T51n2091_燉煌錄
大正藏第 51 冊 No. 2091 燉煌錄
No. 2091
燉煌錄
效谷城本是漁澤。漢孝帝時。崔不意教人力田得谷。因名。后為縣。貳師泉去沙城東三程。漢時李廣利軍行渴乏。祝山神以劍劄山。因之水下。流向西數十里黃章泊。後有將。渴甚飲水。泉側而終。水遂不流。祇及平地。後來若人多即水多。若人少即水少。若郡眾大啖水則猛下。至今如然。其二師廟在路傍。久廢。但有積石。駝馬行人祈福之所。次東入瓜州界。州南有莫高窟。去州二十五里。中過石磧。帶山坡至彼。斗下谷中。其東即三危山。西即鳴沙山。中有自南流水。名之宕泉。古寺僧舍絕多。亦有洪鐘。其谷南北兩頭有天王堂及神祠。壁畫吐蕃贊普部從。其山西壁南北二里。並是鐫鑿高大沙窟。塑畫佛像。每窟動計費稅百萬。前設樓閣數層。有大像堂殿。其像長一百六十尺。其小龕無數。悉有虛檻通。連巡禮遊覽之景。次南山有觀音菩薩會現之處。郡人每詣彼。必徒行來往。其恭敬如是。鳴沙山去州十里。其山東西八十里。南北四十里。高處五百尺。悉純沙聚起。此山神異。峰如削成。其間有井。沙不能蔽。盛夏自鳴。人馬踐之聲振數十里。風俗端午日。城中子女皆躋高峰。一齊蹙下。其沙聲吼如雷。至曉
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本
《燉煌錄》
效谷城原本是漁獵之地。漢孝帝時期，崔不意教導人們耕田種植穀物，因此得名。後來成為縣。貳師泉距離沙城東面三程路。漢朝時李廣利軍隊行軍，乾渴疲乏，向山神祈禱，用劍刺山，因此水流出。向西流淌數十里到黃章泊。後來有將領，非常乾渴飲用泉水，在泉邊去世。水於是不再流動，只到達平地。後來如果人多水就多，如果人少水就少。如果郡中眾人大量飲水，水則猛烈下降。至今仍然這樣。其貳師廟在路旁，已經荒廢很久。只有堆積的石頭，是駱駝和行人祈福的地方。再往東進入瓜州境內。瓜州南面有莫高窟（Mogao Caves，位於敦煌的佛教石窟）。距離瓜州二十五里。中間經過石磧，沿著山坡到達那裡，進入谷中。其東面是三危山（Sanwei Mountain），西面是鳴沙山（Mingsha Mountain）。中間有從南向北流的水，叫做宕泉（Dangquan River）。古寺僧舍非常多，也有洪鐘。其谷南北兩頭有天王堂和神祠，壁畫上有吐蕃贊普（Tubet Emperor）的部從。其山西壁南北二里，都是雕鑿高大的沙窟，塑造繪畫佛像。每個窟動輒花費百萬稅錢。前面設定樓閣數層，有大型佛像堂殿。其佛像高一百六十尺。其小龕無數，都有虛設的欄桿相通，是巡禮遊覽的景觀。再往南山有觀音菩薩（Avalokiteśvara）顯現的地方。郡里的人每次去那裡，必定徒步行走。他們的恭敬就是這樣。鳴沙山距離瓜州十里。其山東西八十里，南北四十里，高處五百尺。都是純粹的沙子堆積而成。此山非常神奇，山峰像刀削一樣。其間有井，沙子不能掩蓋。盛夏時節會發出聲音，人馬踩上去聲音震動數十里。風俗是端午節這天，城中的女子都登上高峰，一起滑下來。其沙子的聲音像雷鳴一樣，直到天亮。
【English Translation】 English version
Dunhuang Records
Xiaogucheng was originally a fishing and hunting ground. During the reign of Emperor Xiao of the Han Dynasty, Cui Buyi taught people to cultivate fields and grow grains, hence the name. Later it became a county. Ershi Spring is three stages east of Shacheng. During the Han Dynasty, Li Guangli's army was thirsty and exhausted, prayed to the mountain god, and stabbed the mountain with a sword, so water flowed out. It flowed westward for dozens of miles to Huangzhangbo. Later, a general, very thirsty, drank the spring water and died by the spring. The water then stopped flowing, only reaching the flat ground. Later, if there are many people, there is much water, if there are few people, there is little water. If the people in the prefecture drink a lot of water, the water will drop sharply. It is still like this today. The Ershi Temple is on the roadside and has been abandoned for a long time. There are only piles of stones, which are places for camels and pedestrians to pray for blessings. Further east enters the boundary of Guazhou. South of Guazhou is the Mogao Caves (Mogao Caves, Buddhist caves located in Dunhuang). It is twenty-five li from Guazhou. In the middle, pass through the Shiqi, and reach there along the hillside, entering the valley. To its east is Sanwei Mountain (Sanwei Mountain), and to its west is Mingsha Mountain (Mingsha Mountain). In the middle, there is water flowing from south to north, called Dangquan River (Dangquan River). There are many ancient temples and monks' residences, and there are also large bells. At the north and south ends of the valley are Tianwang Hall and shrines, with murals of the Tubet Emperor's (Tubet Emperor) entourage. The west wall of the mountain is two li from north to south, and all are carved with tall sand caves, sculpting and painting Buddha statues. Each cave costs millions of tax money. In front, there are several layers of pavilions and large Buddha statue halls. The Buddha statue is one hundred and sixty feet tall. There are countless small niches, all with virtual railings connected, which are scenes for pilgrimage and sightseeing. Further south, there is a place where Avalokiteśvara (Avalokiteśvara) appears. The people in the prefecture always walk there on foot. Their respect is like this. Mingsha Mountain is ten li from Guazhou. The mountain is eighty li from east to west, forty li from north to south, and five hundred feet high. They are all pure sand accumulations. This mountain is very magical, and the peaks are like being cut by a knife. There is a well in between, and the sand cannot cover it. In midsummer, it makes a sound, and the sound of people and horses stepping on it vibrates for dozens of miles. The custom is that on the Dragon Boat Festival, the women in the city climb to the peak and slide down together. The sound of the sand is like thunder until dawn.
看之。峭崿如舊。古號鳴沙。神沙而祠焉。近南有甘泉。自沙山南。其上源出大雪山。于西南壽昌縣界入燉煌。以其沃潤之功俗號甘泉。
金鞍山在沙山西南。經夏常有雪。山中有神祠。甚靈。人不敢近。每歲土主望祀獻駿馬。驅入山中。稍近立致雷電風雹之患。州西南有李先王廟。即西涼昭王先世之廟。干封年。廟側得瑞石。其色翠碧。有赤文古字云。卜世三十。卜年七百。今人呼為李廟。
州西有陽關。即故玉門關。因沙州刺史陽明詔追拒命奔出此關。後人呼為陽關。接鄯善城。險阻乏水草。不通人行。其關后移州東。城西八十五里。有玉女泉。人傳頗有虛。每歲此郡率童男女各一人。充祭湫神。年則順成。不爾損苗。父母雖苦生離兒女。為神所錄。歡然攜手而沒神龍中。刺史張孝嵩下車求。郡人告之。大守怒曰。豈有川源妖怪害我生靈。遂設壇備性泉側曰。愿見本身。欲親享。神乃化為一龍從水而出。太守應弦中喉。拔劍斬首。親詣闕進上。玄宗嘉稱再三。遂賜龍舌。敕號龍舌。張氏編在簡書。郡城西北一里有寺。古木陰森。中有小堡。上設廊殿。具體而徴。先有沙倅張球。已邁從心。寓止於此。雖非博學。亦甚苦心。蓋經亂年多。習業人少。遂集後進。以闡大猷。天不愍遺。民受其賜。
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 看那鳴沙山，山勢陡峭如舊。古時稱之為鳴沙山，人們視其為神聖之地並在此祭祀。靠近鳴沙山南邊有甘泉，從沙山南邊流出。它的源頭出自大雪山，在西南方的壽昌縣境內流入敦煌。因為甘泉有滋潤萬物之功，所以當地人稱之為甘泉。
金鞍山在鳴沙山的西南方，即使在夏天也經常有積雪。山中有一座神祠，非常靈驗。人們不敢靠近。每年當地的土官都會祭祀山神，獻上駿馬，然後將馬驅趕入山中。如果有人稍微靠近，就會立刻遭受雷電風雹的災害。瓜州西南方有李先王廟，是西涼昭王先世的廟宇。在干封年間，廟宇旁邊發現了一塊瑞石，顏色翠綠碧透，上面有紅色的古代文字，寫著『卜世三十，卜年七百』。現在人們稱之為李廟。
瓜州西邊有陽關，也就是過去的玉門關。因為沙州刺史陽明詔追捕不服命令逃出關外的人，所以後人稱之為陽關。陽關連線著鄯善城，地勢險峻，缺乏水草，不適合人行走。後來陽關被移到了瓜州東邊，在城西八十五里的地方。那裡有玉女泉，人們傳說有很多虛假之處。每年瓜州都要挑選童男童女各一人，用來祭祀湫神。如果當年順利，就會五穀豐登。否則，莊稼就會受損。父母雖然痛苦地與兒女分離，但認為兒女被神靈所選中，所以歡快地手牽著手沉入神龍中。刺史張孝嵩上任后，詢問此事。當地人告訴了他。太守憤怒地說：『難道有川源妖怪危害我的百姓？』於是設立祭壇，準備好祭品在泉邊說：『希望見到神靈的真身，我想親自祭享。』神靈就化為一條龍從水中出來。太守拉弓射中了龍的喉嚨，拔劍砍下了龍的頭，親自送到朝廷進獻。玄宗皇帝非常讚賞，賜予龍舌，並敕封為龍舌。張孝嵩的事蹟被記錄在史書上。瓜州城西北一里處有一座寺廟，古木陰森。寺廟中有一個小堡，上面設有廊殿，具體而微。先前有沙州判官張球，已經到了隨心所欲的年紀，居住在這裡。雖然不是博學之士，但也非常用心。因為經過多年戰亂，學習的人很少，於是聚集後進之士，來闡揚大道。上天沒有憐憫遺民，百姓因此受到恩惠。
【English Translation】 English version Look at the Mingsha Mountain (Singing Sands Mountain), its steep cliffs remain as before. In ancient times, it was called Mingsha (Singing Sands), and people regarded it as a sacred place and worshiped it here. Near the south of Mingsha Mountain is Ganquan (Sweet Spring), flowing from the south of the sand mountain. Its source originates from the Daxue Mountain (Great Snow Mountain), and it enters Dunhuang within the boundary of Shouchang County in the southwest. Because Ganquan (Sweet Spring) has the merit of nourishing all things, the locals call it Ganquan (Sweet Spring).
Jin'an Mountain (Golden Saddle Mountain) is located southwest of Mingsha Mountain. Even in summer, it often has snow. There is a shrine in the mountain, which is very efficacious. People dare not approach it. Every year, the local chieftain would worship the mountain god, offering fine horses, and then drive the horses into the mountain. If anyone gets a little closer, they will immediately suffer from disasters of thunder, lightning, wind, and hail. Southwest of Guazhou (Melon Prefecture) is the Li Xianwang Temple (Temple of the Former King Li), which is the ancestral temple of the Xianwang (Former King) of the Xiliang (Western Liang) Zhao Dynasty. During the Qianfeng era, a auspicious stone was found next to the temple, its color was emerald green and clear, with red ancient characters on it, which read 'Predict thirty generations, predict seven hundred years.' Now people call it Li Temple.
West of Guazhou (Melon Prefecture) is Yangguan (Yang Pass), which is the old Yumen Pass (Jade Gate Pass). Because Yang Mingzhao, the prefect of Shazhou (Sand Prefecture), pursued and resisted those who disobeyed orders and fled out of this pass, later generations called it Yangguan (Yang Pass). Yangguan (Yang Pass) is connected to Shanshan City, the terrain is dangerous, and there is a lack of water and grass, which is not suitable for people to walk. Later, Yangguan (Yang Pass) was moved to the east of Guazhou (Melon Prefecture), eighty-five miles west of the city. There is Yunu Spring (Jade Maiden Spring) there, and people say that there are many falsehoods. Every year, Guazhou (Melon Prefecture) has to select one boy and one girl to worship the Qiu God (Pond God). If the year goes smoothly, there will be a good harvest. Otherwise, the crops will be damaged. Although the parents painfully separate from their children, they believe that their children have been selected by the gods, so they happily hold hands and sink into the Shenlong (Divine Dragon). After the prefect Zhang Xiaosong took office, he inquired about this matter. The locals told him. The governor said angrily: 'How can there be river monsters harming my people?' So he set up an altar and prepared sacrifices by the spring, saying: 'I hope to see the true form of the god, I want to personally offer sacrifices.' The god transformed into a dragon and came out of the water. The governor drew his bow and shot the dragon's throat, drew his sword and cut off the dragon's head, and personally sent it to the court for presentation. Emperor Xuanzong greatly appreciated it, bestowed the dragon's tongue, and named it Dragon Tongue. Zhang Xiaosong's deeds were recorded in the history books. One mile northwest of Guazhou (Melon Prefecture) city is a temple, with ancient trees and shady. There is a small fort in the temple, with corridors and halls set up on it, specific and subtle. Previously, there was a Shazhou (Sand Prefecture) judge, Zhang Qiu, who had reached the age of doing as he pleased, and lived here. Although he was not a learned man, he was also very attentive. Because after many years of war, few people studied, so he gathered later scholars to promote the great way. Heaven did not pity the survivors, and the people benefited from it.
石膏山在州北二百五十六里。烏山烽山石間出其膏。開皇十九年。烏山變白。中驗不虛遣道士皇甫德琮等七人。祭醮。自後望如雪峰。
河倉城州西北二百三十里。古時軍儲在彼。長城在州北。其城六十三里。正西入磧。前漢所卜置。北入伊州界。
燉煌錄一卷
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 石膏山在州北二百五十六里。（石膏山：位於州城以北二百五十六里的山）烏山、烽山之間，石頭縫隙里出產石膏。（烏山、烽山：兩座山名）開皇十九年，烏山變成白色，後來驗證確實如此，於是派遣道士皇甫德琮等七人，前去祭祀祈禱。（開皇：隋文帝年號；皇甫德琮：道士名）自那以後，遠遠望去就像雪峰一樣。 河倉城在州西北二百三十里。（河倉城：位於州城西北二百三十里的城）古時候是軍隊儲存物資的地方。長城在州的北面，城墻長六十三里，正西方向進入沙漠，是前漢時期選擇並設定的，北面進入伊州境內。（伊州：州名） 《燉煌錄》一卷
【English Translation】 English version Mount Shi Gao is located 256 li north of the prefecture. (Mount Shi Gao: A mountain located 256 li north of the prefecture) Gypsum is produced between Mount Wu and Mount Feng, emerging from the gaps in the rocks. (Mount Wu, Mount Feng: Names of two mountains) In the nineteenth year of the Kaihuang era, Mount Wu turned white. (Kaihuang: Reign era of Emperor Wen of Sui) Later verification proved this to be true, so seven Taoist priests, including Huangfu Decong, were sent to perform sacrifices and prayers. (Huangfu Decong: Name of a Taoist priest) From then on, it looked like a snow-covered peak from a distance. He Cang City is located 230 li northwest of the prefecture. (He Cang City: A city located 230 li northwest of the prefecture) In ancient times, it was where the military stored supplies. The Great Wall is located north of the prefecture, with a length of 63 li. It enters the desert directly to the west, and was selected and established during the Former Han dynasty. It enters the territory of Yizhou to the north. (Yizhou: Name of a prefecture) Dunhuang Records, one volume.