T24n1473_佛說沙彌十戒儀則經

大正藏第 24 冊 No. 1473 佛說沙彌十戒儀則經

No. 1473

佛說沙彌十戒儀則經(計七十二頌)

西天譯經朝散大夫試鴻臚少卿傳法大師臣施護奉　詔譯

頂禮一切智，　　妙法及聖眾，　略說沙彌行，　　令發出家心。　于彼釋迦教，　　堅持于禁戒，　持戒如護身，　　防守勿令犯。　夜臥從早起，　　凈口及牙齒，　唸誦至天明，　　頂禮正等覺。　參近於師房，　　以手輕擊門，　入已問訊師，　　身體安樂不？　如是所作已，　　復作曼拏羅，　供養而恭敬，　　早晨觀水內，　中后時亦然，　　甕器盂缽等。　水蟲有大小，　　志心恒觀照，　以羅凈濾水，　　審觀而可用。　食飲懷慈愍，　　勿令殺害蟲，　乃至草木上，　　涂壇牛糞中，　如是受用時，　　救護于含識。　或彼床座內，　　田地糞土中，　一一子細觀，　　是名出家行。　一切承事師，　　洗缽令清凈，　依時三作禮，　　合掌向師前。　問師何所食？　　作食治饑病，　如是若為食，　　用前清凈水，　以水灌手凈，　　如法默然食。　食已說二偈，　　迴向于信施，　如說而依行，　　增長正念行。　信解凈戒法，　

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本頂禮一切智者（Sarvajna，指佛陀），以及微妙的佛法和聖賢僧眾，現在我將簡略地講述沙彌（Sramanera，佛教出家男眾的最初階段）的修行，使他們能夠發起出離世俗之心。對於釋迦牟尼佛（Sakyamuni）的教法，要堅持遵守禁戒，持戒就像保護自身一樣，嚴加防守，不要觸犯。夜晚安睡，早晨起來，清潔口和牙齒，唸誦佛經直到天亮，然後頂禮覺悟的正等覺者（Sammasambuddha，指佛陀）。前往師父的房間，用手輕輕敲門，進入後向師父問訊，詢問師父身體是否安樂？像這樣做好之後，再製作曼荼羅（Mandala，壇城），以恭敬心供養，早晨觀察水裡面，中午和下午也是一樣，觀察水甕、水盂、水缽等。仔細觀察水中是否有大小蟲類，用心觀察，用濾水器（羅）乾淨地過濾水，仔細觀察后才可以使用。飲食時要懷有慈悲憐憫之心，不要殺害蟲類，乃至草木上，塗抹的牛糞中，像這樣受用時，要救護一切有情眾生。或者在床座內，田地糞土中，都要一一仔細觀察，這叫做真正的出家修行。一切承事師父，清洗缽具使其清凈，依時三次頂禮，合掌面向師父。請問師父需要什麼食物？爲了治療飢餓的疾病而作食，像這樣準備食物，使用之前清凈的水，用水洗凈雙手，如法地默然進食。進食完畢后，唸誦兩句偈頌，迴向給信徒的佈施，如所說的那樣依教奉行，增長正念的修行。深信理解清凈的戒律。

【English Translation】 English version I prostrate to the All-Knowing One (Sarvajna, referring to the Buddha), the wonderful Dharma, and the holy Sangha, Now I will briefly explain the practice of a Sramanera (novice monk), so that they may develop the mind of renunciation. Regarding the teachings of Sakyamuni (Buddha), firmly uphold the precepts, guarding them as you would guard your own body, preventing any transgression. Sleep at night and rise early in the morning, cleanse your mouth and teeth, recite scriptures until dawn, and then prostrate to the Fully Enlightened One (Sammasambuddha, referring to the Buddha). Go to the teacher's room, gently knock on the door with your hand, and after entering, greet the teacher, asking if the teacher is well and comfortable. After doing this, create a Mandala (sacred diagram), offering it with reverence. In the morning, observe the water, and also at noon and in the afternoon, observe the water pots, bowls, and so on. Carefully observe whether there are insects, large or small, in the water. Observe attentively, and use a water filter (strainer) to purify the water, carefully examining it before use. When eating and drinking, have a compassionate heart, do not kill insects, even on plants and in cow dung, when using these things, protect all sentient beings. Or inside the bed, in the fields, and in the soil, observe everything carefully, one by one. This is called true monastic practice. Serve the teacher in all ways, wash the alms bowl to make it clean, prostrate three times at the appropriate times, and face the teacher with palms together. Ask the teacher what food is needed. Prepare food to cure the illness of hunger. When preparing food in this way, use the previously purified water, wash your hands with water, and eat silently and according to the Dharma. After eating, recite two verses, dedicating the merit to the donors, practice according to what is said, and increase the practice of right mindfulness. Deeply believe and understand the pure precepts.

依法而修持，　正觀自相應，　　出家心安樂。　若人自犯戒，　　他見生輕毀，　二人皆得罪，　　持者須一心。　持戒或破戒，　　乃至病患人，　說法不當機，　　他聞心不重，　命終得大苦。　　若人行毒藥，　及行咒法等，　　令他得命終，　又復以種種，　　方便而行殺，　如是破戒因，　　永沈三惡道，　地獄鬼畜生，　　如次受罪報。　及彼諸天輩，　　若或亦殺生，　還墮惡趣中，　　受彼諸惡報。　若有出家者，　　恣用身口意，　誤殺螻蟻類，　　于其三業中，　而得三種罪。　　若人以拳棒，　土石及磚瓦，　　打擲于有情，　駝騾禽獸等，　　亦得破戒罪。　駝騾象馬類，　　而欲輒乘騎，　往來逼迫他，　　亦得破戒罪。　若有出家者，　　不得行偷盜，　若自若教他，　　偷得於財物，　迦哩沙波拏，　　四分中一分，　如是破戒因，　　而成最重罪。　飲食穀米等，　　花果草木類，　地生或水生，　　而行於偷竊，　或偷官稅利，　　私過於關律，　及盜于有情，　　二足與多足。　或彼出家人，　　受用雖具足，　貪心復盜財，　　俱獲于重罪。　若自衣缽等，　　被賊所劫盜，　勿得強取之，　　說法方

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本依法修行，以正確的觀念看待自身，出家修行才能內心安樂。如果有人自己違犯戒律，他人見了會輕視和譭謗，違戒者和輕毀者二者都有罪過，所以持戒者必須一心一意。無論是持戒、破戒，乃至生病的人，說法如果不契合聽者的根機，他人聽了也不會重視，這樣命終後會遭受極大的痛苦。如果有人使用毒藥，或者施行詛咒等方法，使他人喪命，又或者用種種方便手段去殺人，這樣的破戒行為，將永遠沉淪於三惡道——地獄、餓鬼、畜生，依次承受罪報。即使是諸天，如果也殺生，同樣會墮入惡趣之中，承受各種惡報。如果出家之人，放縱自己的身、口、意，不小心誤殺了螻蟻之類的生物，也會因為身、口、意三業而得到三種罪過。如果有人用拳頭、棍棒、土塊、石頭或磚瓦等，打擲有情眾生，如駱駝、騾子、飛禽走獸等，也會犯下破戒之罪。對於駱駝、騾子、大象、馬匹等，如果想要隨意騎乘，來回逼迫它們，也會犯下破戒之罪。如果出家之人，不應該行偷盜之事，無論是自己偷盜還是教唆他人偷盜，偷盜財物，哪怕只是迦哩沙波拏（Karshapana）的四分之一，這樣的破戒行為，也會構成最重的罪過。偷盜飲食、穀米等，花卉、果實、草木等，無論是地上生長的還是水中生長的，或者偷盜官府的稅收利益，私自越過關卡律令，以及偷盜有情眾生的財物，無論是兩足的還是多足的。或者，有些出家人，即使受用已經很充足，但仍然貪心偷盜財物，這樣也會一同獲得重罪。如果自己的衣缽等物，被盜賊搶劫偷盜，不要強行奪取回來，應該通過說法教化的方式。

【English Translation】 English version Practicing according to the Dharma, observing oneself with correct mindfulness, the monastic life brings peace of mind. If someone violates the precepts, others will see and despise or slander them. Both the violator and the slanderer incur offenses, so those who uphold the precepts must be single-minded. Whether one upholds or breaks the precepts, or even if one is ill, if the Dharma is taught inappropriately to the audience, they will not value it, and upon death, one will suffer greatly. If someone uses poison or performs curses to cause another's death, or uses various means to kill, such violations of the precepts will cause one to sink forever into the three evil realms: hell, hungry ghosts, and animals, receiving karmic retribution accordingly. Even the gods, if they kill, will fall into evil realms and suffer evil consequences. If a monastic person indulges their body, speech, and mind, and accidentally kills ants or similar creatures, they will incur three kinds of offenses through their three karmas (body, speech, and mind). If someone uses fists, sticks, earth, stones, or bricks to strike sentient beings such as camels, mules, birds, or beasts, they also commit the offense of breaking the precepts. If one wants to ride camels, mules, elephants, or horses at will, oppressing them back and forth, one also commits the offense of breaking the precepts. If a monastic person should not engage in stealing, whether stealing themselves or instructing others to steal, stealing property, even just one-fourth of a Karshapana (迦哩沙波拏), such a violation of the precepts constitutes the most serious offense. Stealing food, grains, flowers, fruits, plants, whether growing on land or in water, or stealing government taxes and profits, secretly crossing customs regulations, and stealing the property of sentient beings, whether two-legged or many-legged. Or, if some monastic persons, even though their provisions are sufficient, still greedily steal property, they will both incur heavy offenses. If one's robes and bowl are robbed by thieves, do not forcibly take them back; one should use Dharma teachings to transform them.

便化，　或復而回買，　　不允隨他意。　是名出家心，　　不動三業瘡，　戒性自成就。　　若有出家者，　不得行淫慾。　　女男及黃門，　自來相慕欲，　　愚迷而愛著，　得彼根本罪。　　若彼故行淫，　如蛇如毒藥，　　損壞於自身，　得大地獄苦，　　障礙於涅槃，　不出于生死。　　正覺非如是，　未曾身犯戒，　　持戒獲大利。　若有出家者，　　不得出妄語。　若言見天人，　　與我同言語，　大人所住處，　　我自亦曾到，　乃至乾闥婆，　　恭伴龍夜叉，　摩睺羅伽輩，　　毗舍緊那羅，　缽哩哆鬼等，　　與我恒言話，　此皆為妄語。　　或言得五通，　正道及四果，　　曉了甚深法，　未得言為得，　　如斯之妄語，　永沈于惡趣。　　不得起兩舌，　離別他善友，　　及彼粗惡言，　綺說非與是。　　設被他毀罵，　勿得酬對他，　　種種斗諍言，　一一須忍受。　　若彼不依行，　而得犯戒罪；　　智者一心持，　獲離口業過。　　若以穀米等，　為酒醉於人，　　不得而故飲。　或以甘蔗花，　　蒲萄果實等，　修醞可醉人，　　不得而故飲。　自飲教他飲，　　迷亂而失念，　增長放逸心，　　飲者得重罪。

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本如果（施捨的物品）變質了，或者（施主）想要換回或買回，都不要答應，要隨他去。這叫做『出家心』，不觸動身、口、意三業的瘡疤，戒律的體性自然成就。如果有人出家，就不能行淫慾之事。無論是男女還是黃門（指閹人），如果彼此愛慕，被愚癡迷惑而產生愛戀，就會犯下根本罪。如果明知故犯，就像蛇和毒藥一樣，會損害自身，遭受大地獄的痛苦，障礙涅槃，無法脫離生死輪迴。正覺者（指佛陀）不是這樣的，他從未以身犯戒，持戒能獲得巨大的利益。如果有人出家，就不能說謊。如果說自己見到了天人，天人與自己交談，或者說自己去過大人物居住的地方，甚至說乾闥婆（Gandharva，天上的樂神）、恭伴龍夜叉（Yaksa，一種鬼神），摩睺羅伽（Mahoraga，一種蟒神）輩、毗舍阇（Pisaca，食人鬼）、緊那羅（Kinnara，人頭鳥身的樂神）、缽哩哆鬼（Preta，餓鬼）等，都經常與自己說話，這些都是妄語。或者說自己得到了五神通，證得了正道和四果，通曉甚深佛法，未得卻說已得，這樣的妄語，會永遠沉淪於惡趣。不能挑撥離間，離間他人善友，以及說粗惡的話，說花言巧語、似是而非的話。即使被人譭謗謾罵，也不要還口，不要進行各種爭鬥，要一一忍受。如果不能按照這些去做，就會犯戒；智者一心持戒，就能遠離口業的過失。如果用穀米等釀酒使人醉，就不能故意去喝。或者用甘蔗花、葡萄果實等釀造可以醉人的酒，也不能故意去喝。自己喝也教別人喝，導致迷亂而失去正念，增長放逸之心，飲酒的人會得到重罪。

【English Translation】 English version If (the donated items) become altered, or if (the donor) wants to exchange or buy them back, do not agree; let them do as they please. This is called 'the mind of renunciation'. It does not touch the sores of the three karmas of body, speech, and mind. The nature of precepts is naturally accomplished. If someone has left home (become a monk or nun), they must not engage in sexual activity. Whether male, female, or eunuch (Huangmen), if they are attracted to each other, deluded by ignorance and develop attachment, they will commit a fundamental offense. If they knowingly engage in sexual activity, it is like a snake or poison, harming themselves, suffering the pain of the great hells, obstructing Nirvana, and unable to escape the cycle of birth and death. The Perfectly Enlightened One (Buddha) is not like this; he has never violated the precepts with his body. Upholding the precepts brings great benefits. If someone has left home, they must not lie. If they say they have seen devas (heavenly beings), that devas speak with them, or that they have been to the places where great beings reside, or even that Gandharvas (Gandharva, celestial musicians), Yakshas (Yaksa, a type of spirit) accompanying dragons, Mahoragas (Mahoraga, a type of serpent deity), Pisacas (Pisaca, flesh-eating demons), Kinnaras (Kinnara, beings with human heads and bird bodies), Pretas (Preta, hungry ghosts), etc., constantly speak with them, these are all lies. Or if they say they have attained the five supernormal powers, realized the right path and the four fruits (stages of enlightenment), and understand profound Dharma, claiming to have attained what they have not, such lies will cause them to sink forever into the evil realms. They must not engage in divisive speech, alienating others from their good friends, or use harsh words, or frivolous and misleading speech. Even if they are slandered or reviled, they must not retaliate, or engage in various disputes; they must endure everything. If they do not follow these guidelines, they will commit offenses against the precepts; the wise, with a focused mind, uphold the precepts and avoid the faults of verbal karma. If they use grains or rice to make alcohol that intoxicates people, they must not intentionally drink it. Or if they use sugarcane flowers, grapes, or other fruits to brew alcohol that can intoxicate, they must not intentionally drink it. Drinking themselves or encouraging others to drink, leading to confusion and loss of mindfulness, increasing the mind of laxity, those who drink will incur a heavy offense.

是故世尊言，　　若人以草葉，　滴酒于口中，　　增長於過失。　歌舞兼倡妓，　　故往而觀看，　而得犯戒罪。　　香油塗飾身，　旃檀鬱金等，　　及以好花鬘，　金銀珠寶類，　　種種莊嚴身，　而得犯戒罪。　　若於眼目上，　點畫令端正，　　而得犯戒罪。　座床臥床等，　　量高可一肘，　亦不作莊嚴，　　復不令廣大，　放逸不依行，　　而得犯戒罪。　佛說出家人，　　過失宜遠離。　若受齋食時，　　不得過中午，　日出至午前，　　可許受齋飯；　非時而吃食，　　佛說得重罪。　如有比丘病，　　治病救于身，　可許中后食；　　無病不依時，　而得犯戒罪。　　金銀珍寶等，　出家不得觸，　　受者生於貪，　而得犯戒罪。　　若有檀信施，　供養佛法僧，　　為彼興福利，　可許而受用。　　一切快樂具，　勿得生愛著，　　若有貪著者，　彼人須擯出。　　所有戲笑等，　沙彌不得作，　　作者得犯罪。　若有呵欠時，　　以手遮蓋口，　不依而得罪。　　上座作啑噴，　不審而頂禮，　　新戒等啑噴，　上座須咒愿，　　長壽無其病。　沙彌向師前，　　不得於洟唾，　不得刷牙齒。　　不得向師前，　經行及

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本因此，世尊說，如果有人用草葉，滴一滴酒在口中，就會增長過失。歌舞和娼妓，如果特意前去觀看，就會犯戒得罪。用香油塗抹身體，如旃檀（一種香木）、鬱金（一種香料）等，以及美好的花鬘（花環），金銀珠寶之類的，用種種飾品莊嚴身體，就會犯戒得罪。如果在眼目上，描畫修飾使之端正，就會犯戒得罪。坐床、臥床等，高度限定在一肘（約合現代尺寸），也不要加以裝飾，也不要使其過大，放縱自己不依戒律而行，就會犯戒得罪。佛說出家人，過失應該遠離。如果接受齋食的時候，不得超過中午，日出到中午之前，可以允許接受齋飯；不在規定的時間吃東西，佛說會得到重罪。如果有比丘（佛教僧侶）生病，爲了治療身體，可以允許在中午之後吃東西；沒有生病卻不按時，就會犯戒得罪。金銀珍寶等，出家人不得觸控，接受這些會產生貪念，就會犯戒得罪。如果有檀越（施主）佈施，供養佛、法、僧三寶，爲了他們興辦福利，可以允許接受和使用。一切快樂的器具，不要產生愛戀執著，如果有人貪戀執著，這個人必須被擯棄出去。所有戲笑等，沙彌（佛教小僧）不得做，做了就會犯罪。如果有打哈欠的時候，用手遮蓋住口，不這樣做就會得罪。上座（資深僧侶）打噴嚏，不詢問就頂禮，新戒（新出家的僧侶）等打噴嚏，上座需要祝願，祝願他們長壽沒有疾病。沙彌在師父面前，不得擤鼻涕或吐痰，不得刷牙齒。不得在師父面前，經行（僧侶的行走禪修）以及

【English Translation】 English version Therefore, the World Honored One said, if a person uses a blade of grass, To drip a drop of wine into their mouth, it increases their transgressions. If one deliberately goes to watch singing, dancing, and prostitutes, They commit an offense against the precepts. Anointing the body with fragrant oils, Such as sandalwood (a type of fragrant wood), turmeric (a spice), etc., and beautiful flower garlands (wreaths), Adorning the body with various ornaments like gold, silver, and jewels, They commit an offense against the precepts. If on the eyes, One applies makeup to make them appear more beautiful, they commit an offense against the precepts. Sitting beds and sleeping beds, the height should be limited to one cubit (approximately a modern measurement), And they should not be decorated, nor should they be made too large, Indulging oneself and not following the precepts, one commits an offense against the precepts. The Buddha said that a renunciant should stay away from transgressions. When receiving alms food, it must not be past noon, From sunrise to before noon, it is permissible to receive alms food; Eating at the wrong time, the Buddha said one incurs a heavy offense. If a Bhikshu (Buddhist monk) is sick, to cure the body, It is permissible to eat after noon; without illness and not according to the time, One commits an offense against the precepts. Gold, silver, and precious jewels, etc., A renunciant must not touch them, receiving them generates greed, One commits an offense against the precepts. If there are donors who give alms, Offering to the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha (the Three Jewels), to promote their welfare, It is permissible to receive and use them. All instruments of pleasure, Do not generate attachment and clinging; if someone is greedy and attached, That person must be expelled. All joking and laughter, etc., A Shramanera (Buddhist novice) must not do them, doing so incurs an offense. If one yawns, cover the mouth with a hand, Not doing so incurs an offense. If a senior monk sneezes, Without inquiring, one prostrates; if a newly ordained monk, etc., sneezes, The senior monk must offer blessings, wishing them longevity and freedom from illness. A Shramanera in front of the teacher, must not blow their nose or spit, Must not brush their teeth. Must not in front of the teacher, Engage in walking meditation and

對座。　　耆年宿德者，　如法而尊重。　　若入觸溷時，　如有後來者，　　低聲而警覺。　所濾無蟲水，　　用添于凈瓶，　凈手安詳行，　　不失出家行。　師自座臥床，　　恒用凈襯褥，　所有床椅等，　　不得沙彌座。　師自若不在，　　依止清凈僧，　明瞭律儀者，　　承事而侍奉；　勿更依別僧，　　違者而得罪。　比丘若出行，　　而為求緣事，　五日內復歸，　　得利同行眾；　眾得利亦然，　　復與外來者，　如過五日後，　　二俱各無分。　沙彌大小便，　　須問佛僧地，　不得亂往來，　　行依自界分。　一切凡所作，　　合掌先問師，　如是所作為，　　不失於正行。　日沒禮佛塔，　　禮已復問師，　與師濯雙足，　　事畢一心聽，　颙望于所須。　　初夜及后夜，　持誦勿須停。　　中夜睡眠時，　如彼師子臥。　　所說一切法，　志心而依行，　　薰識賢種子，　煩惱自斷除，　　速成無上覺。

佛說沙彌十戒儀則經

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本對座：應如法尊重年長有德者。若進入廁所時，如有後來者，應低聲提醒。用無蟲的水添滿凈瓶，洗凈雙手，安詳行走，不違背出家人的行爲規範。師父的座位和臥床，應經常使用乾淨的襯墊。所有的床和椅子等，沙彌不得坐用。師父若不在，應依止清凈的比丘僧團中，明瞭戒律者，承事侍奉；不要改依其他僧人，違者會獲罪。比丘如果外出，是爲了求取資生之物，五日內必須返回，所得利益應與同行大眾分享；大眾獲得利益也應如此，並與外來者分享，如果超過五日後才返回，則二者都無權分得利益。沙彌大小便，須詢問佛僧用地，不得隨意走動，行走應依據自己的界限。一切所作所為，應合掌先請示師父，如此作為，才不失正行。日落後禮拜佛塔，禮拜完畢后復問師父安好，為師父洗腳，事畢一心聽法，期望得到所需。初夜和后夜，持誦佛經不應停止。中夜睡眠時，應如獅子般右脅而臥。對於師父所說的一切法，應專心依教奉行，熏習賢善的種子，煩惱自然斷除，迅速成就無上正覺。《佛說沙彌十戒儀則經》

【English Translation】 English version When seated: Elderly and virtuous ones should be respected according to the Dharma. When entering the lavatory, if there are others arriving later, one should alert them in a low voice. Water that has been filtered to remove insects should be used to replenish the clean water bottle. Wash your hands cleanly and walk peacefully, without deviating from the conduct of a renunciate. The teacher's seat and bed should always have clean linings. All beds, chairs, and the like should not be used as seats by novices (Śrāmaṇera). If the teacher is not present, one should rely on a pure monastic community (Saṅgha) of monks (Bhikṣu) who are clear about the precepts (Vinaya), serving and attending to them. Do not rely on other monks; those who violate this will incur offenses. If a monk (Bhikṣu) goes out to seek requisites, he must return within five days, and the benefits obtained should be shared with the fellow practitioners. The same applies when the community obtains benefits, which should also be shared with those who come from elsewhere. If one returns after more than five days, neither party is entitled to a share. When a novice (Śrāmaṇera) needs to urinate or defecate, he must inquire about the proper place designated for the Buddha and the Saṅgha. He must not wander about randomly, and his movements should be within his designated boundaries. For everything one does, one should first ask the teacher with palms together. Acting in this way, one will not lose the right conduct. After sunset, prostrate to the Buddha's Stupa (Buddha-tā). After prostrating, ask the teacher about his well-being, wash the teacher's feet, and listen attentively with a focused mind after the task is completed, hoping to receive what is needed. During the early and late watches of the night, the recitation of scriptures should not cease. When sleeping in the middle watch of the night, one should lie down like a lion on the right side. All the teachings that the teacher speaks should be followed with a dedicated mind. Cultivate the seeds of virtue, and afflictions will naturally be cut off, quickly attaining unsurpassed enlightenment (Anuttarā-samyak-saṃbodhi). The Sutra on the Rules and Procedures of the Ten Precepts for Novices Spoken by the Buddha