X88n1668_西藏剌麻溯源
卍新續藏第 88 冊 No. 1668 西藏剌麻溯源
No. 1668
摘錄聖武記之卷五溯查西藏剌麻來源
吳中沙門 守一 編輯
按西藏。在於甘肅嘉峪關外。繞東之南。有祁連山。山之南有蒙古之青海。青海之西南。即藏之東北界。四川雅州之西。松潘廳之打箭爐。出塞千數百里。即藏之東界。為官長往來之正驛。此官站之大道也。前後兩藏。東西六千餘里。南北三千餘里。距京師一萬四千餘裡。藏之西北界大戈璧。東南界雲南金沙江。南界緬甸。西南界廓爾噶國。
自漢唐即有烏斯藏。即今西藏。名異地同。藏之西南界外。為廓爾喀國。廓爾喀之西。即為東印度國。東印度之西。乃中印度。即古佛國也。
剌麻者。乃西域之尊稱。譯華言為無上二字。比中國之稱和尚。為力生二字也。
自唐太宗時。文成公主。下嫁與烏斯藏汗。贊普為妃。專尚佛教。興建大塔寺廟數百坐。延請印度高行剌麻到藏焚修教化。歷宋元明清。均有高行剌麻。故元世祖封剌麻八思巴為帝師。大寶法王。後嗣世襲其號。為紅教之宗。
至明永樂成祖。封剌麻哈立麻。為大寶法王。西天大善自在佛。其徒三人皆封國師。又封大乘法王。大德法王。又封闡化 闡教 輔教
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 卍新續藏第 88 冊 No. 1668 剌麻溯源
No. 1668
摘錄聖武記之卷五溯查剌麻來源
吳中沙門 守一 編輯
按**：在於甘肅嘉峪關外。繞東之南。有祁連山。山之南有蒙古之青海。青海之西南。即藏之東北界。四川雅州之西。松潘廳之打箭爐。出塞千數百里。即藏之東界。為官長往來之正驛。此官站之大道也。前後兩藏。東西六千餘里。南北三千餘里。距京師一萬四千餘裡。藏之西北界大戈壁。東南界雲南金沙江。南界緬甸。西南界廓爾噶國。
自漢唐即有烏斯藏（的古稱）。即今**。名異地同。藏之西南界外。為廓爾喀國。廓爾喀之西。即為東印度國。東印度之西。乃中印度。即古佛國也。
剌麻（西域對僧侶的尊稱）者。乃西域之尊稱。譯華言為『無上』二字。比中國之稱和尚。為『力生』二字也。
自唐太宗（626年-649年）時。文成公主。下嫁與烏斯藏汗。贊普為妃。專尚佛教。興建大塔寺廟數百坐。延請印度高行剌麻到藏焚修教化。歷宋、元、明、清。均有高行剌麻。故元世祖（1271年-1294年）封剌麻八思巴為帝師。大寶法王。後嗣世襲其號。為紅教之宗。
至明永樂成祖（1402年-1424年）。封剌麻哈立麻。為大寶法王。西天大善自在佛。其徒三人皆封國師。又封大乘法王。大德法王。又封闡化 闡教 輔教 English version 卍 New Continued Canon, Volume 88, No. 1668 Tracing the Origins of Lamas
No. 1668
Excerpt from Volume 5 of the 'Sacred Military Records,' tracing the origins of Lamas
Compiled by Shramana Shouyi from Wuzhong
According to**: Located outside Jiayuguan in Gansu, south of Raodong, there is the Qilian Mountain. South of the mountain is the Mongolian Qinghai. Southwest of Qinghai is the northeastern border of Tibet. West of Yazhou in Sichuan, and Dajianlu in Songpan Prefecture, thousands of miles beyond the border, is the eastern border of Tibet, the main post for officials traveling back and forth. This is the main road for official stations. The two Tibet regions, front and back, span over six thousand li from east to west and three thousand li from north to south, and are more than fourteen thousand li away from the capital. The northwestern border of Tibet is the Great Gobi Desert, the southeastern border is the Jinsha River in Yunnan, the southern border is Burma, and the southwestern border is the Gurkha Kingdom.
Since the Han and Tang dynasties, there has been Ü-Tsang (ancient name for Tibet), which is now Tibet. The name is different, but the place is the same. Outside the southwestern border of Tibet is the Gurkha Kingdom. West of Gurkha is the East Indian Kingdom. West of East India is Central India, which is the ancient Buddhist country.
Lama (honorific title for monks in the Western Regions) is a respectful term from the Western Regions, translated into Chinese as 'unsurpassed.' It is comparable to the Chinese term 'heshang' (monk), which means 'strength-generating.'
During the time of Emperor Taizong of Tang (626-649 AD), Princess Wencheng married the Khan of Ü-Tsang, Zanpu, as his consort, and devoted herself to Buddhism. She built hundreds of large pagodas and temples, and invited eminent Indian Lamas to Tibet for cultivation and teaching. Throughout the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, there were eminent Lamas. Therefore, Emperor Shizu of Yuan (1271-1294 AD) bestowed the title of Imperial Preceptor upon Lama Phagpa, the Great Treasure Dharma King. His descendants inherited the title, becoming the head of the Red Sect.
During the reign of Emperor Yongle of Ming (1402-1424 AD), Lama Halima was bestowed the title of Great Treasure Dharma King, the Great Self-Existing Buddha of the Western Heaven. Three of his disciples were all granted the title of National Preceptor. Furthermore, the titles of Mahayana Dharma King and Great Virtue Dharma King were bestowed, as well as the titles of Propagating Transformation, Propagating Teaching, and Assisting Teaching.
【English Translation】 卍 New Continued Canon, Volume 88, No. 1668 Tracing the Origins of Lamas
No. 1668
Excerpt from Volume 5 of the 'Sacred Military Records,' tracing the origins of Lamas
Compiled by Shramana Shouyi from Wuzhong
According to**: Located outside Jiayuguan in Gansu, south of Raodong, there is the Qilian Mountain. South of the mountain is the Mongolian Qinghai. Southwest of Qinghai is the northeastern border of Tibet. West of Yazhou in Sichuan, and Dajianlu in Songpan Prefecture, thousands of miles beyond the border, is the eastern border of Tibet, the main post for officials traveling back and forth. This is the main road for official stations. The two Tibet regions, front and back, span over six thousand li from east to west and three thousand li from north to south, and are more than fourteen thousand li away from the capital. The northwestern border of Tibet is the Great Gobi Desert, the southeastern border is the Jinsha River in Yunnan, the southern border is Burma, and the southwestern border is the Gurkha Kingdom.
Since the Han and Tang dynasties, there has been Ü-Tsang (ancient name for Tibet), which is now Tibet. The name is different, but the place is the same. Outside the southwestern border of Tibet is the Gurkha Kingdom. West of Gurkha is the East Indian Kingdom. West of East India is Central India, which is the ancient Buddhist country.
Lama (honorific title for monks in the Western Regions) is a respectful term from the Western Regions, translated into Chinese as 'unsurpassed.' It is comparable to the Chinese term 'heshang' (monk), which means 'strength-generating.'
During the time of Emperor Taizong of Tang (626-649 AD), Princess Wencheng married the Khan of Ü-Tsang, Zanpu, as his consort, and devoted herself to Buddhism. She built hundreds of large pagodas and temples, and invited eminent Indian Lamas to Tibet for cultivation and teaching. Throughout the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, there were eminent Lamas. Therefore, Emperor Shizu of Yuan (1271-1294 AD) bestowed the title of Imperial Preceptor upon Lama Phagpa, the Great Treasure Dharma King. His descendants inherited the title, becoming the head of the Red Sect.
During the reign of Emperor Yongle of Ming (1402-1424 AD), Lama Halima was bestowed the title of Great Treasure Dharma King, the Great Self-Existing Buddha of the Western Heaven. Three of his disciples were all granted the title of National Preceptor. Furthermore, the titles of Mahayana Dharma King and Great Virtue Dharma King were bestowed, as well as the titles of Propagating Transformation, Propagating Teaching, and Assisting Teaching.
護教 贊善五法王。又授西天佛子者(二)。灌頂大國師者(九)。灌頂國師者(十八)。法王等命終。其徒輒自相承襲。漸后變為旁門。爭名奪地。而諸法王之後。先娶妻生子。再落髮為剌麻。候前剌麻命終。則其子頂替。私襲其位。與所娶之妻。每逢朔望相見。餘日則不相會。雖戒再淫之說。未知能恪遵否。而剌麻自印度來藏。身搭紅衣。故名紅教。后紅教繁盛。又分花帽紅帽者。名目甚多。
黃教者。自永樂十五年間。有青海之西寧衛。生一人名宗喀巴者為剌麻。先入藏投紅教。授經持咒。見該教之人。均煉神通。專事吞刀吐火。炫奇惑眾。不修戒定慧之正道。故舍去而入藏內甘丹寺。習定得道該寺。至成化十四年示寂。宗喀巴初修道時。即改其衣冠為黃色。不屑同於紅教之人。宗喀巴臨終。遺囑二大弟子。世世以呼畢勒罕。應身轉世。不迷本性。能知夙世。還來為坐床掌教之師。二大弟子者。一名達賴。一名班禪。至乾隆中已第六次轉生矣。
又有第一世達賴之大弟子。名哲卜尊丹巴者。一支住持蒙古庫倫。亦能仿達賴班禪。以呼畢勒罕。不迷本性。世世轉生者。
康熙中。又有第五世達賴之弟子。名章佳呼土克圖者。為雍正時國師大剌麻。亦能以呼畢勒罕。不迷本性。轉世再來。常住
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 護教贊善五法王。又授予西天佛子（指來自西天的佛家弟子）者二人，灌頂大國師（指經過灌頂儀式的大國師）者九人，灌頂國師（指經過灌頂儀式的國師）者十八人。這些法王等圓寂后，他們的徒弟就互相承襲，逐漸地變成了旁門左道，爭奪名利和地盤。而且這些法王之後，先娶妻生子，然後再剃度出家當喇嘛，等之前的喇嘛圓寂后，就讓自己的兒子頂替，私自繼承其位。與所娶的妻子，每逢初一、十五相見，其餘時間則不相會。雖然有禁止再次淫慾的說法，但不知道能否嚴格遵守。而喇嘛從印度來到西藏，身上穿著紅色的衣服，所以叫做紅教。後來紅教繁盛，又分出花帽、紅帽等，名目繁多。
黃教，從永樂十五年（1417年）間，青海西寧衛，出生了一個名叫宗喀巴的人，當了喇嘛。先進入西藏投靠紅教，學習經文和持咒。看到該教的人，都修煉神通，專門從事吞刀吐火，炫耀奇異之術迷惑眾人，不修戒、定、慧的正道，所以捨棄紅教而進入西藏甘丹寺，習禪定而得道。在成化十四年（1478年）圓寂。宗喀巴最初修道的時候，就改變了衣冠為黃色，不屑於與紅教的人相同。宗喀巴臨終時，遺囑兩個大弟子，世世代代以呼畢勒罕（轉世靈童）的方式，應身轉世，不迷失本性，能夠知道前世的事情，還回來做坐床掌教的師父。兩個大弟子，一個叫**，一個叫班禪。到乾隆年間已經第六次轉世了。
還有第一世的大弟子，名叫哲卜尊丹巴，一支住在蒙古庫倫，也能效仿、班禪，以呼畢勒罕（轉世靈童）的方式，不迷失本性，世世代代轉生。
康熙年間，又有第五世的弟子，名叫章佳呼土克圖，為雍正時的國師大喇嘛，也能以呼畢勒罕（轉世靈童）的方式，不迷失本性，轉世再來，常住。
【English Translation】 English version 'Protector of the Doctrine, Praising Goodness, Five Dharma Kings'. Also bestowed upon two 'Buddha Sons of the Western Heaven' (referring to Buddhist disciples from the Western Heaven), nine 'Initiated Great National Preceptors' (referring to great national preceptors who have undergone the initiation ceremony), and eighteen 'Initiated National Preceptors' (referring to national preceptors who have undergone the initiation ceremony). After these Dharma Kings and others passed away, their disciples would inherit their positions from each other, gradually transforming into heterodox sects, vying for fame, profit, and territory. Moreover, the descendants of these Dharma Kings would first marry and have children, and then become monks (Lamas) after tonsure. When the previous Lama passed away, their sons would replace them, privately inheriting their positions. They would meet with their wives on the first and fifteenth days of each month, and would not meet on other days. Although there was a saying against committing adultery again, it is unknown whether they could strictly abide by it. The Lamas came to Tibet from India, wearing red robes, hence the name 'Red Sect'. Later, the Red Sect flourished and further divided into 'Flower Hat' and 'Red Hat' sects, with numerous categories.
The 'Yellow Sect' originated in the fifteenth year of Yongle (1417), when a man named Tsongkhapa was born in Xining Guard of Qinghai and became a Lama. He first entered Tibet and joined the Red Sect, studying scriptures and chanting mantras. Seeing that the people of that sect all practiced supernatural powers, specializing in swallowing knives and spitting fire, flaunting strange arts to deceive the masses, and not cultivating the correct path of morality, concentration, and wisdom, he abandoned the Red Sect and entered Ganden Monastery in Tibet, where he attained enlightenment through meditation. He passed away in the fourteenth year of Chenghua (1478). When Tsongkhapa first began his practice, he changed his attire to yellow, disdaining to be the same as the people of the Red Sect. On his deathbed, Tsongkhapa instructed his two great disciples to be reborn in every generation as 'Hutuktu' (Living Buddha), reincarnating without losing their original nature, able to know their past lives, and returning to be the master who presides over the enthronement ceremony. The two great disciples were named ** and Panchen. By the Qianlong era, they had already reincarnated for the sixth time.
There was also a great disciple of the first **, named Jebtsundamba, who resided in Kulun, Mongolia. He could also imitate ** and Panchen, reincarnating in every generation as 'Hutuktu' (Living Buddha) without losing his original nature.
During the Kangxi era, there was also a disciple of the fifth , named Changkya Khutukhtu, who was the Great Lama and National Preceptor during the Yongzheng era. He could also reincarnate as 'Hutuktu' (Living Buddha) without losing his original nature, and resided permanently in .
京都口外。
大清太宗崇德七年。延請第四世達賴剌麻至盛京。稱為金剛大士。還住藏中。順治初遣使迓達賴。九年至京師。封西天大善自在佛。領天下釋教。又封為普通鄂濟大剌麻。
達賴班禪。分主前後兩藏。乾隆時理藩院造冊。至第六世達賴。所轄寺廟。計有三千一百五十餘所。共計剌麻三十萬二千五百有奇 班禪所轄寺廟三百二十七所。共計剌麻一萬三千七百有奇。
布魯特二部紅教。亦有寺廟一百二十。剌麻二萬五千。紅黃二教。共計現有剌麻三十四萬一千二百有奇。可謂盛之極矣。
其他剌麻學道。能明心見性。由達賴班禪證明。方能稱呼土克圖。能不迷本性。轉世再來。方稱呼畢勒罕。
綜計剌麻之能。以神識轉生於世。出呼畢勒罕。入理藩院冊者。西藏稱呼土克圖者十八人。稱沙布隆十有二。漠北蒙古十有九。漠南蒙古五十有七。青海番地三十有五。四川察木多番地五。駐京呼土克圖十四。共計呼畢勒罕一百六十。其能得呼土克圖。方可管轄番民。如同土司。僧多於民。不設官吏。君並於師。介於出家在家之間。其秩有國師。禪師。及大剌麻。扎薩克等。分住各番。及蒙古部落。皆受達賴班禪。頒領贈秩。其兵刑稅賦。則有剌麻為第巴。有噶布倫。有戴琫。有堪布。
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本 京都郊外。
大清太宗崇德七年（1642年），延請第四世剌麻（喇嘛）至盛京，稱為金剛大士，之後返回藏地居住。順治初年派遣使者迎接，順治九年（1652年）到達京師，被封為西天大善自在佛，統領天下釋教，又封為普通鄂濟大剌麻（喇嘛）。
班禪（班禪喇嘛）分別主管前後藏。乾隆年間，理藩院進行造冊登記。至第六世（班禪喇嘛），所轄寺廟共有三千一百五十餘所，喇嘛總計三十萬二千五百多人。班禪（班禪喇嘛）所轄寺廟三百二十七所，喇嘛總計一萬三千七百多人。
布魯特二部的紅教，也有寺廟一百二十所，喇嘛二萬五千人。紅教和黃教，總計現有喇嘛三十四萬一千二百多人，可謂盛極一時。
其他喇嘛學道，能夠明心見性，由**班禪（班禪喇嘛）證明，才能稱呼為土克圖（呼圖克圖）。能夠不迷失本性，轉世再來，才稱呼為畢勒罕（呼畢勒罕）。
總計喇嘛之中，以神識轉生於世，被稱作呼畢勒罕（轉世靈童），並被理藩院登記在冊的，（達賴喇嘛）稱呼為土克圖（呼圖克圖）的有十八人，稱沙布隆的有十二人，漠北蒙古有十九人，漠南蒙古有五十七人，青海番地有三十五人，四川察木多番地有五人，駐京呼土克圖（呼圖克圖）有十四人，總計呼畢勒罕（轉世靈童）一百六十人。能夠得到呼圖克圖（呼圖克圖）稱號的，才可以管轄番民，如同土司。僧侶多於百姓，不設立官吏，君主和上師合一，介於出家和在家之間。他們的職級有國師、禪師以及大喇嘛、扎薩克等，分別居住在各番地和蒙古部落，都接受班禪（達賴喇嘛和班禪喇嘛）的頒領和贈予官職。其兵刑稅賦，則有喇嘛擔任第巴（管理行政的僧官），有噶布倫（大臣），有戴琫（掌管軍事的官員），有堪布（寺院住持）。
【English Translation】 English version Outside Kyoto.
In the seventh year of Emperor Taizong Chongde of the Great Qing Dynasty (1642 AD), the Fourth **Lama (Dalai Lama) was invited to Shengjing and was called Vajra Great Scholar. He later returned to reside in Tibet. In the early years of the Shunzhi reign, envoys were sent to welcome ** (Dalai Lama). In the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652 AD), he arrived in the capital and was conferred the title of Great Benevolent Self-Sufficient Buddha of the Western Heaven, leading all Buddhist teachings under heaven. He was also conferred the title of Ordinary Oje Great Lama.
The **Panchen (Panchen Lama) separately governs the front and rear parts of Tibet. During the Qianlong era, the Court of Colonial Affairs created a register. By the time of the Sixth ** (Panchen Lama), the temples under his jurisdiction numbered over three thousand one hundred and fifty, with a total of over three hundred and two thousand five hundred lamas. The Panchen (Panchen Lama) had jurisdiction over three hundred and twenty-seven temples, with a total of over thirteen thousand seven hundred lamas.
The two Brute tribes of the Red Sect also have one hundred and twenty temples, with twenty-five thousand lamas. The Red and Yellow Sects together currently have over three hundred and forty-one thousand two hundred lamas, which can be described as extremely prosperous.
Other lamas who study the Way, if they can understand their minds and see their nature, and are certified by the **Panchen (Panchen Lama), can be called Tuktu (Hutuktu). Only those who do not lose their original nature and are reborn can be called Bilikhan (Hubilgan).
In summary, among the lamas, those who are reborn into the world with their divine consciousness and are called Hubilgan (reincarnated lamas), and are registered with the Court of Colonial Affairs, the ** (Dalai Lama) calls Tuktu (Hutuktu) number eighteen people, those called Shablung number twelve, those from Northern Mongolia number nineteen, those from Southern Mongolia number fifty-seven, those from Qinghai Tibetan areas number thirty-five, those from Chamdo Tibetan area in Sichuan number five, and those stationed in Beijing called Hutuktu number fourteen, for a total of one hundred and sixty Hubilgan. Only those who can obtain the title of Hutuktu can govern the Tibetan people, like Tusi (local chieftains). There are more monks than civilians, and no officials are established. The ruler and the teacher are one, existing between being a monk and being a layman. Their ranks include National Preceptor, Zen Master, Great Lama, and Jasak, etc., who reside in various Tibetan areas and Mongolian tribes, all receiving appointments and titles from the **Panchen (Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama). The military, penal, tax, and tribute matters are handled by lamas who serve as Depa (administrative monks), Gablun (ministers), Daipen (military officers), and Khenpo (abbots).
有商上等職。掌司其事。
嘉慶八年第八世呼畢勒罕。轉身之達賴剌麻。靈徴眾著。由駐藏大臣奏聞。請旨坐床掌教。至今又數轉矣。
【現代漢語翻譯】 現代漢語譯本：有商上等職位的人，負責掌管此事。
嘉慶八年（1803年），第八世呼畢勒罕（轉世的喇嘛），顯現出眾多靈異的徵兆，由駐藏大臣上奏朝廷，請求下旨讓他坐床掌教。至今已經轉世多次了。
【English Translation】 English version: There are people of the Shang superior rank who are in charge of this matter.
In the eighth year of the Jiaqing reign (1803), the eighth Hobilghan (reincarnated Lama) manifested numerous miraculous signs. The amban stationed in Tibet reported this to the court and requested an imperial decree to allow him to ascend the throne and administer the teachings. He has been reincarnated several times since then.