T50n2047a_a

大正藏第 50 冊 No. 2047a 龍樹菩薩傳

No. 2047

龍樹菩薩傳

姚秦三藏鳩摩羅什譯

龍樹菩薩者。出南天竺梵志種也。天聰奇悟事不再告。在乳餔之中。聞諸梵志誦四圍陀典各四萬偈。偈有三十二字。皆諷其文而領其義。弱冠馳名獨步諸國。天文地理圖緯秘讖。及諸道術無不悉綜。契友三人亦是一時之杰。相與議曰。天下理義可以開神明悟幽旨者。吾等盡之矣。復欲何以自娛。騁情極欲最是一生之樂。然諸梵志道士勢。非王公何由得之。唯有隱身之術斯樂可辦。四人相視莫逆於心。俱至術家求隱身法。術師唸曰。此四梵志擅名一世草芥群生。今以術故屈辱就我。此諸梵志才明絕世。所不知者唯此賤法。我若授之。得必棄我不可復屈。且與其藥使用。而不知藥盡必來永當師我。各與青藥一丸告之曰。汝在靜處以水磨之。用涂眼瞼汝形當隱。無人見者。龍樹磨此藥時聞其氣即皆識之。分數多少錙銖無失。還告藥師向所得藥有七十種分數。多少皆如其方。藥師問曰汝何由知之。答曰。藥自有氣何以不知。師即嘆伏。若斯人者聞之猶難。而況相遇。我之賤術何足惜耶。即具授之。四人得術縱意自在。常入王宮。宮中美人皆被侵凌。百餘日後宮中人有懷妊者。懅以白

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本：《龍樹菩薩傳》

姚秦三藏鳩摩羅什譯

龍樹菩薩，是南天竺婆羅門種姓出身。（南天竺：古代印度南部的一個地區；婆羅門：印度教的祭司階層）他天資聰穎，領悟力極強，任何事情只需告知一次便能理解。還在哺乳期時，就聽聞各位婆羅門誦讀四《吠陀》經典，每部經典有四萬頌，每頌有三十二字。他都能背誦這些經文，並且領會其中的含義。成年後，他的名聲傳遍各國，無人能及。天文、地理、圖讖、秘緯以及各種道術，他都精通掌握。（圖讖、秘緯：古代讖緯之學，帶有神秘色彩的預言和解釋）他和另外三個朋友都是當時傑出的人物。他們相互議論說：『天下間的道理，能夠開啟人的智慧，領悟幽深旨意的，我們都已經掌握了。還有什麼可以讓我們自娛自樂呢？縱情享樂才是人生最大的樂趣。然而，我們這些婆羅門和道士，如果沒有王公的權勢，又怎麼能夠得到這些享受呢？只有隱身之術才能讓我們辦到這些樂事。』四人彼此心照不宣，一同去拜訪術士，尋求隱身之法。術士心想：『這四個婆羅門名揚天下，視眾生如草芥。如今因為求術而屈尊來找我。這些婆羅門才智超群，只是不知道這種低賤的法術。如果我傳授給他們，他們得手后必定會拋棄我，不可能再來屈就。不如先給他們一些藥物使用，讓他們不知道藥物會用盡，到時候一定會再來，永遠把我當老師。』於是，他分別給了四人一顆青色的藥丸，告訴他們說：『你們在安靜的地方用水磨藥，然後塗在眼瞼上，你們的身形就會隱去，沒有人能看見你們。』龍樹在磨藥的時候，聞到藥的氣味，就完全辨識出了藥物的成分，各種成分的比例分毫不差。他回去告訴藥師說，他得到的藥有七十種成分，各種成分的比例都和藥方一樣。藥師問他說：『你是怎麼知道的？』他回答說：『藥物自有氣味，怎麼會不知道呢？』藥師聽后歎服不已，心想：『像這樣的人，即使是聽說也很難得，更何況是相遇。我這低賤的法術又有什麼值得吝惜的呢？』於是，他把隱身之術全部傳授給了他們。四人得到隱身之術後，便縱情享樂，經常出入王宮。宮中的美人都被他們侵犯。一百多天後，宮中有人懷孕了，驚恐地稟告了國王。

【English Translation】 English version: The Biography of Bodhisattva Nāgārjuna

Translated by Tripiṭaka Kumārajīva of the Yao Qin Dynasty

Bodhisattva Nāgārjuna (Nāgārjuna: A prominent Indian Mahayana Buddhist philosopher) was born into a Brahmin (Brahmin: A member of the highest caste in Hinduism, traditionally priests) family in South India (South India: A region encompassing the southern part of India). He was exceptionally intelligent and quick-witted, understanding things after being told only once. Even as an infant, he heard the Brahmins reciting the four Vedas (Vedas: The oldest scriptures of Hinduism), each containing forty thousand verses, with each verse having thirty-two syllables. He could recite these texts and comprehend their meanings. Upon reaching adulthood, his fame spread throughout various countries, surpassing all others. He was proficient in astronomy, geography, divination, secret prophecies, and various Taoist arts (divination, secret prophecies: Refers to ancient Chinese divination and prophetic texts). He and three other friends were outstanding figures of their time. They discussed among themselves, saying, 'We have mastered all the principles in the world that can enlighten the mind and understand profound meanings. What else can we do to amuse ourselves? Indulging in pleasure is the greatest joy in life. However, as Brahmins and Taoists, without the power of kings and nobles, how can we obtain these pleasures? Only the art of invisibility can enable us to achieve these things.' The four of them understood each other perfectly and together sought out a sorcerer to learn the art of invisibility. The sorcerer thought, 'These four Brahmins are famous throughout the world and regard ordinary people as insignificant. Now, they humble themselves to seek my art. These Brahmins are exceptionally talented, but they are ignorant of this lowly magic. If I teach it to them, they will surely abandon me once they have mastered it and will never humble themselves again. It is better to give them some medicine to use first, so that they do not know that the medicine will run out. Then they will surely come back and always regard me as their teacher.' So, he gave each of them a blue pill and told them, 'Grind this medicine with water in a quiet place and apply it to your eyelids. Your form will become invisible, and no one will be able to see you.' When Nāgārjuna was grinding the medicine, he smelled its scent and immediately recognized all the ingredients, with the proportions of each ingredient being exactly correct. He went back and told the pharmacist that the medicine he had received contained seventy ingredients, with the proportions of each ingredient being the same as the prescription. The pharmacist asked him, 'How did you know?' He replied, 'The medicine has its own scent, how could I not know?' The pharmacist was greatly impressed and thought, 'Such a person is rare even to hear about, let alone to meet. What is there to be stingy about with my lowly magic?' So, he taught them the art of invisibility completely. After obtaining the art of invisibility, the four of them indulged in pleasure and frequently entered the royal palace. The beautiful women in the palace were all violated by them. After more than a hundred days, some of the women in the palace became pregnant and reported it to the king in fear.

王庶免罪咎。王大不悅。此何不祥為怪乃爾。召諸智臣以謀此事。有舊老者言。凡如此事應有二種。或是鬼魅或是方術。可以細土置諸門中。令有司守之斷諸行者。若是術人其跡自現。可以兵除。若是鬼魅入而無跡。可以術滅。即敕門者備法試之。見四人跡驟以聞王。王將力士數百人入宮。悉閉諸門。令諸力士揮刀空斬三人即死。唯有龍樹斂身屏氣依王頭側。王頭側七尺刀所不至。是時始悟欲為苦本眾禍之根。敗德危身皆由此起。即自誓曰。我若得脫當詣沙門受出家法。既出入山詣一佛塔出家受戒。九十日中誦三藏盡。更求異經都無得處。遂入雪山山中有塔。塔中有一老比丘。以摩訶衍經典與之。誦受愛樂雖知實義未得通利。周遊諸國更求余經。于閻浮提中遍求不得。外道論師沙門義宗咸皆摧伏。外道弟子白之言。師為一切智人。今為佛弟子。弟子之道咨承不足將未足耶。未足一事非一切智也。辭窮情屈即起邪慢心。自念言。世界法中津涂甚多。佛經雖妙以理推之故有未盡。未盡之中可推而演之。以悟後學于理不違。於事無失斯有何咎。思此事已即欲行之。立師教戒更造衣服。令附佛法而有小異。欲以除眾人情示不受學擇日選時當與。謂弟子受新戒著新衣。獨在靜處水精房中。大龍菩薩見其如是惜而愍之。即接之入海

。于宮殿中開七寶藏。發七寶華函。以諸方等深奧經典無量妙法授之。龍樹受讀九十日中通解甚多。其心深入體得寶利。龍知其心而問之曰。看經遍未。答言。汝諸函中經多無量不可盡也。我可讀者已十倍閻浮提。龍言。如我宮中所有經典。諸處此比復不可數。龍樹既得諸經一相深入無生二忍具足。龍還送出于南天竺。大弘佛法摧伏外道。廣明摩訶衍作優波提舍十萬偈。又作莊嚴佛道論五千偈。大慈方便論五千偈。中論五百偈。令摩訶衍教大行於天竺。又造無畏論十萬偈。中論出其中。時有婆羅門。善知咒術欲以所能與龍樹諍勝。告天竺國王。我能伏此比丘。王當驗之。王言。汝大愚癡。此菩薩者。明與日月爭光智與聖心並照。汝何不遜敢不宗敬。婆羅門言。王為智人何不以理驗之。而見抑挫。王見其言至為請龍樹。清旦共坐政聽殿上。婆羅門后至。便於殿前咒作大池廣長清凈。中有千葉蓮華。自坐其上而夸龍樹。汝在地坐與畜生無異。而欲與我清凈華上大德智人抗言論議。爾時龍樹亦用咒術化作六牙白象。行池水上趣其華座。以鼻絞拔高舉擲地。婆羅門傷腰。委頓歸命龍樹。我不自量毀辱大師。愿哀受我啟其愚蒙。又南天竺王總御諸國信用邪道。沙門釋子一不得見。國人遠近皆化其道。龍樹唸曰。樹不伐本則條不傾

。人主不化則道不行。其國政法王家出錢僱人宿衛。龍樹乃應募為其將。荷戟前驅整行伍勒部曲威不嚴而令行。法不彰而物隨。王甚嘉之。問是何人。侍者答言。此人應募既不食廩又不取錢。而在事恭謹閑習如此。不知其意何求何欲。王召問之。汝是何人。答言。我是一切智人。王大驚愕而問言。一切智人曠代一有。汝自言是何以驗之。答言。欲知智在說王當見問。王即自念。我為智主大論議師問之能屈。猶不是名一旦不如此非小事。若其不問便是一屈。遲疑良久不得已而問之。天今何為耶。龍樹言。天今與阿修羅戰。王聞此言。譬如人噎既不得吐。又不得咽。欲非其言復無以證之。欲是其事無事可明。未言之間。龍樹復言。此非虛論求勝之談。王小待之。須臾有驗言訖。空中便有干戈兵器相系而落。王言。干戈矛戟雖是戰器。汝何必知是天與阿修羅戰。龍樹言。構之虛言不如校以實事。言已阿修羅手足指。及其耳鼻從空而下。又令王及臣民婆羅門眾見空中清除兩陣相對。王乃稽首伏其法化。殿上有萬婆羅門。皆棄束髮受成就戒。是時有一小乘法師。常懷忿疾。龍樹將去此世。而問之曰。汝樂我久住此世不。答言。實所不願也。退入閑室經日不出。弟子破戶看之。遂蟬蛻而去。去此世已來至今。始過百歲。南天竺諸國

為其立廟敬奉如佛。其母樹下生之。因字阿周陀那。阿周陀那樹名也。以龍成其道。故以龍配字。號曰龍樹也(依付法藏傳。即第十三祖師也。假餌仙藥現住長壽二百餘年。住持佛法。其所度人不可稱數。如法藏說)。

龍樹菩薩傳

【現代漢語翻譯】現代漢語譯本：為他建立廟宇，像敬奉佛陀一樣敬奉他。他在他母親所處的樹下出生，因此取名為阿周陀那（Ajuta，樹名）。因為他憑藉龍的力量成就了他的道業，所以用『龍』字來配合他的名字，號稱龍樹（Nagarjuna）。（依據《付法藏傳》記載，他就是第十三祖師。他憑藉仙藥而長壽，現今仍然住世，已經有兩百多年了。他住持佛法，所度化的人數不可勝數，正如《法藏傳》所說。）

《龍樹菩薩傳》

【English Translation】 English version: Temples were erected for him, and he was revered as a Buddha. He was born under the tree where his mother was. Therefore, he was named Ajuta (Ajuta, name of a tree). Because he attained his path through the power of the dragon, the word 'dragon' was added to his name, and he was called Nagarjuna (Nagarjuna). (According to the Fu Fa Zang Zhuan (Record of the Transmission of the Dharma Treasury), he is the thirteenth patriarch. He attained longevity through elixirs and is still living in the world for more than two hundred years. He upholds the Buddha-dharma, and the number of people he has saved is countless, as the Fa Zang Zhuan says.)

The Biography of Nagarjuna Bodhisattva