, sincerely praying to consume it for a day and a night. With a sincere heart, one should carefully abstain from the five pungent roots (garlic, onions, leeks, chives, and asafoetida), as well as alcohol, meat, sexual misconduct, and false speech. Within twenty-one days, one should not kill any living beings, and sincerely contemplate the name of Ksitigarbha. Then, one will see boundless visions in dreams, and upon awakening, one will gain sharp faculties. Whatever teachings one has heard, one will never forget in thousands of lifetimes. This is because of the inconceivable power of Ksitigarbha, which can enable this person to obtain such wisdom. Poor beings and those who are ill, whose homes are declining, whose families are scattered, who feel uneasy in their dreams, and whose requests are often not fulfilled. If one sincerely venerates and pays homage to the image of Ksitigarbha, all bad things will be eliminated, one will find peace in dreams, have abundant food and clothing, and be protected by gods and spirits. If one wishes to enter the mountains or cross the sea, one may encounter poisonous beasts and evil people, as well as evil gods, evil spirits, and evil winds, all kinds of disasters and sufferings. As long as one venerates and makes offerings to the image of Ksitigarbha, in the mountains and the sea, these disasters should be eliminated. Avalokiteśvara (觀音), listen carefully to what I say, the merits of Ksitigarbha are endless and inconceivable, even after hundreds of thousands of kalpas, they cannot be fully described. I will widely proclaim the power of Ksitigarbha. If someone hears the name of Ksitigarbha, or even sees the image of the Bodhisattva and venerates it, offering incense, flowers, clothing, and food, making offerings hundreds and thousands of times, they will enjoy wonderful happiness. If one can dedicate these merits to all beings in the Dharma realm, one will ultimately attain Buddhahood and transcend the cycle of birth and death.
故觀音汝當知， 普告恒沙諸國土。」
囑累人天品第十三
爾時，世尊舉金色臂，又摩地藏菩薩摩訶薩頂，而作是言：「地藏！地藏！汝之神力，不可思議；汝之慈悲，不可思議；汝之智慧，不可思議；汝之辯才，不可思議。正使十方諸佛，讚歎宣說汝之不思議事，千萬劫中，不能得盡。地藏！地藏！記吾今日在忉利天中，于百千萬億不可說不可說一切諸佛菩薩、天龍八部大會之中，再以人天諸眾生等，未出三界，在火宅中者，付囑于汝。無令是諸眾生，墮惡趣中一日一夜，何況更落五無間及阿鼻地獄，動經千萬億劫，無有出期？
「地藏！是南閻浮提眾生，志性無定，習惡者多，縱發善心，須臾即退，若遇惡緣，唸唸增長。以是之故，吾分是形，百千億化度，隨其根性而度脫之。地藏！吾今慇勤以天人眾，付囑于汝。未來之世，若有天人，及善男子、善女人，于佛法中，種少善根，一毛一塵，一沙一渧。汝以道力，擁護是人，漸修無上，勿令退失。複次，地藏！未來世中，若天若人，隨業報應，落在惡趣。臨墮趣中，或至門首，是諸眾生，若能念得一佛名、一菩薩名、一句一偈大乘經典。是諸眾生，汝以神力，方便救拔。於是人所，現無邊身，為碎地獄，遣令生天，受勝妙樂。」
爾
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：所以觀音菩薩，你應該知道，要普遍告知像恒河沙數一樣多的各個國土。
囑託人天品第十三
這時，世尊舉起金色的手臂，又摩娑地藏菩薩摩訶薩的頭頂，這樣說道：『地藏！地藏！你的神力，不可思議；你的慈悲，不可思議；你的智慧，不可思議；你的辯才，不可思議。即使十方諸佛，讚歎宣說你的不可思議事蹟，在千萬劫中，也不能說完。地藏！地藏！你要記住我今天在忉利天（欲界六天之一，帝釋天所居之處）中，在百千萬億不可說不可說一切諸佛菩薩、天龍八部（佛教的護法神）大會之中，再次將人天諸眾生等，那些還沒有脫離三界（欲界、色界、無色界），還在火宅（比喻充滿煩惱和痛苦的世間）中的眾生，託付給你。不要讓這些眾生，墮落到惡道中哪怕是一天一夜，更何況是墮入五無間（指極重罪業所受的苦報）和阿鼻地獄（八大地獄中最苦之處），動輒經歷千萬億劫，沒有出離之期？』
『地藏！這南閻浮提（我們所居住的娑婆世界）的眾生，心性不定，作惡的很多，即使發了善心，很快就會退失，如果遇到惡緣，惡念就會念念增長。因為這個緣故，我分化出百千億化身來度化他們，隨著他們的根性而度脫他們。地藏！我現在慇勤地將天人和人眾，託付給你。未來世中，如果有天人，以及善男子、善女人，在佛法中，種下少許善根，哪怕是一毛一塵，一沙一滴。你要用你的道力，擁護這些人，讓他們逐漸修習無上道，不要讓他們退失。再次，地藏！未來世中，如果天人，隨著業報應，墮落在惡道中。臨近墮落惡道，或者已經到了惡道門口，這些眾生，如果能夠念得一聲佛名、一聲菩薩名、一句一偈大乘經典。這些眾生，你要用你的神力，方便救拔。在這些人所在之處，顯現無邊身，摧毀地獄，讓他們往生天界，享受殊勝的快樂。』
這時
【English Translation】 English version: Therefore, Avalokiteshvara (觀音), you should know, and universally proclaim to all lands as numerous as the sands of the Ganges.
Chapter Thirteen: Entrusting to Humans and Devas
At that time, the World Honored One raised his golden arm and again stroked the crown of the head of Bodhisattva Mahasattva Ksitigarbha (地藏), and said these words: 'Ksitigarbha! Ksitigarbha! Your spiritual power is inconceivable; your compassion is inconceivable; your wisdom is inconceivable; your eloquence is inconceivable. Even if all the Buddhas of the ten directions were to praise and proclaim your inconceivable deeds, they could not exhaust them in millions of kalpas (劫, eons). Ksitigarbha! Ksitigarbha! Remember that today, in the Trayastrimsa Heaven (忉利天, one of the six heavens of the desire realm, where Indra resides), in the great assembly of hundreds of thousands of millions of inexpressible, inexpressible Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, and the eight classes of gods and dragons (天龍八部, protectors of Buddhism), I again entrust to you all the beings of humans and devas, those who have not yet left the three realms (欲界, 色界, 無色界, desire realm, form realm, formless realm), and are still in the burning house (火宅, a metaphor for the world filled with afflictions and suffering). Do not let these beings fall into evil realms for even a single day or night, let alone fall into the five Avici hells (五無間, hells for extremely grave offenses) and the Avici hell (阿鼻地獄, the most painful of the eight great hells), where they would suffer for millions of kalpas without any hope of release?'
'Ksitigarbha! The beings of Jambudvipa (南閻浮提, the world we inhabit) have unstable minds, and many are inclined to evil. Even if they generate good thoughts, they quickly regress. If they encounter evil conditions, their evil thoughts grow moment by moment. Because of this, I manifest hundreds of thousands of millions of transformation bodies to liberate them, according to their individual capacities. Ksitigarbha! I now earnestly entrust to you the assembly of devas and humans. In the future, if there are devas, good men, or good women who plant even a small root of goodness in the Dharma, even as small as a hair, a mote of dust, a grain of sand, or a drop of water, you should use your spiritual power to protect these people, so that they may gradually cultivate the unsurpassed path and not regress. Furthermore, Ksitigarbha! In the future, if devas or humans, according to their karmic retribution, fall into evil realms, and are about to fall into those realms, or have already reached the entrance, if these beings can recite the name of one Buddha, the name of one Bodhisattva, or one verse of a Mahayana (大乘, the Great Vehicle) scripture, you should use your spiritual power to expediently rescue them. In the places where these people are, manifest boundless bodies, destroy the hells, and cause them to be reborn in the heavens, where they may enjoy supreme bliss.'
At that time
時，世尊而說偈言：
「現在未來天人眾， 吾今慇勤付囑汝， 以大神通方便度， 勿令墮在諸惡趣。」
爾時，地藏菩薩摩訶薩胡跪合掌，白佛言：「世尊！唯愿世尊，不以為慮。未來世中，若有善男子、善女人，于佛法中，一念恭敬，我亦百千方便，度脫是人，于生死中，速得解脫。何況聞諸善事，唸唸修行？自然于無上道，永不退轉。」
說是語時，會中有一菩薩，名虛空藏，白佛言：「世尊！我自至忉利，聞于如來讚歎地藏菩薩威神勢力，不可思議。未來世中，若有善男子、善女人，乃及一切天龍，聞此經典，及地藏名字，或瞻禮形像，得幾種福利？唯愿世尊，為未來現在一切眾等，略而說之。」
佛告虛空藏菩薩：「諦聽！諦聽！吾當為汝分別說之。若未來世，有善男子、善女人，見地藏形像，及聞此經，乃至讀誦，香華飲食、衣服珍寶，佈施供養，讚歎瞻禮，得二十八種利益：一者天龍護念，二者善果日增，三者集聖上因，四者菩提不退，五者衣食豐足，六者疾疫不臨，七者離水火災，八者無盜賊厄，九者人見欽敬，十者神鬼助持，十一者女轉男身，十二者為王臣女，十三者端正相好，十四者多生天上，十五者或為帝王，十六者宿智命通，十七者有求皆從，十八者眷屬歡樂
，十九者諸橫銷滅，二十者業道永除，二十一者去處盡通，二十二者夜夢安樂，二十三者先亡離苦，二十四者宿福受生，二十五者諸聖讚歎，二十六者聰明利根，二十七者饒慈愍心，二十八者畢竟成佛。
「複次，虛空藏菩薩！若現在未來，天龍鬼神，聞地藏名，禮地藏形，或聞地藏本願事行，讚歎瞻禮，得七種利益：一者速超聖地，二者惡業銷滅，三者諸佛護臨，四者菩提不退，五者增長本力，六者宿命皆通，七者畢竟成佛。」
爾時，十方一切諸來不可說不可說諸佛如來，及大菩薩、天龍八部，聞釋迦牟尼佛，稱揚讚歎地藏菩薩，大威神力，不可思議，嘆未曾有。是時忉利天，雨無量香華，天衣珠瓔，供養釋迦牟尼佛，及地藏菩薩已。一切眾會，俱復瞻禮，合掌而退。
地藏菩薩本願經卷下
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 十九、各種橫禍消滅，二十、惡業的道路永遠消除，二十一、所去之處一切通達無礙，二十二、夜晚做夢安穩快樂，二十三、已故的親人脫離苦難，二十四、過去所修的福報得以受用，並能轉生善處，二十五、受到諸位聖賢的讚歎，二十六、變得聰明且具有敏銳的根性，二十七、充滿慈悲憐憫之心，二十八、最終成就佛果。
『再者，虛空藏菩薩（Xukongzang Pusa，菩薩名）！如果現在或未來，天龍（Tianlong，天神和龍神）、鬼神等眾生，聽聞地藏（Dizang，菩薩名）之名，禮拜地藏的形象，或者聽聞地藏菩薩的本願事蹟和修行，並加以讚歎瞻仰禮拜，可以獲得七種利益：一、迅速超越凡夫境界，到達聖賢之地；二、惡業消滅；三、得到諸佛的護佑和降臨；四、菩提心永不退轉；五、增長自身原有的力量；六、能夠通曉過去世的宿命；七、最終成就佛果。』
當時，十方一切前來集會的不可說不可說諸佛如來（Zhufurulai，佛的稱號），以及大菩薩、天龍八部（Tianlongbabu，佛教中的八類護法神）等，聽聞釋迦牟尼佛（Shijiamouni Fo，佛名）稱揚讚歎地藏菩薩的大威神力，不可思議，都感嘆從未有過這樣的殊勝。這時，忉利天（Daolitian，欲界六天之一）降下無量的香花、天衣和珠寶瓔珞，供養釋迦牟尼佛和地藏菩薩。一切在場的眾會，都再次瞻仰禮拜，合掌而退。
《地藏菩薩本願經》卷下
【English Translation】 English version Nineteenth, all kinds of unexpected disasters are extinguished; twentieth, the path of evil karma is forever eliminated; twenty-first, all places one goes are unobstructed; twenty-second, one has peaceful and joyful dreams at night; twenty-third, deceased relatives are liberated from suffering; twenty-fourth, past blessings are received and one is reborn in a good place; twenty-fifth, one is praised by all the sages; twenty-sixth, one becomes intelligent and possesses sharp faculties; twenty-seventh, one is filled with compassion and mercy; twenty-eighth, one ultimately attains Buddhahood.
'Furthermore, Bodhisattva Xukongzang (Xukongzang Pusa, name of a Bodhisattva)! If in the present or future, beings such as gods, dragons (Tianlong, gods and dragon deities), and ghosts, hear the name of Dizang (Dizang, name of a Bodhisattva), pay homage to the image of Dizang, or hear of Dizang Bodhisattva's fundamental vows and practices, and praise and venerate them, they will obtain seven benefits: first, they will quickly transcend the realm of ordinary beings and reach the realm of sages; second, evil karma will be extinguished; third, they will receive the protection and presence of all Buddhas; fourth, their Bodhi mind will never regress; fifth, their original power will increase; sixth, they will be able to understand their past lives; seventh, they will ultimately attain Buddhahood.'
At that time, all the ineffable and countless Buddhas Tathagatas (Zhufurulai, title of a Buddha) who had come from the ten directions, as well as the great Bodhisattvas, the eight classes of gods and dragons (Tianlongbabu, eight classes of protective deities in Buddhism), upon hearing Shakyamuni Buddha (Shijiamouni Fo, name of a Buddha) extolling and praising the great spiritual power of Dizang Bodhisattva, which is inconceivable, all marveled at such unprecedented magnificence. At this time, the Trayastrimsha Heaven (Daolitian, one of the six heavens in the desire realm) rained down immeasurable fragrant flowers, heavenly garments, and jeweled necklaces as offerings to Shakyamuni Buddha and Dizang Bodhisattva. All the assembled beings once again paid homage and retreated with palms joined.
The Sutra of the Fundamental Vows of Bodhisattva Dizang, Scroll Two