T22n1422b_五分戒本

大正藏第 22 冊 No. 1422b 五分戒本

◎五分戒本(亦名彌沙塞戒本)

宋罽賓三藏佛陀什等譯

「大德僧聽!冬時一月過少一夜,余有一夜三月在。老死至近,佛法欲滅。諸大德!為得道故,一心勤精進。所以者何?諸佛一心勤精進故得無上菩提,何況余善道法!未受具足者已出。僧今和合先作何事?」(一人應答:「布薩說戒。」)「諸大德!為未來諸比丘說欲及清凈。」

「合十指爪掌,  供養釋師子,  我今欲說戒,  僧當一心聽。  乃至小罪中,  心應大怖畏,  有罪一心悔,  后更莫復犯。  心馬馳惡道,  放逸難禁制,  佛說切戒行,  亦如利轡勒。  佛口說教戒,  善者能信受,  是人馬調順,  能破煩惱軍。  若不受教敕,  亦不愛樂戒,  是人馬不調,  沒在煩惱軍。  若人守護戒,  如牦牛愛尾,  繫心不放逸,  亦如猴著鎖。  日夜常精進,  求實智慧故,  是人佛法中,  能得清凈命。」

「大德僧聽!今十五日布薩說戒,若僧時到僧忍聽,僧一心共作布薩。白如是。」「有罪者發露,無罪者默然。默然故,當知諸大德清凈。若比丘知如是眾中三唱,憶有罪不發露,得故妄語罪

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 ◎五分戒本(亦名彌沙塞戒本) 宋 罽賓(Kashmir)三藏 佛陀什(Buddhaśīla)等譯

『大德僧眾聽!冬天已經過去一個月,還剩一夜,還有三個月。衰老和死亡非常接近,佛法將要衰滅。諸位大德!爲了證得道果,要一心勤奮精進。為什麼呢?諸佛都是因為一心勤奮精進而證得無上菩提(Anuttarā-samyak-sambodhi),更何況其他的善道之法!沒有受過具足戒的人請離開。僧團現在和合,首先應該做什麼事?』(一人應答:『布薩(Poṣadha)說戒。』)『諸位大德!爲了未來諸位比丘(bhikṣu)的利益,宣說求戒的意願以及清凈。』

『合起十指,掌心相對,供養釋迦牟尼佛(Śākyamuni),我現在想要宣說戒律,僧眾應當一心諦聽。乃至對於微小的罪過,心中也應該生起極大的怖畏,有罪要一心懺悔,之後更不要再犯。心如野馬奔馳于惡道,放逸難以禁止,佛陀所說的戒律,就像鋒利的韁繩。佛陀口中所說的教誡,善良的人能夠信受,這樣的人就像調順的馬,能夠摧破煩惱大軍。如果不接受教敕,也不喜愛戒律,這樣的人就像沒有調伏的馬,沉沒在煩惱大軍中。如果有人守護戒律,就像牦牛愛惜自己的尾巴一樣,繫縛自己的心念不放逸,也像猴子被鎖鏈束縛一樣。日夜精進不懈,爲了尋求真實的智慧,這樣的人在佛法中,能夠得到清凈的生命。』

『大德僧眾聽!今天是十五日布薩說戒的日子,如果僧眾認為時機已到,僧眾忍可聽受,僧眾就一心共同舉行布薩。稟白如上。』『有罪的人應當發露懺悔,沒有罪的人就保持沉默。因為沉默的緣故,應當知道諸位大德是清凈的。如果比丘知道僧眾已經三次宣告,還憶起自己有罪而不發露,就犯了故意妄語罪(samprajānamṛṣāvāda)。』

【English Translation】 English version ◎ The Five-Part Vinaya (also known as the Mahīśāsaka Vinaya) Translated by the Tripiṭaka Master Buddhaśīla (佛陀什) from Kashmir (罽賓) and others during the Song Dynasty

'Venerable Sangha, listen! One month of winter has passed, with one night remaining, and three months remain. Old age and death are very near, and the Buddha's Dharma is about to decline. Venerable ones! For the sake of attaining the Path, diligently strive with one mind. Why is that? Because all Buddhas attained Anuttarā-samyak-sambodhi (無上菩提) through diligent striving with one mind, how much more so other virtuous paths! Those who have not received the full ordination should leave. Now that the Sangha is assembled in harmony, what should be done first?' (One person answers: 'The Poṣadha (布薩) recitation of the precepts.') 'Venerable ones! For the benefit of future bhikṣus (比丘), declare the desire for ordination and purity.'

'Joining the ten fingers, palms together, offering to Śākyamuni Buddha (釋迦牟尼佛), I now wish to recite the precepts, the Sangha should listen attentively with one mind. Even for the smallest offenses, one should feel great fear in one's heart, repent wholeheartedly for any offenses, and never commit them again. The mind is like a wild horse galloping on evil paths, and it is difficult to restrain its recklessness. The precepts spoken by the Buddha are like sharp reins. The teachings spoken by the Buddha, the virtuous are able to believe and accept. Such a person is like a well-trained horse, able to destroy the army of afflictions. If one does not accept the teachings, nor love the precepts, such a person is like an untamed horse, submerged in the army of afflictions. If one guards the precepts, like a yak cherishing its tail, restraining one's mind and not being reckless, like a monkey bound by chains. Day and night, constantly striving diligently, seeking true wisdom, such a person in the Buddha's Dharma, is able to obtain a pure life.'

'Venerable Sangha, listen! Today is the fifteenth day, the day for the Poṣadha recitation of the precepts. If the Sangha deems it the right time, and the Sangha consents to listen, then the Sangha should wholeheartedly perform the Poṣadha together. Announce as such.' 'Those who have offenses should confess and repent, those who have no offenses should remain silent. Because of the silence, it should be known that the venerable ones are pure. If a bhikṣu knows that the Sangha has announced this three times, and still remembers having offenses but does not confess, he commits the offense of intentional false speech (samprajānamṛṣāvāda).'


。佛說故妄語罪障道法。若比丘如是眾中欲求清凈法,憶有罪應發露,發露則安隱,不發露罪益深。諸大德!已說戒序竟。今問,諸大德是中清凈不?」(如是三說)「諸大德是中清凈,默然故,是事如是持。」

「諸大德!是四波羅夷法,半月半月戒經中說。

「若比丘,于和合僧中受具足戒,不還戒、戒羸不出想,行淫法乃至共畜生。是比丘犯波羅夷罪,不應共事。

「若比丘,若聚落中、若空地、曠野中物,不與取名盜物。若不與物取故,若王、若王等,若捉、若殺、若輸金罪,若如是言:『咄!汝小、汝癡、汝賊。』有如是相比丘,是比丘犯波羅夷罪,不應共事。

「若比丘,若人、若似人,若自殺、若教人殺、若自持刀與、若教人持刀與,若教死、若贊死,若如是言:『咄!人用惡活為?死勝生。』是人因是事死者,是比丘犯波羅夷罪,不應共事。

「若比丘,不知不見,說過人法。自稱言:『如是知、如是見。』后諸比丘若問、若不問,為發露求清凈故:『不知言知,不見言見。』除增上慢,是比丘犯波羅夷罪,不應共事。」

「諸大德!已說四波羅夷法。若比丘犯一一戒,波羅夷不共住。如前後亦如是,是比丘波羅夷不共住。今問,諸大德是中清凈不?」(如是

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本:佛陀說虛妄之語會產生罪業,阻礙修行正道。如果比丘在僧團中想要尋求清凈之法,回憶起自己所犯的罪過,就應當坦白髮露。坦白髮露就能得到安穩,不坦白髮露罪業就會日益加深。各位大德!戒序已經宣說完畢。現在問各位大德,你們在此是否清凈?(如此重複三次)各位大德在此清凈,因為大家默然不語,此事就這樣決定了。 各位大德!以下是四條波羅夷法(Parajika,斷頭罪),在每半個月誦戒的戒經中宣說。 如果比丘在和合的僧團中受了具足戒(Upasampada,比丘戒),沒有捨棄戒律,也沒有生起戒律衰退的想法,行淫慾之事,乃至與畜生行淫。這位比丘就犯了波羅夷罪,不應該再與他共住。 如果比丘,無論是從村落中,還是從空地、曠野中,不經允許拿取他人的財物,這被稱為盜取。如果不經允許拿取他人的財物,國王或者與國王地位相等的人,如果捉住他、殺了他、或者判處他輸金的罪,或者如此說:『咄!你這小子、你這愚癡的人、你這盜賊。』有這樣行為的比丘,這位比丘就犯了波羅夷罪,不應該再與他共住。 如果比丘,無論是對人、還是對非人,自己殺死自己、或者教唆他人殺人、或者親自遞刀給他人、或者教唆他人遞刀給他人,或者教唆他人去死、或者讚歎死亡,或者如此說:『咄!人活著受罪有什麼用?死了比活著更好。』如果這個人因為這些話而死去,這位比丘就犯了波羅夷罪,不應該再與他共住。 如果比丘,在沒有真正證知、證見的情況下,妄稱自己已經證得了超人的境界。自己聲稱說:『我如是知、我如是見。』之後其他的比丘,無論是問他、還是不問他,爲了發露罪過、尋求清凈的緣故,坦白說:『我不知卻說知,不見卻說見。』除非是增上慢(Adhimana,未證言證),這位比丘就犯了波羅夷罪,不應該再與他共住。 各位大德!四條波羅夷法已經宣說完畢。如果比丘觸犯了其中任何一條戒律,就犯了波羅夷罪,不能與僧團共住。無論是先犯還是后犯,都是一樣,這位比丘犯了波羅夷罪,不能與僧團共住。現在問各位大德,你們在此是否清凈?(如此

【English Translation】 English version: The Buddha said that false speech creates karmic obstacles that hinder the path to enlightenment. If a Bhikkhu (monk) in the Sangha (community) desires to seek pure Dharma (teachings), he should confess any offenses he remembers. Confession brings peace, while failure to confess deepens the offense. Venerable ones! The preamble to the precepts has been recited. Now I ask you, venerable ones, are you pure in this assembly? (This is repeated three times.) Venerable ones are pure in this assembly, because of your silence, this matter is thus upheld. Venerable ones! These are the four Parajika (defeat) rules, which are recited in the Patimokkha (code of monastic discipline) every half-month. If a Bhikkhu, having received full ordination (Upasampada) in a harmonious Sangha, without renouncing the precepts or having the thought of weakening the precepts, engages in sexual intercourse, even with an animal. This Bhikkhu has committed a Parajika offense and should not be associated with. If a Bhikkhu takes something that is not given, whether from a village, an empty place, or a wilderness, it is called theft. If he takes something not given, and the king or someone equal to the king, seizes him, kills him, or imposes a fine of gold, or says: 'Hey! You little one, you fool, you thief.' If there is such a Bhikkhu, this Bhikkhu has committed a Parajika offense and should not be associated with. If a Bhikkhu, whether to a human or a non-human, kills himself, or encourages another to kill, or personally gives a knife to another, or encourages another to give a knife, or encourages death, or praises death, or says: 'Hey! What is the use of living a miserable life? Death is better than life.' If that person dies because of these words, this Bhikkhu has committed a Parajika offense and should not be associated with. If a Bhikkhu, without truly knowing or seeing, claims to have attained superhuman qualities. He claims: 'I know thus, I see thus.' Later, if other Bhikkhus ask him or do not ask him, for the sake of confessing offenses and seeking purity, he confesses: 'I said I knew when I did not know, I said I saw when I did not see.' Except for Adhimana (false claim of enlightenment), this Bhikkhu has committed a Parajika offense and should not be associated with. Venerable ones! The four Parajika rules have been recited. If a Bhikkhu violates any one of these precepts, he has committed a Parajika offense and cannot live with the Sangha. Whether it is committed before or after, it is the same, this Bhikkhu has committed a Parajika offense and cannot live with the Sangha. Now I ask you, venerable ones, are you pure in this assembly? (This is


三說)「諸大德是中清凈,默然故,是事如是持。」

「諸大德!是十三僧迦婆尸沙法,半月半月戒經中說。

「若比丘,故出不凈,除夢中,僧伽婆尸沙

「若比丘,淫亂變心,與女人身共合,若捉手臂發上下摩,著細滑,僧伽婆尸沙。

「若比丘,向女人說不凈語,僧伽婆尸沙。

「若比丘,語女人言:『以淫慾法供養我等持戒行善法梵行者,是上供養。』僧伽婆尸沙。

「若比丘,行媒法,持男意至女邊、持女意至男邊,若為婦事、若私通事,乃至一交會時,僧伽婆尸沙。

「若比丘,無主為身,自乞作大房,應問諸比丘無難處、非妨處。若不問諸比丘、過量作,僧伽婆尸沙。

「若比丘,有主為身欲作大房,應問諸比丘無難處、非妨處。若不問作,僧伽婆尸沙。

「若比丘,瞋他比丘,以無根波羅夷法謗,欲破彼比丘凈行。是比丘,若問若不問,知是事無根,是比丘住瞋法語,僧伽婆尸沙。

「若比丘,瞋他故不喜,異分事中取片、若似片法,非波羅夷比丘以波羅夷法謗,欲破彼比丘凈行故。是比丘知是事異分事中取片法作異語故,僧伽婆尸沙。

「若比丘,欲破和合僧,勤方便受持破僧緣事。諸比丘應如是諫:『大德!當與僧和合,

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 (三說)『諸位大德,這裡清凈,因為大家默然不語,所以這件事就這樣確定了。』 『諸位大德!這十三條僧伽婆尸沙法(Sanghavasesa,僧團殘罪),在半月半月的戒經中宣說。』 『如果比丘(bhikkhu,出家男子),故意遺精,除非是夢中,犯僧伽婆尸沙罪。』 『如果比丘,心生變化,與女人身體接觸,無論是抓手臂、撫摸頭髮,還是上下摩擦,只要有細微的接觸,就犯僧伽婆尸沙罪。』 『如果比丘,對女人說不清凈的話語,犯僧伽婆尸沙罪。』 『如果比丘,對女人說:『用淫慾之事來供養我們這些持戒修行善法梵行(brahmacarya,清凈行)的人,這是最好的供養。』犯僧伽婆尸沙罪。』 『如果比丘,做媒人的事情,把男人的意思帶到女人那裡,或者把女人的意思帶到男人那裡,無論是爲了娶妻的事情,還是私通的事情,乃至僅僅促成一次性行為,都犯僧伽婆尸沙罪。』 『如果比丘,沒有施主為自己,自己請求建造大的住所,應該詢問其他比丘,有沒有不方便的地方、有沒有妨礙的地方。如果不詢問其他比丘,就過度地建造,犯僧伽婆尸沙罪。』 『如果比丘,有施主為自己想要建造大的住所,應該詢問其他比丘,有沒有不方便的地方、有沒有妨礙的地方。如果不詢問就建造,犯僧伽婆尸沙罪。』 『如果比丘,因為嗔恨其他比丘,用沒有根據的波羅夷法(Parajika,斷頭罪)來誹謗,想要破壞那個比丘的清凈修行。這個比丘,無論被詢問還是沒有被詢問,明知這件事沒有根據,這個比丘仍然堅持用嗔恨的言語,犯僧伽婆尸沙罪。』 『如果比丘,因為嗔恨而不喜歡其他比丘,在不同的事情中抓住一點點、或者類似一點點的東西,用非波羅夷的罪名,以波羅夷罪來誹謗,想要破壞那個比丘的清凈修行。這個比丘明知這件事是從不同的事情中抓住一點點東西來歪曲事實,犯僧伽婆尸沙罪。』 『如果比丘,想要破壞僧團的和合,勤奮地想方設法,受持破壞僧團因緣的事情。其他比丘應該這樣勸諫:『大德!應當與僧團和合,'

【English Translation】 English version (Said three times) 'Venerable ones, here is purity; because of silence, this matter is thus upheld.' 'Venerable ones! These are the thirteen Sanghavasesa (Sanghavasesa, offences requiring initial and subsequent meetings of the Sangha) rules, recited in the Patimokkha (monastic code) every half-month.' 'If a bhikkhu (bhikkhu, a Buddhist monk), intentionally emits semen, except in a dream, it is a Sanghavasesa offence.' 'If a bhikkhu, with altered mind, engages in physical contact with a woman, whether by grasping her hand, touching her hair, or rubbing her body up and down, even with subtle contact, it is a Sanghavasesa offence.' 'If a bhikkhu, speaks impure words to a woman, it is a Sanghavasesa offence.' 'If a bhikkhu, says to a woman: 'Offering me, a virtuous monk practicing the holy life (brahmacarya, pure life), with sexual intercourse is the highest offering,' it is a Sanghavasesa offence.' 'If a bhikkhu, acts as a matchmaker, carrying a man's intention to a woman or a woman's intention to a man, whether for marriage or for a secret affair, even to arrange a single act of intercourse, it is a Sanghavasesa offence.' 'If a bhikkhu, without a patron, requests to build a large dwelling for himself, he should ask the other bhikkhus if there is any inconvenience or obstruction. If he builds excessively without asking the other bhikkhus, it is a Sanghavasesa offence.' 'If a bhikkhu, with a patron, wants to build a large dwelling for himself, he should ask the other bhikkhus if there is any inconvenience or obstruction. If he builds without asking, it is a Sanghavasesa offence.' 'If a bhikkhu, out of anger towards another bhikkhu, accuses him of a baseless Parajika (Parajika, defeat) offence, intending to destroy that bhikkhu's pure conduct. If this bhikkhu, whether asked or not, knows that the matter is baseless, and persists in speaking with anger, it is a Sanghavasesa offence.' 'If a bhikkhu, out of anger and dislike towards another bhikkhu, seizes upon a small matter or something similar to a small matter, and accuses him of a Parajika offence, even though it is not a Parajika offence, intending to destroy that bhikkhu's pure conduct. If this bhikkhu knows that he is distorting the facts by seizing upon a small matter from a different situation, it is a Sanghavasesa offence.' 'If a bhikkhu, desires to break up the harmony of the Sangha, diligently strives and upholds matters that cause division in the Sangha. The other bhikkhus should admonish him thus: 'Venerable sir, be in harmony with the Sangha,'


莫勤方便破僧緣事,可與僧和合。所以者何?僧和合故,歡喜不諍,一心一學如水乳合,安樂行。』如是再三諫時舍者善,不捨者僧伽婆尸沙。

「若比丘,有同意別異語,若一若二。是比丘語諸比丘言:『莫諫是比丘。何以故?是比丘知說非不知說。』諸比丘應如是諫:『大德!當助和合僧,莫助破和合僧。所以者何?僧和合故歡喜不諍,一心一學如水乳合,安樂行。』如是再三諫時舍者善,不捨者僧伽婆尸沙。

「若比丘,依止城邑聚落,行惡行、污他家,皆見聞知。諸比丘應語是比丘言:『大德!汝行惡行、污他家,皆見聞知。汝出去,不須是間住。』是比丘語余比丘言:『汝等隨愛、瞋、怖、癡語。有如是同罪比丘,有驅出者、有不驅者。』如是再三諫時舍者善,不捨者僧伽婆尸沙。

「有一比丘惡性難共語,入戒誦中、入佛經中語。諸比丘如法如律、如戒經中事諫是比丘,是比丘悷不受說,語諸比丘言:『大德!汝莫語我好惡,我亦不語汝好惡。』『汝為諸比丘說,我亦為諸比丘說,如法如律,令如來眾得增長。』如是再三諫時舍者善,不捨者僧伽婆尸沙。」

「諸大德!已說十三僧伽婆尸沙法,九初罪、四乃至三諫。若比丘犯一一戒,應從幾時覆藏與波利婆沙。波利婆沙已,六

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本: 『不要因為勤于方便而破壞僧團的和諧關係,應該促成僧團的和合。為什麼呢?因為僧團和合,大家歡喜而不爭執,一心一德,如同水乳交融,能夠安樂修行。』這樣再三勸諫時,如果他放棄這種行為就好;如果不放棄,就犯了僧伽婆尸沙(Sanghavasesa,僧殘罪)。 『如果有比丘,意見相同但言語不同,或者一個或者兩個。這個比丘對其他比丘說:『不要勸諫這個比丘。為什麼呢?因為這個比丘知道該說什麼,不該說什麼。』其他比丘應該這樣勸諫:『大德!應當幫助僧團和合,不要幫助破壞僧團的和合。為什麼呢?因為僧團和合,大家歡喜而不爭執,一心一德,如同水乳交融,能夠安樂修行。』這樣再三勸諫時,如果他放棄這種行為就好;如果不放棄,就犯了僧伽婆尸沙(Sanghavasesa,僧殘罪)。 『如果有比丘,依靠城邑聚落,行為惡劣,玷污他人家庭,這些事情大家都看見聽見知道。其他比丘應該對這個比丘說:『大德!你行為惡劣,玷污他人家庭,這些事情大家都看見聽見知道。你出去吧,不需要在這裡住。』這個比丘對其他比丘說:『你們是隨著愛、嗔、怖、癡說話。有像這樣同樣犯了罪的比丘,有的被驅逐出去,有的沒有被驅逐。』這樣再三勸諫時,如果他放棄這種行為就好;如果不放棄,就犯了僧伽婆尸沙(Sanghavasesa,僧殘罪)。 『有一個比丘,性格惡劣難以相處,在戒律誦讀中、在佛經講解中爭辯。其他比丘如法如律、按照戒經中的規定勸諫這個比丘,這個比丘卻傲慢不接受勸說,對其他比丘說:『大德!你們不要說我的好壞,我也不說你們的好壞。』『你應該為其他比丘說法,我也為其他比丘說法,如法如律,使如來的僧團能夠增長。』這樣再三勸諫時,如果他放棄這種行為就好;如果不放棄,就犯了僧伽婆尸沙(Sanghavasesa,僧殘罪)。』 『諸位大德!已經說了十三條僧伽婆尸沙(Sanghavasesa,僧殘罪)法,九條是初犯即罪,四條是需要經過三次勸諫。如果比丘犯了其中任何一條戒律,應該從什麼時候開始覆蓋隱瞞,並給予波利婆沙(Parivasa,別住)的處分?波利婆沙(Parivasa,別住)之後,需要六

【English Translation】 English version: 'Do not diligently use expedient means to break up the Sangha (community of monks), but rather promote harmony within the Sangha. Why? Because when the Sangha is in harmony, there is joy and no contention, with one mind and one learning, like milk and water mixed together, leading to peaceful practice.' If, after being admonished in this way three times, he abandons this behavior, that is good; if he does not abandon it, he commits a Sanghavasesa (Sanghavasesa, a formal meeting of the Sangha). 'If there is a bhikkhu (monk) who shares the same views but speaks differently, whether one or two. This bhikkhu says to the other bhikkhus: 'Do not admonish this bhikkhu. Why? Because this bhikkhu knows what to say and what not to say.' The other bhikkhus should admonish him in this way: 'Venerable one! You should help the Sangha to be in harmony, not help to break up the Sangha. Why? Because when the Sangha is in harmony, there is joy and no contention, with one mind and one learning, like milk and water mixed together, leading to peaceful practice.' If, after being admonished in this way three times, he abandons this behavior, that is good; if he does not abandon it, he commits a Sanghavasesa (Sanghavasesa, a formal meeting of the Sangha). 'If there is a bhikkhu who, relying on a town or village, engages in evil conduct and defiles other families, all of which is seen, heard, and known. The other bhikkhus should say to this bhikkhu: 'Venerable one! You engage in evil conduct and defile other families, all of which is seen, heard, and known. You should leave; there is no need for you to stay here.' This bhikkhu says to the other bhikkhus: 'You speak according to love, hatred, fear, and delusion. There are bhikkhus who have committed the same offenses, some of whom are expelled and some of whom are not.' If, after being admonished in this way three times, he abandons this behavior, that is good; if he does not abandon it, he commits a Sanghavasesa (Sanghavasesa, a formal meeting of the Sangha). 'There is a bhikkhu who is of a bad nature and difficult to get along with, arguing during the recitation of the precepts and during the explanation of the Buddhist scriptures. The other bhikkhus admonish this bhikkhu according to the Dharma (teachings), according to the Vinaya (monastic rules), and according to the matters in the precept scriptures. This bhikkhu is arrogant and does not accept the admonishment, saying to the other bhikkhus: 'Venerable ones! Do not speak of my good or bad, and I will not speak of your good or bad.' 'You should speak to the other bhikkhus, and I will also speak to the other bhikkhus, according to the Dharma and according to the Vinaya, so that the Sangha of the Tathagata (the Buddha) may grow.' If, after being admonished in this way three times, he abandons this behavior, that is good; if he does not abandon it, he commits a Sanghavasesa (Sanghavasesa, a formal meeting of the Sangha).' 'Venerable ones! The thirteen Sanghavasesa (Sanghavasesa, a formal meeting of the Sangha) rules have been spoken, nine of which are offenses upon the first transgression, and four of which require three admonishments. If a bhikkhu commits any one of these precepts, from what time should it be covered up and concealed, and what Parivasa (Parivasa, a period of probation) should be given? After the Parivasa (Parivasa, a period of probation), six


夜行摩那埵,次到阿浮呵那。如是作已,應二十人中出罪,若少一人不滿二十,是比丘不得出罪。如是作已,應如是呵。法應爾故。今問,諸大德是中清凈不?」(如是三說)「諸大德是中清凈,默然故,是事如是持。」

「諸大德!是二不定法,半月半月戒經中說。

「若比丘,與一女人屏障內行淫處坐。隨可信優婆夷所見,是比丘隨三法中一一法說,若僧伽婆尸沙、若波羅夷、若波夜提。隨可信優婆夷所說,如法持。

「若比丘,與一女人不屏覆處坐、不可淫處坐。隨可信優婆夷所見,是比丘隨二法中一一法說,若僧伽婆尸沙、若波夜提。隨可信優婆夷所說,如法持。」

「諸大德!已說二不定法竟。今問,諸大德是中清凈不?」(如是三說)「諸大德是中清凈,默然故,是事如是持。」

「諸大德!是三十尼薩耆波夜提法,半月半月戒經中說。

「若比丘,三衣具足訖,舍迦絺那衣已,長衣乃至十日應畜。若過者,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,三衣具足訖,舍迦絺那衣已,三衣中若離一一衣余處宿,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,三衣具足訖,舍迦絺那衣已,得非時衣乃至一月應畜。若過,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,從非親里比丘尼邊取衣,除貿易,

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 夜行摩那埵(Manatva,一種懺悔儀式),接下來到達阿浮呵那(Abbhana,一種儀式)。這樣做了之後,應該在二十人中進行出罪儀式,如果少一人不滿二十人,這位比丘就不能出罪。這樣做了之後,應該這樣呵責。因為法應如此。現在問,各位大德,這裡清凈嗎?』(這樣重複三次)『各位大德,這裡清凈,因為大家默然不語,這件事就這樣成立了。』 各位大德!這是二個不定法,在半月半月的戒經中宣說。 如果比丘,與一個女人在有屏障的隱蔽處一起坐。根據可信的優婆夷(Upasika,女居士)所見,這位比丘應隨三種罪中的一種來承擔,即僧伽婆尸沙(Sanghavasesa,僧殘罪)、波羅夷(Parajika,斷頭罪)、或波夜提(Pacittiya,單墮罪)。根據可信的優婆夷所說,依法處理。 如果比丘,與一個女人在沒有屏障的公開處坐,或在不應行淫之處坐。根據可信的優婆夷所見,這位比丘應隨二種罪中的一種來承擔,即僧伽婆尸沙(Sanghavasesa,僧殘罪)、或波夜提(Pacittiya,單墮罪)。根據可信的優婆夷所說,依法處理。 各位大德!已經說完二個不定法。現在問,各位大德,這裡清凈嗎?』(這樣重複三次)『各位大德,這裡清凈,因為大家默然不語,這件事就這樣成立了。』 各位大德!這是三十個尼薩耆波夜提法(Nissaggiya Pacittiya,捨墮罪),在半月半月的戒經中宣說。 如果比丘,三衣(Tricivara,僧侶所擁有的三件袈裟)已經完備,捨棄了迦絺那衣(Kathina,一種特殊的袈裟)之後,長衣最多可以保留十天。如果超過這個期限,就犯尼薩耆波夜提(Nissaggiya Pacittiya,捨墮罪)。 如果比丘,三衣(Tricivara,僧侶所擁有的三件袈裟)已經完備,捨棄了迦絺那衣(Kathina,一種特殊的袈裟)之後,三衣中如果離開任何一件,在其他地方過夜,就犯尼薩耆波夜提(Nissaggiya Pacittiya,捨墮罪)。 如果比丘,三衣(Tricivara,僧侶所擁有的三件袈裟)已經完備,捨棄了迦絺那衣(Kathina,一種特殊的袈裟)之後,得到非時之衣,最多可以保留一個月。如果超過這個期限,就犯尼薩耆波夜提(Nissaggiya Pacittiya,捨墮罪)。 如果比丘,從非親屬的比丘尼處接受衣服,除非是交換,

【English Translation】 English version Having performed the Manatva (Manatva, a penance ritual) by night, he should next go to Abbhana (Abbhana, a ritual). Having done this, he should be absolved from the offense in an assembly of twenty monks. If there is even one monk less than twenty, that monk cannot be absolved. Having done this, he should be admonished in this way, for that is the proper procedure. Now I ask, venerable sirs, are you pure in this matter?』 (This is said three times.) 『Venerable sirs, you are pure in this matter, because you are silent. Thus, I understand this matter.』 Venerable sirs! These are the two undetermined rules, which are recited in the Patimokkha (戒經) every half-month. If a monk sits in a secluded place for sexual intercourse with a woman behind a screen, according to what a trustworthy Upasika (Upasika, female lay devotee) sees, that monk should confess to one of the three offenses: Sanghavasesa (Sanghavasesa, offense requiring an assembly), Parajika (Parajika, defeat), or Pacittiya (Pacittiya, offense entailing expiation). According to what the trustworthy Upasika says, the matter should be handled according to the Dhamma. If a monk sits with a woman in an unconcealed place, or in a place unsuitable for sexual intercourse, according to what a trustworthy Upasika sees, that monk should confess to one of the two offenses: Sanghavasesa (Sanghavasesa, offense requiring an assembly), or Pacittiya (Pacittiya, offense entailing expiation). According to what the trustworthy Upasika says, the matter should be handled according to the Dhamma. Venerable sirs! The two undetermined rules have been recited. Now I ask, venerable sirs, are you pure in this matter?』 (This is said three times.) 『Venerable sirs, you are pure in this matter, because you are silent. Thus, I understand this matter.』 Venerable sirs! These are the thirty Nissaggiya Pacittiya rules (Nissaggiya Pacittiya, offenses involving forfeiture and expiation), which are recited in the Patimokkha (戒經) every half-month. If a monk, having completed his three robes (Tricivara, the three robes possessed by a monk), and having given up the Kathina robe (Kathina, a special robe), may keep an extra robe for up to ten days. If he keeps it longer, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya (Nissaggiya Pacittiya, offense involving forfeiture and expiation). If a monk, having completed his three robes (Tricivara, the three robes possessed by a monk), and having given up the Kathina robe (Kathina, a special robe), spends the night away from any one of his three robes, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya (Nissaggiya Pacittiya, offense involving forfeiture and expiation). If a monk, having completed his three robes (Tricivara, the three robes possessed by a monk), and having given up the Kathina robe (Kathina, a special robe), receives a robe out of season, he may keep it for up to one month. If he keeps it longer, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya (Nissaggiya Pacittiya, offense involving forfeiture and expiation). If a monk receives a robe from a bhikkhuni (比丘尼, female monk) who is not a relative, except in exchange,


尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,使非親里比丘尼浣故衣,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,從非親里居士乞衣,除因緣,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,奪衣、失衣、漂衣,從非親里居士居士婦乞衣,乃至上下衣應受。若過,者尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,非親里居士居士婦為辦衣直,作是念:『以如是衣直買如是衣,與某甲比丘。』是比丘先不受自恣請,為好故,往至居士居士婦所作是言:『為我辦如是衣直。』若得衣,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,非親里居士居士婦為辦衣直,作是念:『以如是衣直買如是衣,與某甲比丘。』是比丘先不受自恣請,為好衣故,往至居士居士婦所言:『為我辦如是衣直,合作一衣與我者好。』若得是衣,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,若王、王臣、婆羅門、若居士,遣使至比丘所言:『大德知不?如是衣直,是王、王臣、婆羅門、居士送。大德當受。』比丘言:『我比丘法不得受如是衣直。』使問比丘言:『有執凈人不?』比丘言:『此是。』使至執凈人所言:『如是衣直,與某甲比丘。』是比丘后須衣時,至執凈人所言:『我須衣。我須衣。』如是六返默然立住,得者好;若過索,尼薩耆波夜提。若不得是衣直,應從衣直來處,若自、若使人語。是事

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 尼薩耆波夜提(Nissaggiya Pacittiya,需要捨棄的罪過)。

『如果比丘,讓非親屬的比丘尼清洗舊衣服,這是尼薩耆波夜提。』

『如果比丘,向非親屬的在家居士乞討衣服,除非有特殊原因,這是尼薩耆波夜提。』

『如果比丘,因為衣服被奪、遺失或漂走,而向非親屬的在家居士或居士婦乞討衣服,最多隻能接受上下兩件。如果超過這個數量,這是尼薩耆波夜提。』

『如果比丘,非親屬的在家居士或居士婦準備了購買衣服的錢,心裡想:『用這些錢買這樣的衣服,送給某某比丘。』這位比丘事先沒有接受他們的隨意供養的邀請,爲了得到更好的衣服,前往居士或居士婦那裡說:『為我準備這樣的買衣服的錢。』如果得到了衣服,這是尼薩耆波夜提。』

『如果比丘,非親屬的在家居士或居士婦準備了購買衣服的錢,心裡想:『用這些錢買這樣的衣服,送給某某比丘。』這位比丘事先沒有接受他們的隨意供養的邀請,爲了得到更好的衣服,前往居士或居士婦那裡說:『為我準備這樣的買衣服的錢,合起來做一件衣服給我,那就更好了。』如果得到了這件衣服,這是尼薩耆波夜提。』

『如果比丘,國王、大臣、婆羅門或居士,派遣使者到比丘那裡說:『大德知道嗎?這些買衣服的錢,是國王、大臣、婆羅門或居士送來的。大德應該接受。』比丘說:『我作為比丘,按照戒律不能接受這樣的買衣服的錢。』使者問比丘說:『有可以接受凈施的人嗎?』比丘說:『這個人可以。』使者到接受凈施的人那裡說:『這些買衣服的錢,送給某某比丘。』這位比丘之後需要衣服的時候,到接受凈施的人那裡說:『我需要衣服。我需要衣服。』這樣重複六次,默默地站著,如果得到就好;如果超過這個次數去索要,這是尼薩耆波夜提。如果沒有得到這些買衣服的錢,應該從提供買衣服錢的地方,親自或者派人去詢問這件事。

【English Translation】 English version Nissaggiya Pacittiya (Offenses Entailing Forfeiture).

『If a bhikkhu, causes a bhikkhuni who is not a relative to wash an old robe, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.』

『If a bhikkhu, asks for a robe from a householder who is not a relative, except for a reason, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.』

『If a bhikkhu, having had a robe taken away, lost, or washed away, asks for a robe from a householder or a householder's wife who is not a relative, he should accept at most an upper and a lower robe. If he gets more than that, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.』

『If a bhikkhu, a householder or a householder's wife who is not a relative arranges for robe-money, thinking: 『With this robe-money, I will buy such-and-such a robe and give it to such-and-such a bhikkhu.』 That bhikkhu, not having previously accepted an invitation to be at their disposal, for the sake of a good robe, goes to the householder or householder's wife and says: 『Arrange for such-and-such robe-money for me.』 If he gets a robe, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.』

『If a bhikkhu, a householder or a householder's wife who is not a relative arranges for robe-money, thinking: 『With this robe-money, I will buy such-and-such a robe and give it to such-and-such a bhikkhu.』 That bhikkhu, not having previously accepted an invitation to be at their disposal, for the sake of a good robe, goes to the householder or householder's wife and says: 『Arrange for such-and-such robe-money for me, it would be good if you would combine it to make a robe for me.』 If he gets that robe, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.』

『If a bhikkhu, if a king, a king's minister, a Brahmin, or a householder, sends a messenger to a bhikkhu, saying: 『Venerable Sir, do you know? Such-and-such robe-money is sent by the king, the king's minister, the Brahmin, or the householder. Venerable Sir should accept it.』 The bhikkhu says: 『It is not permissible for me as a bhikkhu to accept such robe-money.』 The messenger asks the bhikkhu: 『Is there a steward?』 The bhikkhu says: 『This one is.』 The messenger goes to the steward and says: 『Give such-and-such robe-money to such-and-such a bhikkhu.』 That bhikkhu, when he later needs a robe, goes to the steward and says: 『I need a robe. I need a robe.』 Standing silently in this way six times, it is good if he gets it; if he asks for it more than that, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya. If he does not get that robe-money, he should inquire about the matter from the source of the robe-money, either himself or by sending a person.


法應爾。

「若比丘,新憍奢耶作敷具,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,純黑羊毛作敷具者,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,作新敷具,應二分黑、三分白、四分下。若不者,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,作新敷具,應滿六年。若減六年,不捨故敷具更作新者,除僧羯磨,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,作新敷具,應取故敷具,四邊各佛一搩手,為壞色故。不者,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘行道中得羊毛,擔過三由旬者,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,使非親里比丘尼浣、染、擘羊毛,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,自手取金、若使人取,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,種種用金,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,種種販賣,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,長缽乃至十日應畜。若過,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,先所畜缽未滿五綴,為好故更畜新者,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,使非親里織師織,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,非親里居士若居士婦使織師為比丘織作衣。是比丘先不受自恣請,為好衣故,往至織師所語言:『為我好織令致廣厚,當與汝少直。』若自語、若使人語,后得是衣,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,先與他物,后瞋恚嫌

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 法應如此。 『如果比丘製作新的憍奢耶(Koseyya,絲綢)坐具,觸犯尼薩耆波夜提(Nissaggiya Pacittiya,捨墮)。』 『如果比丘用純黑羊毛製作坐具,觸犯尼薩耆波夜提。』 『如果比丘製作新的坐具,應該用二分黑色、三分白色、四分下色(指不鮮艷的顏色)。如果不這樣做,觸犯尼薩耆波夜提。』 『如果比丘製作新的坐具,應該滿六年才能更換。如果未滿六年,不捨棄舊的坐具而製作新的,除非經過僧團羯磨(Sanghakamma,僧團的儀式),否則觸犯尼薩耆波夜提。』 『如果比丘製作新的坐具,應該從舊的坐具上取下四邊各一佛搩手(指佛的一拃長)的布料,作為破壞顏色之用。如果不這樣做,觸犯尼薩耆波夜提。』 『如果比丘在行路中得到羊毛,攜帶超過三由旬(Yojana,古印度長度單位)的距離,觸犯尼薩耆波夜提。』 『如果比丘,使非親屬的比丘尼洗、染、分羊毛,觸犯尼薩耆波夜提。』 『如果比丘,親自拿取金錢,或者使喚他人拿取,觸犯尼薩耆波夜提。』 『如果比丘,以各種方式使用金錢,觸犯尼薩耆波夜提。』 『如果比丘,進行各種買賣,觸犯尼薩耆波夜提。』 『如果比丘,擁有的缽最多可以保留十天。如果超過這個期限,觸犯尼薩耆波夜提。』 『如果比丘,先前擁有的缽還沒有縫補滿五個地方,爲了美觀而更換新的缽,觸犯尼薩耆波夜提。』 『如果比丘,使喚非親屬的織工織布,觸犯尼薩耆波夜提。』 『如果比丘,沒有事先接受居士或居士婦的自願邀請,爲了得到好的衣服,前往織工那裡說:『請為我織得好一些,織得寬厚一些,我會給你一些報酬。』無論是自己說,還是指使他人說,之後得到了這件衣服,觸犯尼薩耆波夜提。』 『如果比丘,先前贈送給他人財物,後來因為嗔恨而嫌棄』

【English Translation】 English version The law should be thus. 『If a Bhikkhu (monk) makes a new Koseyya (silk) sitting cloth, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya (an offense entailing forfeiture).』 『If a Bhikkhu makes a sitting cloth of pure black sheep's wool, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.』 『If a Bhikkhu makes a new sitting cloth, it should be two parts black, three parts white, and four parts of a lower color (referring to non-bright colors). If not, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.』 『If a Bhikkhu makes a new sitting cloth, it should be used for a full six years before being replaced. If it is less than six years, and he makes a new one without discarding the old one, except with a Sanghakamma (formal act of the Sangha, monastic community), it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.』 『If a Bhikkhu makes a new sitting cloth, he should take from the old sitting cloth a piece from each of the four sides, each the span of a Buddha's hand (a measure of length), to spoil the color. If not, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.』 『If a Bhikkhu obtains sheep's wool while traveling and carries it beyond three Yojana (an ancient Indian unit of distance), it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.』 『If a Bhikkhu causes a Bhikkhuni (nun) who is not a relative to wash, dye, or divide sheep's wool, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.』 『If a Bhikkhu takes gold himself, or causes another to take it, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.』 『If a Bhikkhu uses gold in various ways, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.』 『If a Bhikkhu engages in various kinds of trade, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.』 『If a Bhikkhu, a bowl may be kept for up to ten days. If it exceeds this limit, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.』 『If a Bhikkhu, the bowl previously owned has not been patched in five places, and a new one is acquired for the sake of beauty, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.』 『If a Bhikkhu causes a weaver who is not a relative to weave, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.』 『If a Bhikkhu, without having received a prior invitation from a layman or laywoman, goes to a weaver for the sake of a good cloth and says, 『Please weave it well for me, weave it thick and wide, and I will give you a small payment.』 Whether he says it himself or causes another to say it, and later obtains the cloth, it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.』 『If a Bhikkhu, having previously given something to another, later becomes angry and dislikes』


恨還奪取者,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,夏三月過有閏未滿八月,寄衣白衣家,乃至六夜應往是衣所。乃至七日曉,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,未至歲十日有急施衣,是比丘若須衣得自手取,乃至衣時應畜。若過,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,春殘一月,應求雨浴衣,半月應畜。若過,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,知物向僧,自迴向己者,尼薩耆波夜提。

「若比丘,佛聽病比丘服四種含消藥:酥、油、蜜、石蜜乃至七日。若過,尼薩耆波夜提。」

「諸大德!已說三十尼薩耆波夜提法竟。今問,諸大德是中清凈不?」(如是三說)「諸大德是中清凈,默然故,是事如是持。」

「諸大德!是九十波夜提法,半月半月戒經中說。

「若比丘,故妄語,波夜提。

「若比丘,毀呰他語,波夜提。

「若比丘,斗亂他比丘,波夜提。

「若比丘,知僧如法斷事已,還更發起,波夜提。

「若比丘,為女人說法過五六語,波夜提,除有知男子。

「若比丘,以闡陀偈句教未受具戒人者,波夜提。

「若比丘,內實有過人法,向未受具戒人說,波夜提。

「若比丘,知他比丘犯僧殘罪,向未受具戒人說,波夜提。

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 恨還奪取者,尼薩耆波夜提(Nissaggiya Pacittiya,一種戒律名稱,意為『捨墮』)。

『如果比丘,夏季三個月過去,若有閏月則未滿八個月,將衣服寄放在在家信徒家中,乃至六個夜晚應當前往存放衣服之處。乃至第七日黎明,尼薩耆波夜提(Nissaggiya Pacittiya)。』

『如果比丘,未到雨季結束前十日,有緊急施捨的衣服,這位比丘如果需要衣服可以親自取用,乃至到穿衣時都應該持有。如果超過期限,尼薩耆波夜提(Nissaggiya Pacittiya)。』

『如果比丘,在春季最後一個月,應該請求雨浴衣,半個月內應該持有。如果超過期限,尼薩耆波夜提(Nissaggiya Pacittiya)。』

『如果比丘,明知物品是供養僧團的,卻私自轉為己用,尼薩耆波夜提(Nissaggiya Pacittiya)。』

『如果比丘,佛允許生病的比丘服用四種含消化的藥物:酥油、食用油、蜂蜜、冰糖,乃至七日。如果超過期限,尼薩耆波夜提(Nissaggiya Pacittiya)。』

『諸位大德!已經說完三十條尼薩耆波夜提(Nissaggiya Pacittiya)法。現在問,諸位大德對此是否清凈?』(如此重複三次)『諸位大德對此清凈,因為默然,此事就這樣接受。』

『諸位大德!這是九十條波夜提(Pacittiya)法,在半月半月的戒經中宣說。

『如果比丘,故意說謊,波夜提(Pacittiya)。』

『如果比丘,詆譭他人言語,波夜提(Pacittiya)。』

『如果比丘,挑撥離間其他比丘,波夜提(Pacittiya)。』

『如果比丘,明知僧團如法判決事情后,還再次發起爭端,波夜提(Pacittiya)。』

『如果比丘,為女人說法超過五六句,波夜提(Pacittiya),除非有知事的男子在場。』

『如果比丘,用闡陀偈(Chanda,一種韻律)的句法教導未受具足戒的人,波夜提(Pacittiya)。』

『如果比丘,內心實際有超過常人的功德,卻向未受具足戒的人宣說,波夜提(Pacittiya)。』

『如果比丘,知道其他比丘犯了僧殘罪(Sanghadisesa,一種較重的罪),卻向未受具足戒的人宣說,波夜提(Pacittiya)。』

【English Translation】 English version Taking back an article with resentment, Nissaggiya Pacittiya (an offense requiring forfeiture).

'If a bhikkhu, after the three months of the hot season have passed, or if there is an intercalary month, before eight months are complete, deposits a robe at the house of a layperson, he should go to that robe every six nights. If he fails to do so until the dawn of the seventh day, Nissaggiya Pacittiya.'

'If a bhikkhu, ten days before the end of the rains, receives a robe urgently given, if that bhikkhu needs a robe, he may take it with his own hand and keep it until the time for wearing the robe. If he keeps it longer, Nissaggiya Pacittiya.'

'If a bhikkhu, in the last month of spring, should seek a rain-bathing robe, he should keep it for half a month. If he keeps it longer, Nissaggiya Pacittiya.'

'If a bhikkhu, knowing that an article is dedicated to the Sangha (the monastic community), diverts it to himself, Nissaggiya Pacittiya.'

'If a bhikkhu, the Buddha has allowed a sick bhikkhu to take four kinds of dissolving medicines: ghee, oil, honey, and sugar candy, for up to seven days. If he takes them longer, Nissaggiya Pacittiya.'

'Venerable ones! The thirty Nissaggiya Pacittiya (offenses requiring forfeiture) rules have been recited. Now I ask, are you pure in this matter?' (This is said three times.) 'Venerable ones, you are pure in this matter, because you are silent. Thus I understand it.'

'Venerable ones! These are the ninety Pacittiya (expiation) rules, which are recited in the Patimokkha (monastic code) every half-month.

'If a bhikkhu, knowingly tells a lie, Pacittiya (expiation).'

'If a bhikkhu, speaks disparagingly of another's speech, Pacittiya (expiation).'

'If a bhikkhu, stirs up bhikkhus to quarrel, Pacittiya (expiation).'

'If a bhikkhu, knowing that the Sangha (monastic community) has decided a matter lawfully, raises it again, Pacittiya (expiation).'

'If a bhikkhu, preaches the Dhamma (teachings) to a woman for more than five or six sentences, Pacittiya (expiation), unless there is a knowledgeable man present.'

'If a bhikkhu, teaches the Chanda (a type of meter) verses to one who is not fully ordained, Pacittiya (expiation).'

'If a bhikkhu, knowing that he has qualities exceeding those of ordinary men, tells one who is not fully ordained, Pacittiya (expiation).'

'If a bhikkhu, knowing that another bhikkhu has committed a Sanghadisesa (a serious offense requiring a meeting of the Sangha), tells one who is not fully ordained, Pacittiya (expiation).'


「若比丘,先共僧和合已,后如是說:『諸比丘隨親友人回僧物與。』者,波夜提。

「若比丘,說戒時作是言:『何用半月半月說是雜碎戒為?令他比丘憂愁不樂、生返戒心。』作是輕呵戒者,波夜提。

「若比丘,殺眾草木,波夜提

「若比丘,嫌罵者,波夜提。

「若比丘,用異事惱他比丘,波夜提

「若比丘,露地敷臥具,乃至天曉不自舉、不教人舉,波夜提。

「若比丘,房內敷臥具,出界外者,波夜提。

「若比丘,房內瞋忿不喜牽出者,波夜提。

「若比丘,知他比丘先於房內敷臥具,後來強敷者,波夜提。

「若比,丘重閣上尖腳床用力坐臥者,波夜提。

「若比丘,覆蓋屋一分,第二分藏頭,第三分應約敕。如是過約敕者,波夜提。

「若比丘,知水有蟲,用澆草土者,波夜提。

「若比丘,僧不差教比丘尼,教者,波夜提。

「若比丘,僧雖差教比丘尼,乃至日沒,波夜提。

「若比丘,語余比丘言:『是比丘為財物故教比丘尼。』者,波夜提。

「若比丘,與比丘尼同道行,至一聚落,波夜提。

「若比丘,與比丘尼同載一船,除因緣,波夜提。

「若比丘,與比丘尼獨屏覆處坐

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 『若有比丘,先與僧團達成一致,之後卻這樣說:「各位比丘可以隨意將僧團的財物送給親朋好友。」』 這樣做,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種罪名)。 『若有比丘,在說戒時這樣說:「何必每半個月就說這些瑣碎的戒律呢?這隻會讓其他比丘憂愁不樂,產生放棄戒律的想法。」』 像這樣輕視戒律,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種罪名)。 『若有比丘,殺害眾多的草木,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種罪名)。』 『若有比丘,辱罵他人,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種罪名)。』 『若有比丘,用其他事情困擾其他比丘,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種罪名)。』 『若有比丘,在露天鋪設臥具,直到天亮也不自己收起,也不教別人收起,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種罪名)。』 『若有比丘,在房間內鋪設臥具,卻將臥具的一部分鋪設在界線之外,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種罪名)。』 『若有比丘,在房間內因嗔恨惱怒而將他人拉出去,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種罪名)。』 『若有比丘,明知其他比丘已經先在房間內鋪設了臥具,後來卻強行鋪設,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種罪名)。』 『若有比丘,在高樓上使用尖腳床,並用力坐臥,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種罪名)。』 『若有比丘,覆蓋屋頂時,第一部分覆蓋,第二部分藏起來,第三部分應該按照規定。如果超過了規定的範圍,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種罪名)。』 『若有比丘,明知水中有蟲,還用來澆灌草地或泥土,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種罪名)。』 『若有比丘,沒有得到僧團的委派就去教導比丘尼(Bhikkhuni,比丘尼),犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種罪名)。』 『若有比丘,即使得到僧團的委派去教導比丘尼(Bhikkhuni,比丘尼),直到日落之後才停止,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種罪名)。』 『若有比丘,對其他比丘說:「這位比丘是爲了財物才去教導比丘尼(Bhikkhuni,比丘尼)的。」』 這樣做,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種罪名)。 『若有比丘,與比丘尼(Bhikkhuni,比丘尼)一同行走在同一條道路上,到達同一個村落,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種罪名)。』 『若有比丘,與比丘尼(Bhikkhuni,比丘尼)同乘一條船,除非有特殊原因,否則犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種罪名)。』 『若有比丘,與比丘尼(Bhikkhuni,比丘尼)單獨在隱蔽的地方坐著

【English Translation】 English version 『If a bhikkhu (monk), having first agreed with the Sangha (monastic community), later says: 「Bhikkhus (monks) may freely give away the Sangha's (monastic community's) property to relatives and friends,」』 he commits a Pāyantika (an offense). 『If a bhikkhu (monk), while reciting the precepts, says: 「What is the use of reciting these trivial precepts every half-month? It only makes other bhikkhus (monks) sad and unhappy, causing them to want to renounce the precepts,」』 by thus disparaging the precepts, he commits a Pāyantika (an offense). 『If a bhikkhu (monk) kills many plants and trees, he commits a Pāyantika (an offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) insults another, he commits a Pāyantika (an offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) troubles another bhikkhu (monk) with extraneous matters, he commits a Pāyantika (an offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) spreads out bedding in an open space and does not pick it up himself or instruct someone else to pick it up until dawn, he commits a Pāyantika (an offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) spreads out bedding inside a room but extends it beyond the boundary, he commits a Pāyantika (an offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk), being angry and displeased, drags another out of a room, he commits a Pāyantika (an offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk), knowing that another bhikkhu (monk) has already spread out bedding in a room, forcibly spreads out his own bedding, he commits a Pāyantika (an offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) sits or lies forcefully on a bed with pointed legs on an upper story, he commits a Pāyantika (an offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk), when covering a roof, covers one part, hides the second part, and the third part should be according to the rule. If he exceeds the rule, he commits a Pāyantika (an offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk), knowing that there are insects in the water, uses it to water grass or soil, he commits a Pāyantika (an offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) teaches a bhikkhuni (Bhikkhuni, nun) without being appointed by the Sangha (monastic community), he commits a Pāyantika (an offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk), even if appointed by the Sangha (monastic community) to teach a bhikkhuni (Bhikkhuni, nun), continues until after sunset, he commits a Pāyantika (an offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) says to another bhikkhu (monk): 「This bhikkhu (monk) teaches bhikkhunis (Bhikkhuni, nuns) for the sake of material gain,」』 he commits a Pāyantika (an offense). 『If a bhikkhu (monk) travels on the same road with a bhikkhuni (Bhikkhuni, nun), reaching the same village, he commits a Pāyantika (an offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) travels on the same boat with a bhikkhuni (Bhikkhuni, nun), except for a valid reason, he commits a Pāyantika (an offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) sits with a bhikkhuni (Bhikkhuni, nun) alone in a secluded place


,波夜提。

「若比丘,與非親里比丘尼衣,波夜提。

「若比丘,與非親里比丘尼作衣,波夜提。

「若比丘,與女人獨露處坐,波夜提。

「若比丘,知比丘尼贊因緣得食。食者,波夜提。

「若比丘,數數食。波夜提。

「若比丘,有餘福德處過一食,波夜提。

「若比丘,往白衣家自恣與䴵麨,得取一缽。過者,波夜提。

「若比丘,不受殘食法更食者,波夜提。

「若比丘,知他比丘食竟,不作殘食法,為惱彼故強勸令食,波夜提。

「若比丘,別眾食,波夜提,除因緣。

「若比丘,非時食,波夜提。

「若比丘,與殘宿食,食者,波夜提。

「若比丘,不受食著口中,除水及楊枝,波夜提。

「若比丘,不病,為己乞乳、酪、生酥、魚、肉脯者,波夜提。

「若比丘,知水有蟲,取用者,波夜提。

「若比丘,食家中臥處坐者,波夜提。

「若比丘,食家中共女人坐者,波夜提。

「若比丘,裸形外道乞,自手與食者,波夜提。

「若比丘,往看軍陣發行者,波夜提。

「若比丘,往軍中過二宿者,波夜提。

「若比丘,往看軍器仗者,波夜提。

「若比

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 波夜提(Payatika,一種戒律的名稱)。

『如果比丘(bhikkhu,佛教僧侶),將衣服給予非親屬的比丘尼(bhikkhuni,佛教女尼),犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,為非親屬的比丘尼製作衣服,犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,與女人在隱蔽的地方單獨坐在一起,犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,明知比丘尼通過讚美施主的方式獲得食物,仍然食用這些食物,犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,多次食用食物,犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,在有剩餘的功德之處,超過一天只食用一餐,犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,前往在家信徒的家中,他們自願給予麥粉或炒麵,只允許取一缽。超過這個量,犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,不按照接受剩餘食物的規定,繼續食用食物,犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,明知其他比丘已經用完餐,沒有按照處理剩餘食物的規定,爲了惱亂對方而強行勸說其繼續食用,犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,進行別眾食(單獨接受供養),犯波夜提,除非有特殊原因。』

『如果比丘,在非規定的時間食用食物,犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,食用隔夜的剩餘食物,犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,沒有接受食物就放入口中,除了水和牙籤,犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,沒有生病,爲了自己乞求牛奶、奶酪、生酥、魚、肉乾等食物,犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,明知水中含有蟲子,仍然取用,犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,在施主家中躺臥之處坐臥,犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,在施主家中與女人同坐,犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,向裸形外道乞討,並親手給予食物,犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,前去觀看軍隊的陣列和出發,犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,前往軍隊中停留超過兩夜,犯波夜提。』

『如果比丘,前去觀看軍隊的武器裝備,犯波夜提。』

【English Translation】 English version Payatika (a category of monastic rules).

『If a bhikkhu (Buddhist monk) gives robes to a bhikkhuni (Buddhist nun) who is not a relative, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu makes robes for a bhikkhuni who is not a relative, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu sits alone with a woman in a secluded place, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu, knowing that a bhikkhuni obtains food by praising donors, consumes that food, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu eats repeatedly, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu, where there is remaining merit, eats more than one meal a day, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu goes to the house of a layperson and they voluntarily offer flour or fried barley, he is allowed to take only one bowl. If he takes more, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu, without following the procedure for accepting leftover food, continues to eat, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu, knowing that another bhikkhu has finished eating, does not follow the procedure for dealing with leftover food, and forcibly urges him to eat in order to annoy him, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu engages in separate group meals (accepting offerings individually), it is a Payatika, except for specific reasons.』

『If a bhikkhu eats at an improper time, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu eats leftover food from the previous day, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu puts food in his mouth without having accepted it, except for water and toothpicks, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu, not being ill, begs for milk, cheese, ghee, fish, or dried meat for himself, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu, knowing that there are insects in the water, uses it, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu sits or lies down in a dwelling in a householder's home, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu sits together with a woman in a householder's home, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu begs from naked ascetics and gives them food with his own hand, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu goes to watch the arrangement and departure of an army, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu stays in an army camp for more than two nights, it is a Payatika.』

『If a bhikkhu goes to watch the weapons of an army, it is a Payatika.』


丘,瞋他舉手向,波夜提。

「若比丘,瞋他舉手打,波夜提。

「若比丘,知他犯波羅夷,乃至一宿覆藏,波夜提。

「若比丘,語余比丘言:『去來。我將汝至他家,當令汝得好食。』若入門、若未入門,還遣去者,波夜提。

「若比丘,僧斷事如法與欲,后還悔者,波夜提。

「若比丘,與未受具戒人一處宿,過二夜,波夜提。

「若比丘,露地然火,波夜提,除病時。

「若比丘,語余比丘言:『我如是知佛法義,行淫慾不能障道。』諸比丘白四羯磨三諫,不捨者,波夜提。

「若比丘,教擯人法、若畜使共事者,波夜提。

「若比丘,教擯沙彌法、畜使共事者,波夜提。

「若比丘,若寶、若似寶,若自取、教人取,波夜提。

「若比丘,著不壞色新衣者,波夜提

「若比丘,減半月內沐浴,除因緣,波夜提

「若比丘,故奪畜生命,波夜提。

「若比丘,惱亂他比丘,波夜提。

「若比丘,以指相擊攊,波夜提。

「若比丘,以指戲水中者,波夜提。

「若比丘,與女人同房舍宿。波夜提。

「若比丘恐怖他比丘。波夜提。

「若比丘,藏他衣缽令他恐怖者,波夜提。

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 『若有比丘,因嗔恨而舉手打人,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『若有比丘,因嗔恨而舉手打人,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『若有比丘,明知他人犯了波羅夷(Pārājika,斷頭罪),甚至隱瞞一夜,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『若有比丘,對其他比丘說:『你來。我帶你去別人家,讓你得到好的食物。』如果(帶到)門口,或者還沒到門口,就打發他回去的,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『若有比丘,僧團如法地處理事務並給予同意,之後又反悔的,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『若有比丘,與未受具足戒的人同住一處,超過兩夜,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『若有比丘,在露天點火,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪),除非是生病的時候。』 『若有比丘,對其他比丘說:『我這樣理解佛法的意義,行淫慾不能障礙修行。』其他比丘經過四次羯磨(kamma,儀式)三次勸誡,(此比丘)仍然不放棄這種觀點的,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『若有比丘,教導被僧團驅擯的人佛法,或者與被驅擯的人一起做事,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『若有比丘,教導被驅擯的沙彌(Śrāmaṇera,小沙彌)佛法,或者與被驅擯的沙彌一起做事,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『若有比丘,無論是寶物,還是類似寶物的東西,自己拿取,或者教唆別人拿取,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『若有比丘,穿著沒有被破壞顏色的新衣服,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『若有比丘,在不到半個月的時間內洗澡,除非有特殊原因,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『若有比丘,故意奪取動物的生命,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『若有比丘,惱亂其他比丘,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『若有比丘,用手指互相敲擊作聲,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『若有比丘,用手指在水中嬉戲,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『若有比丘,與女人在同一個房間里過夜,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『若有比丘,恐嚇其他比丘,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『若有比丘,藏起其他比丘的衣缽,使他感到害怕,犯波夜提(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』

【English Translation】 English version 『If a bhikkhu (monk), out of anger, raises his hand to strike another, it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk), out of anger, raises his hand to strike another, it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk), knowing that another has committed a Pārājika (an offense resulting in expulsion), conceals it even for one night, it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) says to another bhikkhu (monk): 『Come. I will take you to a family's house, and you will receive good food.』 If (having taken him) to the entrance, or even before reaching the entrance, he sends him away, it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk), after the Sangha (monastic community) has lawfully conducted a matter and given its consent, later regrets it, it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) sleeps in the same place with someone who has not received full ordination for more than two nights, it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) makes a fire in the open, it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense), except when ill.』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) says to another bhikkhu (monk): 『I understand the meaning of the Buddha's teachings in this way: engaging in sexual intercourse does not obstruct the path.』 If, after four formal acts of the Sangha (monastic community) and three admonishments, he does not abandon this view, it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) teaches the Dhamma (teachings) to someone who has been expelled from the Sangha (monastic community), or associates with someone who has been expelled, it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) teaches the Dhamma (teachings) to a Śrāmaṇera (novice monk) who has been expelled, or associates with a Śrāmaṇera (novice monk) who has been expelled, it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk), whether it is a treasure or something resembling a treasure, takes it himself or instructs another to take it, it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) wears new clothes that have not been discolored, it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) bathes within half a month, except for a valid reason, it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) intentionally takes the life of an animal, it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) harasses another bhikkhu (monk), it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) snaps his fingers, it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) plays in the water with his fingers, it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) sleeps in the same room with a woman, it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) frightens another bhikkhu (monk), it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』 『If a bhikkhu (monk) hides another bhikkhu's (monk) robes and bowl to frighten him, it is a Pāyantika (a minor offense).』


「若比丘,先與五眾衣,輒還用,波夜提。

「若比丘,以僧殘罪謗他比丘,波夜提。

「若比丘,與女人同道行,至一聚落,波夜提。

「若比丘,與賊同道行,至一聚落。波夜提。

「若比丘,未滿二十人與受具戒者,波夜提。

「若比丘,自掘地、若使人掘,波夜提。

「若比丘,有餘福德處,四月請僧一切藥施。若過受,波夜提。

「若比丘,說四波羅夷法,言:『我不受是法。當問余持律、阿毗曇者。』波夜提。

「若比丘,與他斗諍已,盜往聽者,波夜提。

「若比丘,僧斷事默然起去,不白善比丘,波夜提。

「若比丘,不恭敬上座,波夜提。

「若比丘,飲酒,咽咽波夜提。

「若比丘,過中入聚落,波夜提,除因緣。

「若比丘,為他知僧事,若中前中后至余家,波夜提。

「若比丘,剎帝利王夜未曉未藏寶,若過門、若門闑,波夜提,除因緣。

「若比丘,說四波羅夷法,言:『我始知是法半月半月戒經中說。』諸比丘知是比丘再三說戒中坐。若不尊重戒、不攝耳聽,波夜提。

「若比丘,骨牙角作針筒,波夜提。

「若比丘,過佛八指作床腳,波夜提。

「若比丘,草木華

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 『如果比丘,先給了五眾衣,又拿回來用,犯波夜提罪(Pāyantika,一種輕罪)。』 『如果比丘,用僧殘罪(Saṃghādisesa,一種較重的罪)誹謗其他比丘,犯波夜提罪。』 『如果比丘,與女人一同在路上行走,到達一個村落,犯波夜提罪。』 『如果比丘,與盜賊一同在路上行走,到達一個村落,犯波夜提罪。』 『如果比丘,為未滿二十歲的人授具足戒(Upasampadā,佛教中的高級戒律),犯波夜提罪。』 『如果比丘,自己挖掘土地,或者指使他人挖掘土地,犯波夜提罪。』 『如果比丘,在還有剩餘福德的地方,四個月請求僧團施捨一切藥物。如果接受過多,犯波夜提罪。』 『如果比丘,說四波羅夷法(Pārājika,佛教中最重的罪),說:『我不接受這些法。我應該去問其他持戒律、阿毗曇(Abhidhamma,佛教經藏的一部分)的人。』犯波夜提罪。』 『如果比丘,與他人爭鬥之後,偷偷去聽(他們的爭論),犯波夜提罪。』 『如果比丘,在僧團判決事情時,默不作聲地離開,不告知德高望重的比丘,犯波夜提罪。』 『如果比丘,不恭敬上座(長老),犯波夜提罪。』 『如果比丘,飲酒,每喝一口,犯波夜提罪。』 『如果比丘,過了中午進入村落,犯波夜提罪,除非有特殊原因。』 『如果比丘,爲了讓別人知道僧團的事情,無論上午、中午還是下午去其他人家裡,犯波夜提罪。』 『如果比丘,在剎帝利(Kshatriya,印度種姓制度中的武士階層)國王的領地,在天未亮或寶物未藏好時,越過大門或門檻,犯波夜提罪,除非有特殊原因。』 『如果比丘,說四波羅夷法,說:『我才知道這些法是半月半月在戒經中說的。』其他比丘知道這個比丘再三在誦戒時坐在那裡。如果不尊重戒律、不專心聽講,犯波夜提罪。』 『如果比丘,用骨頭、牙齒、角製作針筒,犯波夜提罪。』 『如果比丘,製作的床腳超過佛的八指(約20釐米)的高度,犯波夜提罪。』 『如果比丘,草木華』

【English Translation】 English version 『If a bhikkhu (monk), having first given robes to the five groups, then takes them back for use, it is to be confessed (Pāyantika).』 『If a bhikkhu, with a Saṃghādisesa (offense requiring formal meeting of the Sangha) offense, accuses another bhikkhu, it is to be confessed.』 『If a bhikkhu, travels on the same road with a woman, reaching a village, it is to be confessed.』 『If a bhikkhu, travels on the same road with a thief, reaching a village, it is to be confessed.』 『If a bhikkhu, confers full ordination (Upasampadā) on one who is not yet twenty years old, it is to be confessed.』 『If a bhikkhu, digs the ground himself, or causes another to dig, it is to be confessed.』 『If a bhikkhu, in a place where there is remaining merit, requests the Sangha for all medicines for four months. If he receives more than that, it is to be confessed.』 『If a bhikkhu, speaks of the four Pārājika (defeats) laws, saying: 『I do not accept these laws. I should ask others who uphold the Vinaya (monastic rules) and Abhidhamma (Buddhist scriptures).』 it is to be confessed.』 『If a bhikkhu, having quarreled with another, secretly goes to listen, it is to be confessed.』 『If a bhikkhu, when the Sangha is deciding a matter, silently gets up and leaves, without informing a virtuous bhikkhu, it is to be confessed.』 『If a bhikkhu, does not respect a senior monk, it is to be confessed.』 『If a bhikkhu, drinks alcohol, with each swallow, it is to be confessed.』 『If a bhikkhu, enters a village after midday, it is to be confessed, except for a reason.』 『If a bhikkhu, in order to let others know the affairs of the Sangha, goes to another's house, whether in the morning, midday, or afternoon, it is to be confessed.』 『If a bhikkhu, in the territory of a Kshatriya (warrior caste) king, before dawn or before treasures are hidden, crosses a gate or threshold, it is to be confessed, except for a reason.』 『If a bhikkhu, speaks of the four Pārājika laws, saying: 『I only now know that these laws are spoken of in the Patimokkha (monastic code) every half-month.』 The bhikkhus know that this bhikkhu sits in the recitation of the Patimokkha again and again. If he does not respect the precepts, and does not listen attentively, it is to be confessed.』 『If a bhikkhu, makes a needle case from bone, teeth, or horn, it is to be confessed.』 『If a bhikkhu, makes bed legs exceeding the Buddha's eight finger-breadths (approximately 20 centimeters), it is to be confessed.』 『If a bhikkhu, grass, wood, flowers』


作敷具,波夜提。

「若比丘,過量作雨浴衣,波夜提。

「若比丘,過量作覆身衣,波夜提。

「若比丘,作尼師壇,長佛二搩手、廣一搩手半,更益一搩手。過者,波夜提。

「若比丘,與佛等量作衣,波夜提。」

「諸大德!已說九十波夜提法竟。今問,諸大德是中清凈不?」(如是三說)「諸大德是中清凈,默然故,是事如是持。」

「諸大德!是四波羅提提舍尼法,半月半月戒經中說。

「若比丘,不病,入聚落,從非親里比丘尼邊自手取食者,波羅提提舍尼。

「若比丘,受比丘尼教食食者,波羅提提舍尼。

「若比丘,有餘學家,先不受他請,後來自手取食,波羅提提舍尼。

「若比丘,僧未與羯磨,是人僧房外自手取食,波羅提提舍尼。」

「諸大德!已說四波羅提提舍尼法竟。今問,諸大德是中清凈不?」(如是三說)「諸大德是中清凈,默然故,是事如是持。」

「諸大德!是眾學法,半月半月戒經中說。

「不高著內衣,應當學。

「不下著內衣,應當學。

「不參差著內衣,應當學。

「不如多羅葉著內衣,應當學。

「不如象鼻著內衣,應當學。

「不如圓柰著內衣,

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 製作敷具(坐具),觸犯波夜提罪。

『如果比丘,過量製作雨浴衣,觸犯波夜提罪。』

『如果比丘,過量製作覆身衣,觸犯波夜提罪。』

『如果比丘,製作尼師壇(坐墊),長度超過佛的二搩手(約等於兩肘的長度)、寬度超過一搩手半,再額外增加一搩手。超過這個尺寸,觸犯波夜提罪。』

『如果比丘,製作的衣服尺寸與佛的尺寸相等,觸犯波夜提罪。』

『諸位大德!九十條波夜提法已經宣說完畢。現在問大家,在這其中是否清凈?』(如此重複三次)『諸位大德在這其中是清凈的,因為大家保持沉默,這件事就這樣認可了。』

『諸位大德!這四條波羅提提舍尼法,在每半個月誦戒經時宣說。』

『如果比丘,沒有生病,進入村落,從非親屬的比丘尼那裡親自接受食物,觸犯波羅提提舍尼罪。』

『如果比丘,接受比丘尼的教唆而食用食物,觸犯波羅提提舍尼罪。』

『如果比丘,有其他還在學習的人,事先沒有接受邀請,之後自己親自取食物,觸犯波羅提提舍尼罪。』

『如果比丘,僧團沒有給予羯磨(羯磨:僧團會議的決議),此人在僧房外自己親自取食物,觸犯波羅提提舍尼罪。』

『諸位大德!四條波羅提提舍尼法已經宣說完畢。現在問大家,在這其中是否清凈?』(如此重複三次)『諸位大德在這其中是清凈的,因為大家保持沉默,這件事就這樣認可了。』

『諸位大德!這些是眾學法,在每半個月誦戒經時宣說。』

『不把內衣穿得太高,應當學習。』

『不把內衣穿得太低,應當學習。』

『不參差不齊地穿著內衣,應當學習。』

『不像多羅葉那樣穿著內衣,應當學習。』

『不像象鼻那樣穿著內衣,應當學習。』

『不像圓柰那樣穿著內衣,應當學習。

【English Translation】 English version To make a sitting cloth is a Pacittiya.

『If a bhikkhu, makes a rain-bathing cloth exceeding the measure, it is a Pacittiya.』

『If a bhikkhu, makes a covering cloth exceeding the measure, it is a Pacittiya.』

『If a bhikkhu, makes a nisidana (sitting mat), its length is the Buddha's two spans, its width one and a half spans, with an additional span as a border. Exceeding this, it is a Pacittiya.』

『If a bhikkhu, makes a robe equal in measure to the Buddha's, it is a Pacittiya.』

『Venerables! The ninety Pacittiya rules have been recited. Now I ask, are you pure in this matter?』 (This is said three times.) 『Venerables, you are pure in this matter, because you are silent. Thus I understand it.』

『Venerables! These are the four Patidesaniya rules, which are recited in the Patimokkha (戒經) every half-month.』

『If a bhikkhu, not being ill, enters a village and takes food from the hand of a bhikkhuni (比丘尼: female monastic) who is not a relative, it is to be confessed.』

『If a bhikkhu, eats food instructed by a bhikkhuni, it is to be confessed.』

『If a bhikkhu, with other learners present, without having been invited beforehand, later takes food with his own hand, it is to be confessed.』

『If a bhikkhu, without the Sangha (僧伽: monastic community) having given a kamma (羯磨: formal act of the Sangha), takes food with his own hand outside the Sangha's residence, it is to be confessed.』

『Venerables! The four Patidesaniya rules have been recited. Now I ask, are you pure in this matter?』 (This is said three times.) 『Venerables, you are pure in this matter, because you are silent. Thus I understand it.』

『Venerables! These are the Sekhiya (眾學法: rules of training), which are recited in the Patimokkha every half-month.』

『I will train myself: I will not wear the undergarment too high.』

『I will train myself: I will not wear the undergarment too low.』

『I will train myself: I will not wear the undergarment unevenly.』

『I will train myself: I will not wear the undergarment like a talipot leaf.』

『I will train myself: I will not wear the undergarment like an elephant's trunk.』

『I will train myself: I will not wear the undergarment like a round jujube.』


應當學。

「不細褶著內衣,應當學。

「不高被衣,應當學。

「不下被衣,應當學。

「不參差被衣,應當學。

「好覆身入白衣舍,應當學。

「好覆身入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不眄視入白衣舍,應當學。

「不眄視入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不好入白衣舍,應當學。

「不好入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不嗅入白衣舍,應當學。

「不嗅入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不自大入白衣舍,應當學。

「不自大入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「小聲入白衣舍,應當學。

「小聲入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不胡跪入白衣舍,應當學。

「不胡跪入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不覆頭入白衣舍,應當學。

「不覆頭入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不幞頭入白衣舍,應當學。

「不幞頭入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不叉腰入白衣舍,應當學。

「不叉腰入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不現胸入白衣舍,應當學。

「不現胸入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不現脅入白衣舍,應當學。

「不現脅入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不反抄衣入白衣舍,應當學。

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本: 應當學習以下內容:

『不穿褶皺過多的內衣,應當學習。』

『不要把被子蓋得太高,應當學習。』

『不要把被子蓋得太低,應當學習。』

『不要參差不齊地蓋被子,應當學習。』

『好好地整理衣物進入在家居士(白衣舍)的住所,應當學習。』

『好好地整理衣物進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。』

『不要斜視著進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。』

『不要斜視著進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。』

『不要不恭敬地進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。』

『不要不恭敬地進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。』

『不要嗅聞著進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。』

『不要嗅聞著進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。』

『不要自大地進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。』

『不要自大地進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。』

『小聲地進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。』

『小聲地進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。』

『不要胡亂跪著進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。』

『不要胡亂跪著進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。』

『不要蒙著頭進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。』

『不要蒙著頭進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。』

『不要戴著頭巾進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。』

『不要戴著頭巾進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。』

『不要叉著腰進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。』

『不要叉著腰進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。』

『不要袒胸進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。』

『不要袒胸進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。』

『不要露出脅部進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。』

『不要露出脅部進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。』

『不要反手抄著衣服進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。』

【English Translation】 English version: One should learn:

『One should learn not to wear inner garments with excessive folds.』

『One should learn not to cover oneself with the robe too high.』

『One should learn not to cover oneself with the robe too low.』

『One should learn not to cover oneself with the robe unevenly.』

『One should learn to enter the abode of a layperson (Bai Yi She 白衣舍) well-covered.』

『One should learn to enter the abode of a layperson well-covered and sit down.』

『One should learn not to glance sideways when entering the abode of a layperson.』

『One should learn not to glance sideways when entering the abode of a layperson and sitting down.』

『One should learn not to enter the abode of a layperson disrespectfully.』

『One should learn not to enter the abode of a layperson disrespectfully and sit down.』

『One should learn not to sniff when entering the abode of a layperson.』

『One should learn not to sniff when entering the abode of a layperson and sitting down.』

『One should learn not to enter the abode of a layperson arrogantly.』

『One should learn not to enter the abode of a layperson arrogantly and sit down.』

『One should learn to enter the abode of a layperson quietly.』

『One should learn to enter the abode of a layperson quietly and sit down.』

『One should learn not to kneel improperly when entering the abode of a layperson.』

『One should learn not to kneel improperly when entering the abode of a layperson and sitting down.』

『One should learn not to cover one's head when entering the abode of a layperson.』

『One should learn not to cover one's head when entering the abode of a layperson and sitting down.』

『One should learn not to wear a turban when entering the abode of a layperson.』

『One should learn not to wear a turban when entering the abode of a layperson and sitting down.』

『One should learn not to stand with hands on hips when entering the abode of a layperson.』

『One should learn not to stand with hands on hips when entering the abode of a layperson and sitting down.』

『One should learn not to expose one's chest when entering the abode of a layperson.』

『One should learn not to expose one's chest when entering the abode of a layperson and sitting down.』

『One should learn not to expose one's ribs when entering the abode of a layperson.』

『One should learn not to expose one's ribs when entering the abode of a layperson and sitting down.』

『One should learn not to hold one's robe with hands behind the back when entering the abode of a layperson.』


不反抄衣入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不左右反抄衣入白衣舍,應當學。

「不左右反抄衣入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不放衣跳入白衣舍,應當學。

「不放衣跳入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不掉臂入白衣舍,應當學。

「不掉臂入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不搖肩入白衣舍,應當學。

「不搖肩入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不搖頭入白衣舍,應當學。

「不搖頭入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不搖身入白衣舍,應當學。

「不搖身入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不攜手入白衣舍,應當學。

「不攜手入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不躄行入白衣舍,應當學。

「不躄行入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不累腳入白衣舍,應當學。

「不累腳入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「不掌扶頰入白衣舍,應當學。

「不掌扶頰入白衣舍坐,應當學。

「一心受羹,應當學。

「一心受飯,應當學。

「羹飯等食,應當學。

「不溢缽受食,應當學。

「不偏刳食,應當學。

「不缽中擇好食,應當學。

「不大摶飯食,應當學。

「摶飯可口食,應當學。

「不張口待

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 『不反抄衣入白衣舍坐,應當學。』(不反過來抄起衣服進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。) 『不左右反抄衣入白衣舍,應當學。』(不左右兩邊反過來抄起衣服進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。) 『不左右反抄衣入白衣舍坐,應當學。』(不左右兩邊反過來抄起衣服進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。) 『不放衣跳入白衣舍,應當學。』(不放下衣服跳入在家居士的住所,應當學習。) 『不放衣跳入白衣舍坐,應當學。』(不放下衣服跳入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。) 『不掉臂入白衣舍,應當學。』(不擺動胳膊進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。) 『不掉臂入白衣舍坐,應當學。』(不擺動胳膊進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。) 『不搖肩入白衣舍,應當學。』(不搖動肩膀進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。) 『不搖肩入白衣舍坐,應當學。』(不搖動肩膀進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。) 『不搖頭入白衣舍,應當學。』(不搖動頭部進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。) 『不搖頭入白衣舍坐,應當學。』(不搖動頭部進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。) 『不搖身入白衣舍,應當學。』(不搖動身體進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。) 『不搖身入白衣舍坐,應當學。』(不搖動身體進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。) 『不攜手入白衣舍,應當學。』(不手牽著手進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。) 『不攜手入白衣舍坐,應當學。』(不手牽著手進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。) 『不躄行入白衣舍,應當學。』(不跛行進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。) 『不躄行入白衣舍坐,應當學。』(不跛行進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。) 『不累腳入白衣舍,應當學。』(不拖著腳進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。) 『不累腳入白衣舍坐,應當學。』(不拖著腳進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。) 『不掌扶頰入白衣舍,應當學。』(不用手掌托著臉頰進入在家居士的住所,應當學習。) 『不掌扶頰入白衣舍坐,應當學。』(不用手掌托著臉頰進入在家居士的住所並坐下,應當學習。) 『一心受羹,應當學。』(專心接受羹湯,應當學習。) 『一心受飯,應當學。』(專心接受米飯,應當學習。) 『羹飯等食,應當學。』(對待羹湯和米飯等食物,應當學習平等對待。) 『不溢缽受食,應當學。』(不讓食物溢出缽外,應當學習。) 『不偏刳食,應當學。』(不偏頗地挑取食物,應當學習。) 『不缽中擇好食,應當學。』(不在缽中挑選好的食物,應當學習。) 『不大摶飯食,應當學。』(不要捏成太大的飯糰食用,應當學習。) 『摶飯可口食,應當學。』(捏成大小適口的飯糰食用,應當學習。) 『不張口待』(不要張著嘴等待食物。)

【English Translation】 English version 『One should learn not to turn up and gather the robe before entering and sitting in the householder's dwelling.』 『One should learn not to turn up and gather the robe on either the left or right side before entering the householder's dwelling.』 『One should learn not to turn up and gather the robe on either the left or right side before entering and sitting in the householder's dwelling.』 『One should learn not to throw the robe and jump into the householder's dwelling.』 『One should learn not to throw the robe and jump into the householder's dwelling and sit down.』 『One should learn not to swing one's arms when entering the householder's dwelling.』 『One should learn not to swing one's arms when entering the householder's dwelling and sit down.』 『One should learn not to shake one's shoulders when entering the householder's dwelling.』 『One should learn not to shake one's shoulders when entering the householder's dwelling and sit down.』 『One should learn not to shake one's head when entering the householder's dwelling.』 『One should learn not to shake one's head when entering the householder's dwelling and sit down.』 『One should learn not to shake one's body when entering the householder's dwelling.』 『One should learn not to shake one's body when entering the householder's dwelling and sit down.』 『One should learn not to hold hands when entering the householder's dwelling.』 『One should learn not to hold hands when entering the householder's dwelling and sit down.』 『One should learn not to hobble when entering the householder's dwelling.』 『One should learn not to hobble when entering the householder's dwelling and sit down.』 『One should learn not to drag one's feet when entering the householder's dwelling.』 『One should learn not to drag one's feet when entering the householder's dwelling and sit down.』 『One should learn not to support one's cheek with one's palm when entering the householder's dwelling.』 『One should learn not to support one's cheek with one's palm when entering the householder's dwelling and sit down.』 『One should learn to receive soup with a focused mind.』 『One should learn to receive rice with a focused mind.』 『One should learn to treat soup, rice, and other foods equally.』 『One should learn not to receive food overflowing the bowl (缽, bō).』 『One should learn not to pick food partially.』 『One should learn not to select good food from the bowl (缽, bō).』 『One should learn not to make a large ball of rice to eat.』 『One should learn to make an appropriately sized ball of rice to eat.』 『One should not open the mouth waiting』


食,應當學。

「不含食語,應當學。

「不嚙半飯,應當學。

「不嚼食作聲食,應當學。

「不全吞食,應當學。

「不未嚥食食,應當學。

「不吐舌食,應當學。

「不嗅食食,應當學。

「不舐手食,應當學。

「不指抆缽食,應當學。

「不棄飯食,應當學。

「不振手食,應當學。

「不污手受飲器,應當學。

「比丘不病不得為己索羹飯,應當學。

「不以飯覆羹更望得,應當學。

「不得嫉心看比坐缽中食,應當學。

「一心觀缽食,應當學。

「次第食,應當學。

「洗缽汁不得棄白衣舍內,除語主人,應當學。

「騎乘人,不為說法,除病,應當學。

「人在前、比丘在後,不為說法。除病應當學。

「人在道中、比丘在道外,不為說法,除病,應當學。

「人在高座、比丘在下,不為說法,除病,應當學。

「人坐、比丘立,不為說法,除病,應當學。

「人臥、比丘坐,不為說法,除病,應當學。

「人覆頭,不為說法,除病,應當學。

「人幞頭,不為說法,除病,應當學。

「人叉腰,不為說法,除病,

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 關於飲食,應當學習。

『不發出與食物相關的聲音,應當學習。』

『不咬一半的飯,應當學習。』

『不咀嚼食物時發出聲音,應當學習。』

『不囫圇吞棗,應當學習。』

『不還沒嚥下就繼續吃,應當學習。』

『不伸出舌頭舔食,應當學習。』

『不嗅食物,應當學習。』

『不舔手指,應當學習。』

『不用手指擦拭缽,應當學習。』

『不丟棄食物,應當學習。』

『不抖動手吃飯,應當學習。』

『不弄髒手去拿飲用器皿,應當學習。』

『比丘(bhikkhu,佛教僧侶)沒有生病,不得自己要求羹飯,應當學習。』

『不把飯蓋在羹上,希望得到更多,應當學習。』

『不得心懷嫉妒地看著其他比丘(bhikkhu,佛教僧侶)缽中的食物,應當學習。』

『專心觀察缽中的食物,應當學習。』

『按順序食用,應當學習。』

『洗缽的水不得倒在俗家(白衣)的院子里,除非告知主人,應當學習。』

『對於騎乘之人,不為其說法,除非生病,應當學習。』

『人在前面,比丘(bhikkhu,佛教僧侶)在後面,不為其說法,除非生病,應當學習。』

『人在路中間,比丘(bhikkhu,佛教僧侶)在路邊,不為其說法,除非生病,應當學習。』

『人在高座上,比丘(bhikkhu,佛教僧侶)在下面,不為其說法,除非生病,應當學習。』

『人坐著,比丘(bhikkhu,佛教僧侶)站著,不為其說法,除非生病,應當學習。』

『人躺著,比丘(bhikkhu,佛教僧侶)坐著,不為其說法,除非生病,應當學習。』

『人蒙著頭,不為其說法,除非生病,應當學習。』

『人包著頭巾,不為其說法,除非生病,應當學習。』

『人叉著腰,不為其說法,除非生病,應當學習。』

【English Translation】 English version Regarding food, one should train oneself.

『One should train oneself not to make sounds related to food.』

『One should train oneself not to bite off half a mouthful of food.』

『One should train oneself not to make chewing sounds while eating.』

『One should train oneself not to swallow food whole.』

『One should train oneself not to eat before swallowing the previous mouthful.』

『One should train oneself not to stick out the tongue while eating.』

『One should train oneself not to smell the food.』

『One should train oneself not to lick one's fingers.』

『One should train oneself not to wipe one's bowl with one's fingers.』

『One should train oneself not to discard food.』

『One should train oneself not to shake one's hand while eating.』

『One should train oneself not to take a drinking vessel with soiled hands.』

『A bhikkhu (Buddhist monk) who is not ill should not ask for soup or rice for himself; one should train oneself.』

『One should train oneself not to cover rice with soup, hoping to get more.』

『One should train oneself not to look with envy at the food in the bowls of other bhikkhus (Buddhist monks).』

『One should train oneself to focus one's mind on the food in the bowl.』

『One should train oneself to eat in order.』

『One should train oneself not to discard the water used to wash the bowl in the house of a layperson (white-clad), unless informing the owner.』

『One should train oneself not to teach the Dharma to someone who is riding, unless they are ill.』

『One should train oneself not to teach the Dharma when a person is in front and the bhikkhu (Buddhist monk) is behind, unless they are ill.』

『One should train oneself not to teach the Dharma when a person is in the road and the bhikkhu (Buddhist monk) is outside the road, unless they are ill.』

『One should train oneself not to teach the Dharma when a person is on a high seat and the bhikkhu (Buddhist monk) is below, unless they are ill.』

『One should train oneself not to teach the Dharma when a person is sitting and the bhikkhu (Buddhist monk) is standing, unless they are ill.』

『One should train oneself not to teach the Dharma when a person is lying down and the bhikkhu (Buddhist monk) is sitting, unless they are ill.』

『One should train oneself not to teach the Dharma when a person has their head covered, unless they are ill.』

『One should train oneself not to teach the Dharma when a person is wearing a turban, unless they are ill.』

『One should train oneself not to teach the Dharma when a person has their arms akimbo, unless they are ill.』


應當學。

「人現胸,不為說法,除病,應當學。

「人現脅,不為說法,除病,應當學。

「人反抄衣,不為說法,除病,應當學。

「人左右反抄衣,不為說法,除病,應當學。

「人放衣挑,不為說法,除病,應當學。

「人著屐,不為說法,除病,應當學。

「人著革屣,不為說法,除病,應當學。

「人執蓋,不得為說法,除病,應當學。

「人捉杖,不為說法,除病,應當學。

「人捉五尺刀,不為說法,除病,應當學。

「人捉小刀,不為說法,除病,應當學。

「人捉弓箭種種器仗,不為說法,除病,應當學。

「不應生草上大小便涕唾,除病,應當學。

「不應凈用水中大小便涕唾,除病,應當學。

「不應立大小便,除病,應當學。

「樹過人不應上,除因緣,應當學。」

「諸大德!已說眾學法竟。今問,諸大德是中清凈不?」(如是三說)「諸大德是中清凈,默然故,是事如是持。」

「諸大德!是七滅諍法,半月半月戒經中說。

「應與現前毗膩人,當與現前毗膩。

「應與憶念毗膩人,當與憶念毗膩。

「應與不癡毗膩人,當與不癡毗膩。

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 應當學習。

『如果有人袒露胸膛,不爲了說法,而是因為疾病,應當學習(允許這樣做)。』

『如果有人袒露脅部,不爲了說法,而是因為疾病,應當學習(允許這樣做)。』

『如果有人反抄衣袖,不爲了說法,而是因為疾病,應當學習(允許這樣做)。』

『如果有人左右反抄衣袖,不爲了說法,而是因為疾病,應當學習(允許這樣做)。』

『如果有人放下衣物挑著,不爲了說法,而是因為疾病,應當學習(允許這樣做)。』

『如果有人穿著木屐,不爲了說法,而是因為疾病,應當學習(允許這樣做)。』

『如果有人穿著皮鞋,不爲了說法,而是因為疾病,應當學習(允許這樣做)。』

『如果有人拿著傘蓋,不得為此說法,而是因為疾病,應當學習(允許這樣做)。』

『如果有人拿著手杖,不爲了說法,而是因為疾病,應當學習(允許這樣做)。』

『如果有人拿著五尺長的刀,不爲了說法,而是因為疾病,應當學習(允許這樣做)。』

『如果有人拿著小刀,不爲了說法,而是因為疾病,應當學習(允許這樣做)。』

『如果有人拿著弓箭等各種器仗,不爲了說法,而是因為疾病,應當學習(允許這樣做)。』

『不應該在生草上大小便、擤鼻涕、吐痰,除非因為疾病,應當學習(避免這樣做)。』

『不應該在乾淨的水中大小便、擤鼻涕、吐痰,除非因為疾病,應當學習(避免這樣做)。』

『不應該站著大小便,除非因為疾病,應當學習(避免這樣做)。』

『樹的高度超過人就不應該攀爬,除非有因緣,應當學習(避免這樣做)。』

『諸位大德!已經說完眾學法。現在問,諸位大德對此是否清凈?』(像這樣說三遍)『諸位大德對此清凈,因為默然,所以這件事就這樣持守。』

『諸位大德!這是七種滅諍法,在半月半月的戒經中宣說。

『應當給予現前毗膩(vinaya,音譯,戒律)人,應當給予現前毗膩。』

『應當給予憶念毗膩人,應當給予憶念毗膩。』

『應當給予不癡毗膩人,應當給予不癡毗膩。

【English Translation】 English version It should be learned.

『If a person exposes their chest, not for the sake of teaching the Dharma, but due to illness, it should be learned (it is permissible).』

『If a person exposes their flank, not for the sake of teaching the Dharma, but due to illness, it should be learned (it is permissible).』

『If a person folds their sleeves backwards, not for the sake of teaching the Dharma, but due to illness, it should be learned (it is permissible).』

『If a person folds their sleeves backwards on both sides, not for the sake of teaching the Dharma, but due to illness, it should be learned (it is permissible).』

『If a person puts down their clothes and carries them on a pole, not for the sake of teaching the Dharma, but due to illness, it should be learned (it is permissible).』

『If a person wears wooden clogs, not for the sake of teaching the Dharma, but due to illness, it should be learned (it is permissible).』

『If a person wears leather shoes, not for the sake of teaching the Dharma, but due to illness, it should be learned (it is permissible).』

『If a person holds an umbrella, they should not teach the Dharma, but due to illness, it should be learned (it is permissible).』

『If a person holds a staff, not for the sake of teaching the Dharma, but due to illness, it should be learned (it is permissible).』

『If a person holds a five-foot-long knife, not for the sake of teaching the Dharma, but due to illness, it should be learned (it is permissible).』

『If a person holds a small knife, not for the sake of teaching the Dharma, but due to illness, it should be learned (it is permissible).』

『If a person holds bows, arrows, and various weapons, not for the sake of teaching the Dharma, but due to illness, it should be learned (it is permissible).』

『One should not urinate, defecate, blow one's nose, or spit on living grass, unless due to illness, it should be learned (avoid doing so).』

『One should not urinate, defecate, blow one's nose, or spit in clean water, unless due to illness, it should be learned (avoid doing so).』

『One should not urinate or defecate while standing, unless due to illness, it should be learned (avoid doing so).』

『One should not climb a tree taller than a person, unless there is a reason, it should be learned (avoid doing so).』

『Venerable monks! The rules of learning have been explained. Now I ask, are you pure in these matters?』 (Say this three times) 『Venerable monks are pure in these matters, because of silence, so this matter is upheld in this way.』

『Venerable monks! These are the seven methods for settling disputes, which are spoken of in the precepts recited every half-month.

『It should be given to the present Vinaya (vinaya, transliteration, discipline) person, it should be given to the present Vinaya.』

『It should be given to the Vinaya person who remembers, it should be given to the Vinaya who remembers.』

『It should be given to the Vinaya person who is not foolish, it should be given to the Vinaya who is not foolish.』


「應與自言持人,當與自言持。

「應與覓罪相人,當與覓罪相。

「應與覓罪相人,當與多覓罪相。

「種種僧中諍事生,如草布地除滅,應當學。」

「諸大德!已說七滅諍法竟。今問,諸大德是中清凈不?」(如是三說)「諸大德是中清凈,默然故,是事如是持。」

「諸大德!已說戒序、四波羅夷、十三僧殘、二不定、三十尼薩耆波夜提、九十波夜提、四波羅夷提提舍尼、眾學法、七滅諍法竟。是事入佛經中,半月半月戒經中說。若有餘學,當一心學。如水乳合安樂行,應當學。」

佛告比丘:「毗婆尸佛如來、應供、正遍知,為寂靜僧,最初略說波羅提木叉:

「『忍辱第一道,  涅槃佛稱最,   出家惱他人,  不名為沙門。』

「第二尸棄佛如來、應供、正遍知,為寂靜僧,最初略說波羅提木叉:

「『譬如明眼人,  能避險惡道,   世有聰明人,  能遠離眾惡。』

「第三毗缽施佛如來、應供、正遍知,為寂靜僧,最初略說波羅提木叉:

「『不毀亦不犯,  如戒所說行,   飯食知節量,  常樂在空處,   心常樂精進,  是名諸佛教。』

「第四拘樓孫佛如來、應供、正遍知,為寂靜僧,最初略說波

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 『對於應該用自言持(自己承認過失)來處理的人,就應該用自言持來處理。 『對於應該尋找罪相來處理的人,就應該尋找罪相。 『對於應該尋找罪相來處理的人,就應該更多地尋找罪相。 『僧團中出現各種各樣的爭端,應該像用草覆蓋地面一樣消除,應當學習。』 『諸位大德!七滅諍法已經說完。現在問,諸位大德對此是否清凈?』(這樣說三遍)『諸位大德對此清凈,因為默然,所以這件事就這樣確定。』 『諸位大德!戒序、四波羅夷(根本罪)、十三僧殘(僅次於根本罪的重罪)、二不定(罪名不確定的罪)、三十尼薩耆波夜提(捨墮罪)、九十波夜提(單墮罪)、四波羅夷提提舍尼(向彼悔罪)、眾學法(關於行爲規範的戒律)、七滅諍法已經說完。這些內容都收錄在佛經中,在半月半月的戒經中宣說。如果還有需要學習的,應當一心學習。像水和乳融合一樣安樂地修行,應當學習。』 佛告訴比丘(佛教出家男眾)們:『毗婆尸佛(Vipassi Buddha)如來(Tathagata)、應供(Arhat)、正遍知(Samyaksambuddha),爲了寂靜的僧團,最初簡略地說出波羅提木叉(Pratimoksha): 『忍辱是第一要道,涅槃(Nirvana)是佛所稱讚的最高境界,出家卻惱亂他人,不能稱為沙門(Sramana,出家修行者)。』 『第二位,尸棄佛(Sikhi Buddha)如來、應供、正遍知,爲了寂靜的僧團,最初簡略地說出波羅提木叉: 『譬如明眼人,能夠避開危險的道路,世上有聰明人,能夠遠離各種惡行。』 『第三位,毗缽施佛(Vessabhu Buddha)如來、應供、正遍知,爲了寂靜的僧團,最初簡略地說出波羅提木叉: 『不毀犯也不違越,如戒律所說的那樣實行,飲食知道節制,常常喜歡在空閑的地方,內心常常喜歡精進,這就是諸佛的教導。』 『第四位,拘樓孫佛(Kakusandha Buddha)如來、應供、正遍知,爲了寂靜的僧團,最初簡略地說出波羅提木叉:

【English Translation】 English version 『To the person who should be dealt with by self-admission, one should deal with self-admission. 『To the person who should be dealt with by seeking out faults, one should seek out faults. 『To the person who should be dealt with by seeking out faults, one should seek out more faults. 『When various disputes arise in the Sangha (monastic community), they should be eliminated like covering the ground with grass; one should learn this.』 『Venerable ones! The seven methods for settling disputes have been explained. Now I ask, are the venerable ones clear on this matter?』 (This is said three times.) 『The venerable ones are clear on this matter; because of silence, this matter is thus established.』 『Venerable ones! The introduction to the precepts, the four Parajikas (defeats), the thirteen Sanghadisesas (formal meetings), the two Aniyatas (undetermined offenses), the thirty Nissaggiya Pacittiyas (offenses entailing forfeiture), the ninety Pacittiyas (expiatory offenses), the four Patidesaniyas (offenses to be confessed), the Sekhiyas (rules of training), and the seven methods for settling disputes have been explained. These matters are included in the Buddha's teachings and are recited in the Pratimoksha (monastic code) every half month. If there is more to learn, one should learn with a focused mind. One should practice happily, like water and milk blending together.』 The Buddha told the Bhikkhus (Buddhist monks): 『Vipassi Buddha (Vipassi Buddha), the Tathagata (Tathagata), Arhat (Arhat), Samyaksambuddha (Samyaksambuddha), for the sake of the peaceful Sangha, initially briefly stated the Pratimoksha (Pratimoksha): 『Patience is the foremost practice, Nirvana (Nirvana) is said by the Buddha to be the highest, one who has left home but troubles others, is not called a Sramana (Sramana, a religious ascetic).』 『The second, Sikhi Buddha (Sikhi Buddha), the Tathagata, Arhat, Samyaksambuddha, for the sake of the peaceful Sangha, initially briefly stated the Pratimoksha: 『Just as a person with clear eyes can avoid dangerous paths, so too, a wise person in the world can avoid all evils.』 『The third, Vessabhu Buddha (Vessabhu Buddha), the Tathagata, Arhat, Samyaksambuddha, for the sake of the peaceful Sangha, initially briefly stated the Pratimoksha: 『Not destroying nor transgressing, acting as the precepts say, knowing moderation in food, always delighting in empty places, the mind always delighting in diligence, this is called the teaching of all the Buddhas.』 『The fourth, Kakusandha Buddha (Kakusandha Buddha), the Tathagata, Arhat, Samyaksambuddha, for the sake of the peaceful Sangha, initially briefly stated the Pratimoksha:


羅提木叉:

「『譬如蜂采華,  不壞色與香,   但取其味去。  比丘出聚然,   不破壞他事,  不觀作不作,   但自觀身行,  諦視善不善。』

「第五拘那含牟尼佛如來、應供、正遍知,為寂靜僧,最初略說波羅提木叉:

「『欲得好心莫放逸,  聖人善法當勤學,   若有智寂一心人,  乃能無復愁憂患。』

「第六迦葉佛如來、應供、正遍知,為寂靜僧,最初略說波羅提木叉:

「『一切惡莫作,  當具足善法,   自凈其志意,  是名諸佛教。』

「第七我釋迦牟尼佛如來、應供、正遍知,為寂靜僧,最初略說波羅提木叉:

「『護身為善哉,  能護口亦善,   護意為善哉,  護一切亦善,   比丘護一切,  便得離眾苦。   比丘守口意,  身不犯眾惡,   是三業道凈,  得聖所得道。   若人捶罵不還報,  于嫌恨人心不恨,   于瞋人中心常凈,  見人為惡自不作。』」 「七佛為世尊,  能救護世間,  所可說戒經,  我已廣說竟。  諸佛及弟子,  恭敬是戒經,  恭敬戒經已,  各各相恭敬,  慚愧得具足,  能得無為道。」

「已說戒經竟,僧一心布薩。」

【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 羅提木叉: 『譬如蜜蜂採花,不損壞花的顏色和香味,只是取走它的花蜜。比丘進入村落也是這樣,不破壞他人的事務,不觀察他人做什麼或不做什麼,只是觀察自己的身行,審視什麼是善,什麼是不善。』 『第五位拘那含牟尼佛(Kunakarnamuni Buddha,過去七佛之一)如來(Tathagata,佛的稱號之一)、應供(Arhat,值得供養的人)、正遍知(Samyaksambuddha,完全覺悟者),為寂靜的僧團,最初簡略地說波羅提木叉(Pratimoksha,戒律): 『想要獲得好的心境就不要放逸,對於聖人的善法應當勤奮學習,如果有人智慧寂靜,一心不亂,就能沒有憂愁和憂患。』 『第六位迦葉佛(Kasyapa Buddha,過去七佛之一)如來、應供、正遍知,為寂靜的僧團,最初簡略地說波羅提木叉: 『一切惡事都不要做,應當具足一切善法,自己清凈自己的心意,這就是諸佛的教導。』 『第七位我釋迦牟尼佛(Sakyamuni Buddha,現在佛)如來、應供、正遍知,為寂靜的僧團,最初簡略地說波羅提木叉: 『守護自身是好的,能夠守護口也是好的,守護心意是好的,守護一切都是好的,比丘守護一切,便能脫離各種痛苦。 比丘守護口和意,身體不犯各種惡行,這三種行為清凈,就能得到聖人所得到的道。 如果有人捶打謾罵也不還報,對於懷有嫌隙和怨恨的人心裡也不怨恨,對於嗔怒的人心中常常保持清凈,看到別人做惡自己不做。』』 『七佛是世間的尊者,能夠救護世間,所說的戒經,我已經廣泛地說完了。 諸佛以及他們的弟子,恭敬這部戒經,恭敬戒經之後,各自互相恭敬,慚愧心得以具足,就能得到無為之道。』 『已經說完戒經,僧團一心舉行布薩(Posadha,一種佛教儀式)。』

【English Translation】 English version Pratimoksha: 『Just as a bee collects nectar from a flower, without damaging its color or fragrance, taking only the essence; so too, a Bhikkhu (Buddhist monk) enters a village, without disrupting others' affairs, not observing what they do or do not do, but observing his own actions, discerning what is good and what is not.』 『The fifth, the Kunakarnamuni Buddha (Kunakarnamuni Buddha, one of the seven past Buddhas), the Tathagata (Tathagata, 'Thus Gone One', an epithet of the Buddha), the Arhat (Arhat, 'Worthy One', one who is free from defilements), the Samyaksambuddha (Samyaksambuddha, 'Perfectly Self-Awakened One'), for the peaceful Sangha (Sangha, monastic community), initially briefly spoke the Pratimoksha (Pratimoksha, code of monastic discipline): 『If you wish to have a good mind, do not be negligent; diligently learn the good Dharma (Dharma, teachings) of the saints; if there is a wise, tranquil, and single-minded person, then they will be free from sorrow and suffering.』 『The sixth, the Kasyapa Buddha (Kasyapa Buddha, one of the seven past Buddhas), the Tathagata, the Arhat, the Samyaksambuddha, for the peaceful Sangha, initially briefly spoke the Pratimoksha: 『Avoid doing all evil; cultivate all that is good; purify your own mind; this is the teaching of all the Buddhas.』 『The seventh, I, Shakyamuni Buddha (Sakyamuni Buddha, the present Buddha), the Tathagata, the Arhat, the Samyaksambuddha, for the peaceful Sangha, initially briefly spoke the Pratimoksha: 『Guarding the body is good; being able to guard the mouth is also good; guarding the mind is good; guarding everything is good; a Bhikkhu guarding everything, will be liberated from all suffering. A Bhikkhu guarding mouth and mind, the body does not commit various evils; these three actions are pure, and one obtains the path attained by the saints. If someone strikes and scolds without retaliation, and does not harbor hatred in their heart towards those who are resentful, and always keeps their heart pure towards those who are angry, and sees others doing evil but does not do it themselves.』』 『The seven Buddhas are the honored ones of the world, able to protect the world; the precepts that have been spoken, I have now fully explained. The Buddhas and their disciples, respect this code of precepts; having respected the code of precepts, each respects one another; with shame and remorse being complete, one can attain the unconditioned path.』 『Having finished reciting the precepts, the Sangha performs the Posadha (Posadha, a Buddhist observance) with one mind.』